1、大学四级-177 及答案解析(总分：693.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.1. 人们每天都生活在压力之下。 2. 所以说保持一个好的心情是十分重要的 3. 我的观点和原因（分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)BGulf Wracked By Katrinas Latest Legacy-Disease, Poisons, Mold/BA month after Hurricane Katrina tore through the U.S. Gulf Coast, medical
2、experts are now struggling with the latest crisis in the region: contamination( 污染 ).Katrina left New Orleans and other communities tainted with oil, sewage, and possibly poisons leached from federal toxic waste sites, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) says.The pollution, combined with
3、the lack of regular medical services in the region, has raised serious questions about the safety of New Orleans and other coastal towns as people longing for home begin to go back.“I dont think New Orleans is safe for people to return to, from a public health and environmental health standpoint, “s
4、aid Miriam Aschkenasy, an environmental health expert working with Oxfam America in the region.Much of the contamination rests in the brown, filmy sediment( 沉淀物 ) left behind by Katrinas polluted floodwaters.Recent EPA tests of the sediment confirmed high levels of E. coli bacteria, oil and gas chem
5、icals, and lead, as well as varying quantities of arsenic.The health risks posed by the sediment are immediate, experts say, because the sludge (淤泥) is nearly impossible for returning residents to avoid. In New Orleans, it covers every surface that was flooded, from cars and now-dead lawns to the en
6、tire contents of flooded homes, stores, hospitals, and schools.“When people come back, they are exposed to the sediment,“ said Wilma Subra, a chemist from New Iberia, Louisiana, who is analyzing the sediment. “Its in their yards and houses.“BOld Pollution Resurfacing/BPlaquemines Parish, a rural cou
7、nty on the peninsula south of New Orleans, is now covered with even more toxic sediment than it was two weeks ago, thanks to Hurricane Rita.“Six inches up to one foot ( 15 to 30 centimeters ) of sludge,“ Subra reported.Much of the sludge in Plaquemines is the product of nearby bayous and bay bottoms
8、, where, sediment was lifted up by Katrinas and Ritas storm surges.The sediment has been polluted over the years with industrial chemicals and heavy metals, said Suhra, who tested the sediment for the Southern Mutual Help Association, a nonprofit organization in New Iberia, Louisiana.“These water bo
9、dies have received industrial wastes for decades,“ she said. “This material has toxic chemicals, metals, and organic petrochemicals ( 石化产品 ).“Matters have only been made worse by multiple oil spills caused by Katrina and Rita. According to the U.S. Coast Guard, 11 oil spills have occurred in souther
10、n Louisiana, totaling 7.4 million gallons (28 million liters) of oil, most of which has been contained.Bacteria levels arc also especially high in the Plaquemines sludge, said Rodney Mallett, spokesperson for the Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality.“The sewage treatment plants were underwa
11、ter,“ he explained. “Between the animal waste and the human waste, youve got a lot of bacteria.“BProtection Kits/BHealth and environmental agencies are advising people to avoid contact with the sludge. They recommend that people wear gloves, goggles, and dust masks, and that they wash promptly if ex
12、posure occurs.EPA officials are directing people to its Web site (www.epa.gov) to inform themselves of the contamination risks.But most people returning to the area dont have computers to get that information, said Erik Olson, an attorney for the Natural Resources Defense Council, an environmental a
13、dvocacy group.“If you do read the Web site,“ he added, “you practically have to have a degree in chemistry to understand it.“To better inform people of health risks, the Southern Mutual Help Association and Oxfam America are developing a program to give every returning resident a protective kit.Each
14、 kit would contain waterproof suits, goggles (风镜), shoe covers, and masks, along with information about potential hazards. Volunteers would give out the kits at the security checkpoints that now stand at the major entrances to affected cities.The groups have made a hundred demonstration kits, which
15、cost about 100 (U.S.) each to produce, and have shown them to state leaders in Louisiana.“The governor is really in favor of this,“ Subra said. “We just have to determine how were going to fund them.“BToxic Mold Blooms/BIn addition to the toxic sediment, sprawling blooms of mold have now taken hold
16、in many flooded homes. “The mold is growing everywhere-homes are just coated with it,“ Subra said.The problem has become so widespread that federal health officials warned Wednesday of allergic reactions and toxic responses to the mold. Professionals should be hired to clean mold that covers more th
17、an ten square feet (one square meter), they urged.“Those surfaces that cant be cleaned need to be removed,“ said Steven Redd, chief of the Air Pollution and Respiratory Health Branch of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).The effects of the mold are already surfacing in Mississ
18、ippi, where respiratory ( 呼吸的 ) problems are among the illnesses doctors there are reporting.“Were seeing a lot of asthma from inhaling the mold,“ said Richard Paat, team leader of a temporary East Biloxi clinic.“And month sores from the bad water.“Due to contact with unclean water, 33 people in the
19、 flood zone have contracted Vibrio infections, according to the CDC. The infections are caused by a family of bacteria that live in contaminated salt water. They can cause serious illness, especially in people with compromised immune systems.To date, six people have died from Vibrio infections.“Peop
20、le had open wounds and walked through floodwater with sewage in it,“ CDC spokesperson Von Roebuck said. “And these folks were having these wounds infected with Vibrio.“BDisaster Response Care/B“This is a highly contaminated area,“ said Susan- Briggs, the physician overseeing FEMAs disaster-response
21、medical teams in Louisiana and Alabama.Her teams have been inoculating residents for tetanus and Hepatitis A and B. Hepatitis is a danger when people are exposed to sewage, through water or food, Briggs explained. Tetanus can occur when people cut themselves on unclean materials, as may happen when
22、cleaning debris.The rudimentary (根本的) living conditions in many Katrina-struck areas make it more likely that people will get sick and injured, Briggs said.“They have no electricity, no clean water, no air conditioning,“ she said. “There are collapsed structures and stray animals. There are huge amo
23、unts of stray dogs, and people have been bitten.“Briggs and other doctors in the area have been treating many cases of diarrhea, rashes, and upper-respiratory illnesses.All of these conditions are to be expected after natural disasters, according to the CDC. But its too soon to know if these ailment
24、s are related to contamination, the CDCs Roebuck said.“Were looking at that question,“ he said. “Wed like to know the answer.“（分数：70.00）(1).The passage gives a description of the contamination in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).Katrina left New Orleans and other communities t
25、ainted with oil and sewage.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).Plaquemines Parish is now covered with even more toxic sediment than it was two weeks ago.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).People are being advised to avoid contact with the sludge by health and environmental agencies.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).The Southern Mutual Help Ass
26、ociation and Oxfam America are developing a program to sell every returning resident a protective kit.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).The conditions in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina is special.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7).In addition to the toxic sediment, sprawling blooms of mold have now taken hold in many flood
27、ed homes, and it is growing everywhere.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).To date, six people have died from _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).The rudimentary living conditions in many Katrina-struck areas make it more likely that people will get _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).All of these conditions are to be expected after _.（分数：7.
28、00）填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：56.00）A.She refuses to go to dinner.B.She is angry.C.She agrees to go to dinner.D.She is surprised.A.She learns English quickly.B.Her English is very good.C.Her English isnt very good.
29、D.She learns new sentences slowly.A.At a bank.B.On the river side.C.At an inn.D.On a basketball field.A.Go to Paris again.B.Go somewhere else.C.Live in Paris.D.Difficult to say.A.Peter likes to do physical exercise.B.Peter is a naughty boy.C.Peter is absent-minded in class.D.Peter usually walks to c
30、lass.A.A driving test.B.A police movie.C.A traffic accident.D.The best way to make signals.A.Her sister is a fashionable woman.B.Her sister is studying Spanish.C.Her sister is designing a dress.D.Her sister is in the Philippines.A.She is going to see a movie.B.She is going to see a film that she has
31、 seen before.C.She wants to see her friend.D.She is going to find out some information about the film.BQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard./B（分数：28.00）A.A desire to express oneself and display ones wealth.B.Love for beauty and a desire to impress other people.C.Indiv
32、idual taste and love for beauty.D.Individual taste and a desire to express oneself.A.They may be homesick and feel insecure.B.They may try to attract other peoples attention.C.They are either cold or very sick.D.They want to protect themselves from physical injuries.A.Green.B.Red.C.Yellow.D.Grey.A.R
33、eporter and fashion designer.B.Shop assistant and customer.C.Husband and wife.D.Teacher and student.BQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.She felt embarrassed in class.B.She had not completed her assignment.C.Her presentation received a poor grade.D.She
34、was unable to attend her psychology class.A.Shed be able to leave quickly.B.Shed be able to locate where the man was seated.C.Shed be less nervous.D.Shed know when her professor arrived.A.They blush more readily than women do.B.Theyre uncomfortable when performing in front of adults.C.They dont resp
35、ond to stress well.D.They blush less frequently than adults do.四、BSection B/B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)BPassage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.The Black Plague.B.Common Animal pests.C.Enemy of Humanity.D.Causes of World Hunger.A.They eat or spoil crops.B.They
36、attack birds and animals.C.They destroy dams and buildings.D.They carry diseases.A.In India.B.Throughout the world.C.In Europe.D.Both A and B.BPassage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.The island of Guam:B.The battles on Guam during World War C.Yokoi Sh
37、oichis marriage.D.A Japanese soldier who hid on Guam.A.They met Yokoi Shoichi when he arrived.B.They saw a display of Shoichis clothing and equipment.C.They went to a department store to meet him.D.They attended Yokoi Shoichis wedding.A.Because he hated the war.B.Because he felt shame and dishonor.C
38、.Because he wanted to stay away from his friends and foes alike.D.Because he didnt know that Japan had lost the war.BPassage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：28.00）A.How to Make Violins.B.Stradivariuss Secret.C.Expensive Violins.D.Italian Violin Makers.A.Hun
39、dreds of violins every day.B.Only one violin.C.Over 100,000 violins during his career.D.Hundreds of violins during his career.A.His notes were never found.B.His notes were found by other violin makers.C.His notes were left to his sons.D.There were not any written notes about his secret.A.Special pro
40、perties of wood of the violin.B.Different steps involved in the violins construction.C.The shape and construction of the instrument.D.The special coat of paint on the violin.五、BSection C/B(总题数：1，分数：77.00)More and more Americans are reading their own credit report. Credit reports are U(36) /U by lend
41、ers to decide how rrisky it would be to offer a loan or credit to an individual.The report holds information about a persons U(37) /U loans and credit-card debt. It records late U(38) /U of bills and any unpaid loans. It all adds up to a credit history. These days, though, lenders often welcome peop
42、le with bad credit histories. They are U(39) /U higher interest rates and other loan costs.Some Americans want to read their credit report to know if they have been a U(40) /U of identity theft. They can see if any loans or credit cards have been U(41) /U in their name with stolen personal informati
43、on.Another reason is that credit reports are not always correct. They might U(42) /U wrong information or old information.Before 1971, Americans could not see any of this information. One change, in 2001, permits people to see their FICO score. FICO is short for the Fair Isaac U(43) /U . U(44) /UFai
44、r Isaac says many lenders not just in the United States but around the world use its technology to create credit scores. U(45) /U. As of May, the company says it sold ten million credit scores to individuals.U (46) /UPaying bills on time and paying off credit-card debt improves credit scores.（分数：77.
45、00）(1).（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_六、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：90.00)Have you ever been afraid to talk back when you were treatedU (47) /U? Have you ever bought something just because the salesman talked you into it? Are you afraid to ask someo
46、ne for a date?Many people are afraid to assert (表现) themselves. Dr. Alberti thinks its because their self-respect is low. “Our wholeU (48) /Uis designed to make people distrust themselves,“ says Alberti. “Theres always U (49) /U around-a parent, a teacher, a boss-who knows better. These superiors of
47、ten gain when they chip ( 削弱 ) away at your self-image.“But Alberti and other scientists are doing something to help peopleU (50) /Uthemselves. TheyU (51) /U “assertiveness training“ courses-AT for short. In the AT courses people learn that they have a right to be themselves. They learn to speak out and feel good about doing so. They learn to be moreU (52) /Uwithout hurting other people.In one way, learning to speak out is to U
