1、大学四级-178 及答案解析(总分：710.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should start you essay with a brief description of the picture and then comment on The importance of good health. You shou
2、ld give sound arguments to support your views and write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. （分数：106.00）_二、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section A(总题数：3，分数：49.00)Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item. （分数：14.00）A.17.B.24.C.21.D.41.A.Oxygen canisters.B.An earthquak
3、e.C.A fire.D.Electric leakage.Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item. （分数：14.00）A.Livestock cannot save energy.B.Livestock cannot protect the environment.C.Livestock is harmful for air.D.Livestock“s cost is higher than that in a lab.A.Breadcrumbs.B.Special Flour.C.Stem cells.D.Bu
4、rgers.Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following news item. （分数：21.00）A.Ireland does not have to borrow money any more.B.Ireland does not pay off the money.C.Ireland“s economy is becoming worse.D.Ireland“ s unemployment is at its highest point.A.The economy has been smaller.B.The economy has in
5、creased.C.The economy has kept steady.D.The economy has been in crisis.A.To refuse offering financial assistance.B.To generate the tax revenue.C.To improve the living standards.D.To expand the economy.四、Section B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Conversation One(总题数：1，分数：28.00)Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conv
6、ersation you have just heard. （分数：28.00）A.Planning a sightseeing tour.B.Writing to his uncle.C.Arranging his class schedule.D.Looking through a language textbook.A.France.B.England.C.Canada.D.The U.S.A.Get the university“s approval in advance.B.Follow Susan“s advice about traveling abroad.C.Take mor
7、e French courses to improve his skills.D.Make inquiries about the requirements for teaching abroad.A.He wants to change his field of study.B.He needs to earn a graduate degree.C.He needs to get better grades.D.He“s fulfilled his graduation requirements.六、Conversation Two(总题数：1，分数：28.00)Questions 12
8、to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：28.00）A.He drives too fast.B.His radio wakes her children up.C.He plays his guitar too loudly.D.His friends are too noisy.A.At midnight.B.In the morning.C.When the neighbors“ son leaves for work.D.When the car is turned off.A.She doesn“t w
9、ant to make a bad first impression.B.She is afraid of getting too nervous.C.She is afraid they won“t listen.D.She knows that they can“t do anything about it.A.Nancy should call her neighbors to complain.B.Nancy should introduce her children to her neighbors.C.Nancy should ask her neighbors“ son to b
10、abysit.D.Nancy should bring her neighbors a gift.七、Section C(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：43.20)Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：43.20）A.Electric cars.B.Increasing fuel efficiency.C.California“s pollution laws.D.Automobile safety.A.They are cheaper.B.They
11、do not pollute.C.They are simpler to drive.D.They are faster.A.It is not comfortable.B.It cannot go long distances without recharging.C.It is difficult to steer.D.Its engine easily overheats.九、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：43.20)Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：43.20）A.To
12、show a videotape on survival in outer space.B.To gain support for the space program.C.To describe her experience on space missions.D.To inform the audience about the space suit.A.The lack of air pressure.B.The extremely hot or cold temperature.C.Exposure to radiation.D.An inadequately ventilated spa
13、ce suit.A.A videotape.B.A book.C.A picture.D.An oxygen tank.十、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：57.60)Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：57.60）A.It helps the body to digest food.B.It keeps milk fresh.C.It helps the body to absorb calcium.D.It prevents sunburn.A.Oranges.B.Milk.
14、C.Tomatoes.D.Bread.A.Ten minutes of exercise each day.B.Ultraviolet rays.C.Vitamin supplements.D.Eight hours of sleep each night.A.Their bones may become weak.B.They may lose weight.C.They may develop wrinkles.D.They may become allergic to milk.十一、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十二、Section A(总题数：1，
15、分数：35.00)Nearly a third of women are the main breadwinners in their household in Britain, according to a major survey. Researchers said that in many relationships it was no longer assumed that the man would bring in the bigger income, 1 in a time of widespread redundancies (裁员). In a 2 shift in atti
16、tudes, four out of ten women said that the career of whichever partner had the highest income would take 3 in the relationship. In one in ten families, a house husband looks after the children and does the 4 while their female partner works full time. Ten percent of women admitted this role 5 had pu
17、t strains on their relationship and some said it had even led to them 6 company. The Women and Work Survey 2014, commissioned (受委托) by Grazia magazine, found that almost half of full-time mothers 7 not earning their own money. And two thirds of the mothers among the 2,000 women in the survey said th
18、ey wanted to keep working in some way after having children. A 8 higher number of those with children under three said they would prefer to workpreferably part-timerather than stay at home. Victoria Harper of Grazia said, “Women are getting good jobs when they graduate, and working up the career 9 f
19、aster than they have ever done.“ This means that there has to be more 10 between the roles of men and women in a relationship and when they have children. A. precedence B. connection C. prospect D. slightly E. ladder F. favored G. plan H. reversal I. especially J. parting K. opposite L. chores M. di
20、sliked N. fluidity O. significant（分数：35.00）十三、Section B(总题数：1，分数：70.00)Robot ManagementA. Robots have been the stuff of science fiction for so long that it is surprisingly hard to see them as the stuff of management fact. A Czech playwright, Karel Capek, gave them their name in 1920 (from the Slavon
21、ic word for “work“). An American writer, Isaac Asimov, confronted them with their most memorable dilemmas. Hollywood turned them into superheroes and supervillains. When some film critics drew up lists of Hollywood“s 50 greatest good guys and 50 greatest baddies, the only character to appear on both
22、 lists was a robot, the Terminator. B. It is time for management thinkers to catch up with science-fiction writers. Robots have been doing auxiliary jobs on production lines since the 1960s. The world already has more than 1m industrial robots. There is now an acceleration in the rates at which they
23、 are becoming both cleverer and cheaper: an explosive combination. Robots are learning to interact with the world around them. Their ability to see things is getting ever closer to that of humans, as is their capacity to ingest information and act on it. Tomorrow“s robots will increasingly take on d
24、elicate, complex tasks. And instead of being imprisoned in cages to stop them colliding with people, they will be free to wander. C. America“s armed forces have blazed a trail here. They now have no fewer than 12,000 robots serving in their ranks. Peter Singer, of the Brookings Institution, a think-
25、tank (智囊团), says mankind“s 5,000-year monopoly on the fighting of war is breaking down. Recent additions to the battlefield include tiny “insects“ that perform reconnaissance (侦查) missions and giant “dogs“ to terrify enemies. The Pentagon is also working on the EATR, a robot that fuels itself by eat
26、ing whatever biomass (生物量) it finds around it. D. But the civilian world cannot be far behind. Who better to clean sewers or suck up nuclear waste than these remarkable machines? The Japanese have made surprisingly little use of robots to clear up after the recent earthquake, given their world leade
27、rship in this area. They say that they had the wrong sort of robots in the wrong places. But they have issued a global call for robotic assistance and are likely to put more robots to work shortly. E. As robots advance into the service industries they are starting to look less like machines and more
28、 like living creatures. The Paro (made by AIST, a Japanese research agency) is shaped like a baby seal and responds to attention. Honda“s robot, ASIMO, is humanoid and can walk, talk and respond to commands. F. Until now executives have largely ignored robots, regarding them as an engineering rather
29、 than a management problem. This cannot go on: robots are becoming too powerful and ubiquitous (无处不在的). Companies may need to rethink their strategies as they gain access to these new sorts of workers. Do they really need to outsource production to China, for example, when they have clever machines
30、that work ceaselessly without pay? They certainly need to rethink their human-resources policiesstarting by questioning whether they should have departments devoted to purely human resources. G. The first issue is how to manage the robots themselves. Asimov laid down the basic rule in 1942: no robot
31、 should harm a human. This rule has been reinforced by recent technological improvements: robots are now much more sensitive to their surroundings and can be instructed to avoid hitting people. But the Pentagon“s plans make all this a bit more complicated: many of its robots will be, in essence, kil
32、ling machines. H. A second question is how to manage the homo side of homo-robo relations. Workers have always worried that new technologies will take away their livelihoods, ever since the original Luddites“ fears about mechanised looms. That worry takes on a particularly intense form when the mach
33、ines come with a human face: Capek“s play that gave robots their name depicted a world in which they initially brought lots of benefits but eventually led to mass unemployment and discontent. Now, the arrival of increasingly humanoid automatons in workplaces, in an era of high unemployment, is bound
34、 to provoke a reaction. I. So, companies will need to work hard to persuade workers that robots are productivity-enhancers, not just job-eating aliens. They need to show employees that the robot sitting alongside them can be more of a helpmate than a threat. Audi has been particularly successful in
35、introducing industrial robots because the carmaker asked workers to identify areas where robots could improve performance and then gave those workers jobs overseeing the robots. Employers also need to explain that robots can help preserve manufacturing jobs in the rich world: one reason why Germany
36、has lost fewer such jobs than Britain is that it has five times as many robots for every 10,000 workers. J. These two principlesdon“t let robots hurt or frighten peopleare relatively simple. Robot scientists are tackling more complicated problems as robots become more sophisticated. They are keen to
37、 avoid hierarchies (层级) among rescue-robots (because the loss of the leader would render the rest redundant). So they are using game theory to make sure the robots can communicate with each other in egalitarian (平等) ways. They are keen to avoid duplication between robots and their human handlers. So
38、 they are producing more complicated mathematical formulae in order that robots can constantly adjust themselves to human intentions. This suggests that the world could be on the verge of a great management revolution: making robots behave like humans rather than the 20th century“s preferred option,
39、 making humans behave like robots.（分数：70.00）(1).Tomorrow“s robots will be free to move around rather than being locked up in cages so as not to hurt people.（分数：7.00）(2).It is not easy for people to regard robots as management stuff, for the later are mostly seen in science fictions.（分数：7.00）(3).Robo
40、ts appear more like living creatures as they enter into the service industry.（分数：7.00）(4).According to the Pentagon“s plans, many of its robots will essentially become killing machines.（分数：7.00）(5).The Japanese didn“t use a lot of robots to clear up after the recent earthquake, considering their wor
41、ld leadership in the robot field.（分数：7.00）(6).Companies should show their workers that robots can be more of a helper rather than a threat to them.（分数：7.00）(7).The fact that more and more human-like robots are used in workplaces will surely arouse reaction in a time of high unemployment.（分数：7.00）(8)
42、.Robots, who are considered as an engineering instead of a management problem, have been largely neglected by executives.（分数：7.00）(9).Scientists are trying to enable robots to constantly adjust themselves to people“s intentions.（分数：7.00）(10).The example that Germany has lost fewer manufacturing jobs
43、 than Britain shows that robots can help preserve manufacturing jobs in the rich world.（分数：7.00）十四、Section C(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十五、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：72.00)Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time: if corrected too much, he will
44、 stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses and the language those around him use. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people“s. In the same way, when children learn to do all the other things they learn to do wi
45、thout being taught to walk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicyclecompare those performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his own mistakes for himself, let alone correct them. We do it all for him. We act
46、 as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to. Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher. Let him do it himself. Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what answer is to that
47、 problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not. If it is a matter of right answers, as it may be in mathematics or science, give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time on such routine work? Our job should be to help the child when
48、he tells us that he can“t find the way to get the right answer. Let“s end this nonsense of grades, exams, marks. Let us throw them all out, and let the children learn what all educated persons must someday learn, how to measure their own understanding, how to know what they know or do not know. Let
49、them get on with this job in the way that seems most sensible to them, with our help as school teachers if they ask for it. The idea that there is a body of knowledge to be learnt at school and used for the rest of one“s life is nonsense in a world as complicated and rapidly changing as ours. Anxious parents and teachers say, “But suppose they fail to learn something essential, something they will need to get in the world?“ Don“t worry! If it is essential, they will go out into the world and
