1、大学英语六级-159 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：100.00)Is your doctor telling you the truth? Possibly not, according to a new survey in Health Affairs of nearly 1,900 physicians around the country. The researchers found that 55% of doctors said that in the last year they had b
2、een more positive about a patient“s prognosis (预断) than his medical history warranted. And 10% said they had told patients something that wasn“t true. About a third of the M. D. s said they did not completely agree that they should disclose medical errors to patients, and 40% said they didn“t feel t
3、he need to disclose financial ties to drug or device companies. Really? The study“s lead author, Dr. Lisa Iezzoni, a medicine professor at Harvard Medical School and director of the Mongan Institute for Health Policy at Massachusetts General Hospital, was surprised to learn how dishonest her colleag
4、ues were. “Some of the numbers were larger than I expected they might be,“ she says. Why the white lies? In some cases, Iezzoni says it was for self-protection. Nearly 20% of the doctors admitted that they didn“t disclose a medical error to their patients because they were afraid of being sued for m
5、alpractice. In other cases, it may have been for the patient“s benefit. M. D. s might spare an anxious patient from hearing about the slightly abnormal results of a lab test, for example, if it has no impact on the patient“s health. Conversely (相反地), the doctor might exaggerate a health result in ho
6、pes of motivating a patient to take better care of himself. “The doctor-patient relationship is a human interaction, and physicians are human too,“ says Iezzoni. “They don“t want to upset their patients, they don“t want their patients to look unhappy or burst into tears. But they also need to be pro
7、fessionals, so they need to tell themselves that if there is a difficult truth they need to tell their patient, they need to figure out a way of communicating that effectively. “ That“s critical for doctors to appreciate, because as well-intentioned as their lies may be, other studies consistently s
8、how that patients prefer the truth, and would rather hear harsh news than remain ignorant about a terrible medical condition. Being fully informed is a way that patients can cope and prepare for whatever might occur. As for the failure to disclose medical errors, Iezzoni says doctors“ fear of malpra
9、ctice suits may often be misplaced. Studies suggest that in cases where physicians are open about their mistakes, patients are more likely to be understanding and refrain from suing. So how can doctors learn to be more honest with their patients? More training about how to communicate with people ab
10、out their health is criticalespecially when it comes to delivering bad news. Patients also need to be clear and firm about how honest they want their doctors to be. Communication is a two-way street, after all, even in the doctor“s office. (选自 Time)（分数：10.00）(1).According to the new survey in Health
11、 Affairs, about two fifths of the doctors _.（分数：2.00）A.were more positive on predicting the patients“ diseaseB.admitted to telling lies to their patientsC.were unwilling to reveal malpractice to patientsD.felt it unnecessary to reveal the economic relation with drug companies(2).According to the pas
12、sage, the doctors tell the white lies because they _.（分数：2.00）A.want to protect themselvesB.want to keep the patients nervousC.are ignorant about the patients“ situationsD.want the patients to spend more money(3).What is the result of other studies on patients“ attitude towards truth?（分数：2.00）A.They
13、 want to know the truth instead of lies.B.They prefer those lies which intend to be kind.C.They would rather remain uninformed about bad news.D.They feel it unimportant whether to tell the truth or not.(4).Studies show if the doctors disclose their medical errors, patients might possibly _.（分数：2.00）
14、A.lose confidence in themB.understand themC.become worriedD.accuse them of malpractice(5).What“s the main topic of the passage?（分数：2.00）A.The honesty of your doctor.B.The doctor-patient relationship.C.The training in communication.D.The reasons for telling white lies.The trend toward smaller familie
15、s may not be as modern as we think, either. Although women gatherers had four or five children, only two typically survived childhoodthe number found in the average American family today. Even our style of rearing children is starting to parallel hunting-gathering communities, in which girls and boy
16、s are permitted to play together from a young age, and consequently experiment at sex earlier and engage in trial marriages. Clearly we“ve moved away from the agricultural custom of arranged marriages and cloistering girls (玉女) to preserve their virginity. Moreover, the home is no longer the “lace o
17、f production“, as it was in farm days. We don“t make our soap, grow our vegetables and slaughter our chicken for the dinner table. Instead, we hunt and gather in the grocery store and return to our “home base“ to consume the food we have collected. No wonder we are so in love with fast foods. It pro
18、bably harks back to an eating strategy our primitive relatives adopted over 50 million years ago. There“s no mistaking the trend: humans are once again on the move. Husband and wife are no longer bound to a single plot of land for their livelihood. Women are back in production as well as reproductio
19、n. As we head back to the future, there“s every reason to believe the sexes will enjoy the kind of equality that is a function of our birthright. By equality, I mean a more equitable division of powernot that our roles will converge. Alike men and women have never been and never will be. Very simply
20、 we think differently, which is again tied to our long hunting-gathering heritage. For 2 million years, women carried around children and have been the nurturers. That“s probably why tests show they are both more verbal and more attuned to nonverbal cues. Women, on the other hand, tend to have supe
21、rior mathematical and visual-spatial skills because they roamed long distances from the campsite, had to scheme ways to trap prey and then had to find their way back. That specialization is reflected in genuine gender differences in the brain today. Nature not only intended men and women to put thei
22、r bodies together; we“ve meant to put our heads together as well. That“s what“s so thrilling about what“s happening now. All those male and female skills are beginning to work together again. At long last, society is moving in a direction that should be highly compatible with our ancient human spiri
23、t. (选自 The Washington Post)（分数：10.00）(1).It can be learned from the passage that _.（分数：2.00）A.girls in a hunting society will have more sexual freedom than those in an agricultural societyB.people in modern society are more consumers than producersC.women are playing a more and more important part i
24、n modern societyD.gender differences are reflected especially in brain volume(2).It can be inferred from the first two paragraphs that _.（分数：2.00）A.the way we bring up children is more closely related to the custom of an agricultural societyB.people in primitive society also had a passion for fast f
25、oodC.our eating habit is more closely linked with the custom of a hunting societyD.there are four or five children in each American family in agricultural society(3).By saying that the sexes will enjoy equality, the author means that _.（分数：2.00）A.men and women will have the same speculative powerB.m
26、en and women will be entitled to equal rights the time they are bornC.men and women will play equal role in societyD.the distribution of power will be fairer between men and women(4).Judging from the skills women specialize in, they might be suitable to be a/an _.（分数：2.00）A.engineerB.workerC.nurseD.
27、long-distance runner(5).The phrase “compatible with“ in the last sentence of the passage can best be replaced by _.（分数：2.00）A.competitive withB.comprehensible toC.adaptable toD.in accordance withAs anyone who has been to Japan knows, there are strict rules about bathing in onsen (温泉), or hot springs
28、 Bodies must be scrubbed beforehand, swimming trunks are banned and tattoos are taboo. The industry“s management scope extends far beyond the tub, however. For decades, onsen owners have hindered development of a huge potential source of clean energy: geothermal (地热的) power. They argue that the tap
29、ping of heated aquifers (蓄水层) in volcanic Japan will drain the onsen dry, increase pollution and ruin a cherished form of relaxation. With Japan on the verge of running out of nuclear power, however, the demand for new sources of energy is becoming harder to resist. Three Japanese companiesToshiba,
30、Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and Fuji Electriccontrol more than half of the global market for geothermal turbines (涡轮机), yet Japan itself gets a mere 0.3% of its energy, or 537 megawatts, from its own steam. The industry“s promoters say that Japan sits on about 20,000 MW of geothermal energy, or the
31、equivalent of 20 nuclear reactors, though not all of this could be developed. Since the disaster at Fukushima last year, all but one of the nation“s 54 nuclear reactors are now temporarily suspended, reducing Japan“s power-generating capacity by about a third. That has accelerated the search for alt
32、ernatives. In July the government is set to introduce a feed-in tariff that will force the ten regional electricity monopolies to buy renewable energy at above-market ratesthough a price has not yet been set. At the end of March the environment ministry said it would abolish guidelines that restrict
33、 geothermal development in some national parks. Experts say the long time lag reflects some of the difficulties of developing new business in Japan. Tetsunari Iida, head of the Institute for Sustainable Energy Policies, says the country needs a “strong and wise government“ that can persuade the onse
34、n owners and local communities that the industry would not spoil their spas. He also says the country needs companies with strong balance-sheets and a robust risk culture to lead the way. Having the world“s best turbine manufacturers is not enough, he says. To speed things up, Japan could also look
35、overseas for help. Iceland, for instance, generates the same amount of geothermal energy as Japan, though Japan has 400 times more people. A Japanese expert, Hirofumi Muraoka, calculates that one mid-sized northern city, Aomori, with a population about the size of Iceland“s 318,000, could save enorm
36、ously on imported fuel bills and heating costs by tapping geothermal springs nearby. Besides generating electricity, it could use the hot water from the springs to heat houses, as Iceland does. Iceland“s ambassador to Japan, Stefan Stefansson, says his country“s experience suggests Japan does not ne
37、ed subsidies to develop geothermal energy. It needs careful management of underground reservoirs, and an entrepreneurial (企业家的) vision. Besides heating houses, he says, Iceland“s geothermal water is used for farming tasty tropical fish. (选自 The Economist)（分数：10.00）(1).The hot springs“ owners prevent
38、 developing geothermal power because they think it might _.（分数：2.00）A.reduce the temperature of hot springsB.lead to the dryness of the hot springsC.promote other forms of recreationD.make the volcanos erupt(2).The result of the Fukushima accident in Japan is that _.（分数：2.00）A.one nuclear reactor is
39、 shut down for a limited timeB.Japan“s electricity output is reduced to one thirdC.the area nearby is seriously pollutedD.Japan speeds up the search for new energy sources(3).Which of the following statements about the policy introduced by Japanese government in July is TRUE?（分数：2.00）A.It was implem
40、ented on a voluntary basis.B.It aimed at all the electricity companies.C.It was about purchasing the renewable energy.D.It set the price of the renewable energy below the market rate.(4).Hirofumi Muraoka thinks Aomori can learn from Iceland to use hot springs to _.（分数：2.00）A.heat housesB.have a bath
41、C.export fuelD.farm the fish(5).To develop geothermal energy, what does Stefan Stefansson think Japan needs to have?（分数：2.00）A.The allowances to develop geothermal energy.B.Careful development of the natural resources.C.Good management of underground reservoirs.D.A far-sighted government.In 1963 an
42、American physiotherapist (物理治疗师) Glenn Doman wrote a best selling book called How to Teach Your Baby to Read . Now translated into 17 languages, this book arose from his work with brain damaged children in Pennsylvania. Doman and his team of specialists had wondered why brain-injured children didn“t
43、 improve with medical treatment. Then they realized that conventional methods of treatment only relieved the symptoms, not the problem, which of course was the brain itself. So they developed a new approach. “All we do for all children here is to give them visual, auditory and touchable stimulation
44、with increased frequency, intensity and duration, in recognition of the orderly way in which the brain grows,“ says Doman. “The result was that by 1960 we had hundreds of severely brain-injured two-year-olds who could read and understand.“ The team had discovered that even children who had half thei
45、r brains removed could, by stimulation, achieve higher IQs than the average normal child. Then the team began to think if such amazing results could be achieved with brain-damaged children, what would happen if the same treatment were given to normal children. So eight years ago the Better Baby Inst
46、itute was opened for the benefit of normal children. The same stimulating enriched environment was provided, and, by the time the children left, around seven years old, they could generally speak and read three foreign languages, play a musical instrument, read three full length books a week and do
47、all the other things that a so-called “normal“ child could do. In Doman“s view, the child“s passion to learn during the years up to six must be fed. He believes that, like muscles, the brain develops with use, especially so in those first few years. Nowadays, parents come from all over the world to
48、Pennsylvania to see and learn from the work of Doman and his team; they want to discover how they can fulfill their roles as nature teachers, by using their love, understanding and instincts for the benefit of their children. For in the words of Doman, “Every child born has a greater potential intel
49、ligence than Leonardo da Vinci used.“ (选自 New Scientist)（分数：10.00）(1).In Glenn Doman“s research, he discovered that brain-damaged children improved when they _.（分数：2.00）A.were taught to read and understandB.could speak several languagesC.got the right treatmentD.got medicine for their symptoms(2).Doman“s new approach was to _.（分数：2.00）A.increase the different types of stimulationB.give shorter periods of decreased stimulationC.intensify the decreased stimulationD.decrease the time between the periods of stimulation(3).From
