1、大学英语四级（2013 年 12 月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 230 及答案解析(总分：118.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Writing(总题数：2，分数：4.00)1.Part I Writing（分数：2.00）_2.Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essayYou should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance
2、 of being punctualYou should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words （分数：2.00）_二、Listening Comprehens(总题数：12，分数：50.00)3.Part II Listening Comprehension_4.Section A_A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.One.A.Close all the tourist attractions.B.Forbid using animals as a vehicle.C.Increase the trains and
3、 flights.D.Restore the May Day holiday.A.It didnt do enough to celebrate the 100th anniversary of WWI.B.It showed little respect to other European countries.C.It tended to focus on the crimes of WWI.D.It tried to deny the crimes committed by the Nazis.A.Indifferent.B.Opposed.C.Neutral.D.Numb.A.Remin
4、d people to care their personal appearance.B.Pay compliments to the person in front of it.C.Tell the person in front of it what to dress.D.Make the company more competitive.A.38%.B.26%.C.49%.D.51%.A.To make people beautiful.B.To raise the nations egos.C.To make big money.D.To change a nation.5.Secti
5、on B_A.He does not have his own library card with him.B.He does not want to return the book right now.C.He does not like the system of putting books on hold.D.He does not want to pay the fine.A.Only if he pays three times of the original fine.B.Only if he shares the book with other students.C.Only i
6、f other students waiting for the book finish using it.D.Only if he replaces his library card.A.This week.B.In two days.C.Tomorrow.D.After tomorrow.A.He will pay the $1.15 fine today.B.He will return the book after the exam.C.He will pay the fine after the exam.D.He will find out who borrows the book
7、.A.A detective story.B.A class assignment.C.A birthday gift.D.A jewelry store robbery.A.She had trouble finishing her assignment.B.The professor did not like her story.C.She did not like the topic she had chosen for her paper.D.She was taking too many courses at present.A.Take some extra time.B.Writ
8、e the story ending first.C.Do some work for another course.D.Write down whatever ideas she has first.A.To do some shopping.B.To meet her professor.C.To do research for her story.D.To take a break from her work.6.Section C_A.Opening to look through.B.Light given.C.Wind.D.Winds eye.A.Because it kept o
9、ut the wind.B.Because it blew out the smoke.C.Because it let in more wind than light.D.Because it let in mostly light.A.Through the windows.B.Through the chimney.C.Through the doors.D.Through a hole in the roof.A.Their family members.B.Strangers.C.Their closest friends.D.Their relatives.A.To get adv
10、ice.B.To subscribe.C.To place an advertisement.D.To apply for membership.A.They are two famous doctors.B.They are two well-known writers who give advice.C.They are two lawyers.D.They are two professors at the New York State University.A.Intercultural Commerce.B.Interaction in Communication.C.Intercu
11、ltural Communication.D.International Cooperation.A.Once a month.B.Twice a month.C.Three times a month.D.Four times a month.A.Today after class.B.On Wednesday.C.On Thursday.D.On Sunday.A.Participation.B.Quizzes.C.A research project.D.Homework.三、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：8，分数：60.00)7.Part III Reading C
12、omprehension_8.Section A_Hearing the name of an object appears to influence whether or not we see it, suggesting that hearing and vision might be even more intertwined than previously thought. Studies suggest that words and images are 1 coupled. What is not clear, says Gary Lupyan of the University
13、of Wisconsin in Madison, is whether language and 2 work together to help you 3 what youre seeing, or whether words can actually change what you see. Lupyan and Emily Ward of Yale University used a technique called continuous flash suppression (CFS) on 20 volunteers to test whether a spoken prompt co
14、uld make them detect an image that they were not 4 aware they were seeing. CFS works by 5 different images to the right and left eyes: one eye might be shown a simple shape or an animal, 6 the other is shown visual “noise“. The noise monopolizes (垄断) the brain, leaving so little processing power for
15、 the other image, making it 7 . In a similar experiment, the team found that volunteers were more likely to detect specific 8 if asked about them. For example, asking “Do you see a square?“ made it more likely than that they would see a hidden 9 but not a hidden circle. James McClelland of Stanford
16、University in California, who was not 10 in the work, thinks it is an important study. It suggests that sight and language are intertwined, he says.A) visible F) displaying K) shapesB) vision G) however L) tightlyC) square H) while M) invisibleD) consciously I) involved N) usingE) usually J) interpr
17、et O) given（分数：20.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_10.Section B_Steps to Better Foot HealthA) Are your feet healthy? Even people who try to cover all the basesavoiding fattening foods, hitting the gym and wearing sunscreenmay not be able to answer yes. Doctors
18、 say people often ignore persistent but minor foot complaints, which can later develop into bigger problems, like lower back pain. Some common foot problems can mask underlying issues that are correctable if addressed early. Tender feet might be a sign of a pinched nerve, for example, or bunions (肿)
19、 might stem from weak arches. Other foot illness, such as sores that dont heal, can point to a more serious condition, such as diabetes.B) Podiatrists (足部医生) say foot illness are a growing problem as more people get physically active. Running marathons, for instance, puts added pressure on the feet
20、and can worsen existing issues that might be caused by genetics or poor footwear choices. Feet also must bear the burden from the growing numbers of people who are overweight or obese.C) Many people dont wear shoes with proper support, which is especially harmful for active athletes, says Leslie Cam
21、pbell, a spokeswoman for the American Podiatric Medical Association, a professional organization. “We see more young children coming in because they play sports like soccer and wear cleats, which are rigid, dont absorb shock, cause fatigue and should be worn as little as possible,“ she says. Dr. Cam
22、pbell, a podiatrist at Presbyterian Hospital in Allen, Texas, recommends soccer players not wear cleats off the field and be sure to warm up adequately before playing so the joints are supple in the shoe.D) Other sports, including football, basketball and tennis, require constant, quick side-to-side
23、 movements that increase the risk of ankle sprains. And long-distance running can cause overuse problems like heel spurs, pinched nerves in the ankle and excessive rolling of the foot, which is known as over-or under-pronation.E) People can check for pronation problems by looking at the bottoms of t
24、heir shoes. Uneven wear means the foot isnt landing properly, which can cause a collapsed arch and lead to lower back pain, says Eugene Charles, a New York-based practitioner of applied kinesiology (运动学) , an alternative medicine that combines elements of chiropractic (脊椎神经) , physical therapy and o
25、ther disciplines. Orthotics is usually recommended in this case, he says.F) Achy feet shouldnt just be explained away by old age or standing a lot, says Dr. Charles. Rubbing the feet after a long day should feel good. But if the feet are tender to the touch, this could reveal an underlying problem s
26、uch as overworked muscles or weak arches. Often the wrong shoes are to blame, so try footwear with more support.G) Sometimes a foot problem starts in another part of the body. If the bones in the ankle make a crackling sound when the joint is rotated, this could mean a major muscle located in the ca
27、lf and foot, called the tibialis posterior (胫骨后肌) , needs to be strengthened, Dr. Charles says. A weak tibialis posterior can cause tendon (肌腱) problems and shin splints. Standing on one foot or doing calf stretches and heel raises can strengthen the muscle.H) Elevating the feet whenever it is conve
28、nient is a good practice because it alleviates pressure, Dr. Charles says. Epsom-salt soaks and foot massages feel good, but usually dont address actual problems. If people need a soak every day for their feet to feel normal, there may be something wrong, he says. Going barefoot isnt always a good i
29、dea. Shedding shoes on grass or on the beach can strengthen certain muscles, Dr. Campbell says. But walking barefoot on hard surfaces, which dont provide support, can cause muscle strain and misalignment. Regular stretches and exercises can strengthen muscles and help prevent some common foot proble
30、ms.I) Before getting out of bed, wake up the foot muscles. Sit with your feet extended and angle the toes toward your head and then away from it. This works the Achilles tendon and fascial band. Rolling your foot over a tennis ball stimulates nerve endings and protects from injury. Picking up small
31、objects like marbles strengthens muscles in the toes and foot. Calf stretches strengthen major muscles in the lower leg that affect the foot. Wrapping a rubber band around the toes and then expanding the toes outward supports foot muscles.J) To prepare for a vacation that will involve lots of walkin
32、g, Dr. Charles recommends getting the feet in shape by starting to take walks a month before the trip and gradually ramping up the workout length. He suggests alternating the speedwalk very slowly for one block, then fast for anotherto work different muscles and strengthen the foot overall.K) Some f
33、oot illness can signal bigger problems, for which a podiatrist or orthopedic surgeon should be consulted. For example, pain in the big toe can be a sign of gout, a form of arthritis. Sores that dont heal can indicate diabetes and abnormal blood-glucose levels or peripheral artery disease. And sorene
34、ss or a burning sensation in the ball of the foot can signal a pinched nerve.L) Bunions and hammertoes are common illness that are painful and usually indicate larger structural problems. Bunions are the bony bumps that form at the base of the big toe and hammertoes are toes with an abnormal bend in
35、 the middle joint. These can signal that the foot isnt receiving enough support, either because of ill-fitting shoes like heels, or genetics that cause the foot to be too mobile.（分数：20.00）(1).Some special soaks or massages can make your feet feel good, but it can not really solve the feet problems.（
36、分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).Bunions and hammertoes are two common sicknesses, which may indicate larger problems.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).Before getting up in the morning, you need to wake up your foot muscles.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).Foot problems may not always start from your feet, it can begin from other parts of
37、your body.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).Runners who do not wear shoes with proper support may have problems of heel spurs after a long run.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(6).Marathons make feet suffer from great pressure, and the wearing poor shoes can lead to worse problems of the feet.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(7).You need to chang
38、e the speed of your walk in order to exercise different muscles of your body.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(8).The shoes that can not absorb shock may cause fatigue to the people who wear them.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(9).Orthotics are usually suggested to deal with uneven wear, which may lead to a collapsed arch and lowe
39、r back pain.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(10).You can rub your feet in order to make you feel well after a long day.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_11.Section C_Unemployment-insurance (UI) benefits first passed in 2008 and extended several times. Americas government has enacted such measures in every recession since 1957. The m
40、ost recent extension expired on December 28th, leaving roughly 1. 3m Americans suddenly cut off and setting the stage for a huge political battle early in 2014. Republicans principally object to the extensions costaround $25 billion over the next two years. Some point out that supplemental UI benefi
41、ts have been in place longer and paid out more than in past recessions. Of course, one reason for this is that a far larger share of Americans remains out of work now than when the recession began. In November 2013 Americas unemployment rate was 7. 0% , still a full two points higher than its 5% lev
42、el when the recession began in December 2007. There remain roughly three applicants for every open job. Even so, Rand Paul, a Republican senator from Kentucky, says that extending UI benefits causes workers “to become part of this perpetual unemployed group in our economy“ and “actually does a disse
43、rvice to the people youre trying to help.“ Not extending benefits will probably cause the unemployment rate to drop. Unlike some other economic stimuli, these benefits tend to get spent quickly on consumer goods. Mr. Obama has proposed several policies aimed at helping the long-term unemployed. One
44、would set up a National Infrastructure Bank and spend $ 40 billion on deferred-maintenance repairs. Another, the Community College to Career Fund Act, would award grants to educational institutions and state and local governments for better job-training programmes. Congress has not approved them. In
45、 2010 it passed a payroll-tax exemption for employers who hire the unemployed; this has since expired. Yet there is not much hope for improvement in Americas polarized atmosphere. Instead, Congress will begin the new year by once again debating UI benefits. House Democrats have introduced legislation to extend benefits for three months, paid for by trimming farm subsidies.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the first paragraph, what does political battle refer to?（分数：2.00）A.The debate on economic recession.B.The argument on rising unemployment.C.
