1、大学英语四级 158 及答案解析(总分：746.57，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic The Advantages of Part-time Jobs. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 1目前很多大学生都在做兼职工作。 2做兼职工作的好处。
2、 3结论。 （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)The Motor Car There are now over 700 million motor vehicles in the world and the number is rising by more than 40 million each year. The average distance driven by car users is growing toofrom 8 km a day per person in western Europe in 1965 to 2
3、5 km a day in 1995. This dependence on motor vehicles has given rise to major problems, including environmental pollution, depletion of oil resources, traffic congestion and safety. Problems While emissions (废气排放) from new cars are far less harmful than they used to be, city streets and motorways ar
4、e becoming more crowded than ever, often with older trucks, buses and taxis, which emit excessive levels of smoke and fumes. This concentration of vehicles makes air quality in urban areas unpleasant and sometimes dangerous to breathe. Even Moscow has joined the list of capitals suffered form conges
5、tion and traffic fumes. In Mexico City, vehicle pollution is a major health hazard. Until a hundred years ago, most journeys were in the 20 km range, the distance conveniently accessible by horse. Heavy freight could only be carried by water or rail. The invention of the motor vehicle brought person
6、al mobility to the masses and made rapid freight delivery possible over a much wider area. Today about 90 per cent of inland freight in the United Kingdom is carried by road. Clearly the world cannot revert to the horse-drawn wagon. Can it avoid being locked into congested and polluting ways of tran
7、sporting people and goods? In Europe most cities are still designed for the old modes of transport. Adaptation to the motor car has involved adding ring roads, one-way systems and parking lots. In the United States, more land is assigned to car use than to housing. The fast development of city life
8、means that life without a car is next to impossible. Mass use of motor vehicles has also killed or injured millions of people. Other social effects have been blamed on the car such as alienation and aggressive human behavior. A 1993 study by the European Federation for Transport and Environment foun
9、d that car transport is seven times as costly as rail travel in terms of the external social costs it leads to such as traffic jam, accidents, pollution, loss of crop-land and natural habitats, overuse of oil resources, and so on. Yet cars easily surpass trains or buses as a flexible and convenient
10、mode of personal transport. It is unrealistic to expect people to give up private cars in favor of mass transit. Solution Technical solutions can reduce the pollution problem and increase the fuel efficiency of engines. But fuel consumption and exhaust emissions depend on which cars are preferred by
11、 customers and how they are driven. Many people buy larger cars than they need for daily purposes or waste fuel by driving aggressively. Besides, global car use is increasing at a faster rate than the improvement in emissions and fuel efficiency which technology is now making possible. One solution
12、that has been put forward is the long-term solution of designing cities and neighborhoods so that car journeys are not necessaryall essential services being located within walking distance or easily accessible by public transport. Not only would this save energy and cut carbon dioxide emissions, it
13、would also enhance the quality of community life, putting the emphasis on people instead of cars. Good local government is already bringing this about in some places. But few democratic communities are blessed with the visionand the capitalto make such profound changes in modern lifestyles. A more p
14、ractical way to solve the problem seems to be a combination of mass transit systems for travel into and around cities, with small “low emission“ cars for urban use and larger hybrid or lean burn cars for use elsewhere. Electronically tolled highways might be used to ensure that drivers pay charges g
15、eared to actual road use. Better integration of transport systems is also highly desirable and made more feasible by modern computers. But there are solutions for countries which can afford them. In most developing countries, old cars and old technologies continue to predominate. （分数：71.00）(1).Vehic
16、le pollution is worse in European cities than anywhere else.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Transport by horse would be a useful alternative to motor vehicles.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).Nowadays freight is not carried by water in the United Kingdom.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Most European cities were not designed fo
17、r motor vehicles.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Technology alone cannot solve the problem of vehicle pollution.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).Peoples choice of car and attitude to driving is a factor in the pollution problem.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).Redesigning cities would be a short-term solution.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.N
18、G(8).You will feel_ when breathing because of the overwhelming cars in the street.（分数：7.10）_(9).In most cities in Europe, to adapt to the fast development of motor cars would mean to add_, _ and_.（分数：7.10）_(10).According to the author, the most practical way for wealthy countries will be_.（分数：7.10）_
19、三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.The man wants to attend tomorrows show.B.There arent any tickets left for tonights show.C.There arent any tickets left for tomorrows show.D.The man doesnt want to attend tomorrows show.A.It was a long lecture, but easy to understand.B.It was not as easy as he
20、had thought.C.It was difficult as he had expected.D.It was interesting and easy to follow.A.This apple pie tastes very good.B.His mother likes the pie very much.C.This pie cant match his mothers.D.His mother cant make apple pies.A.Buy a ticket for the ten oclock flight.B.Ask the man to change the ti
21、cket for her.C.Go to the airport immediately.D.Switch to a different flight.A.Spending more time on sightseeing.B.Visiting the city with a group.C.Touring the city on a fine day.D.Taking the man with her on the tour.A.He will only be available in the afternoon.B.Its not his office hour.C.He doesnt h
22、ave time.D.He is too tired after class.A.Four or five days.B.Exactly a week.C.About a week.D.More than two weeks.A.That she will not buy them a present.B.That she will be sorry.C.That she will not quit her job.D.That she will be happy to go away.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.In spring.B.In summer.C.I
23、n autumn.D.In winter.A.Drive them out.B.Request them not to speak their language.C.Request them not to speak so loudly.D.Request them to sleep earlier.A.The food was delicious.B.There were all kinds of food in the restaurant.C.The waiters were very helpful.D.The service is far from satisfactory.A.He
24、 stays up very late at night.B.He has been busy repairing his house.C.He cant finish his tasks on time.D.He is under a lot of stress.A.Go to work on foot.B.Go bicycling.C.Working two days a week.D.Go swimming.A.To help one deal with stress.B.To help one keep fit.C.To help one with sleeping problem.D
25、.To keep one from being too busy.A.They wanted to follow his example.B.They fully supported his undertaking.C.They were puzzled by his decision.D.They were afraid he wasnt fully prepared.A.It is more exciting than space travel.B.It is much cheaper than space travel.C.It is much safer than space trav
26、el.D.It is less time-consuming than space travel.A.They both attract scientists attentionB.They can both be quite challengingC.They are both thought-provoking.D.They may both lead to surprising findings.A.To show how simple the mechanical aids for diving can be.B.To provide an excuse for his changea
27、ble character.C.To explore the philosophical issues of space travel.D.To explain why he took up underwater exploration.A.How to improve your reasoning ability.B.Why classical music is popular with math students.C.The difference between classical music and rock music.D.The effects of music on the res
28、ults of math tests.A.Because it keeps you calm.B.Because it strengthens your memory.C.Because it stimulates your nerve activity.D.Because it improves your problem solving strategies.A.The effects of music do not last long.B.Piano music could interfere with your reasoning ability.C.Music, whether cla
29、ssical or rock, helps improve your memory.D.The more you listen to music, the higher your test scores will be.A.Glasgow.B.Leeds.C.London.D.Bristol.A.Children who cannot speak.B.Teenagers only.C.Scottish children only.D.Children of all ages.A.Teachers and librarians.B.Teachers.C.Specialists.D.Educato
30、rs.A.Pay for their tickets.B.Buy their books there.C.Have their visits arranged in good time.D.Help themselves for books.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Some of the notebooks George Washington kept as a young man are still in (36) 1. They show that he was learning Latin, was very interested in the basics
31、 of good behavior in society, and was reading English (37) 2. At school he seemed only to have been interested in (38) 3. In fact his formal education was (39) 4 brief for a gentleman, and incomplete. For unlike other young Virginian gentlemen of that day, he did not go to the College of William and
32、 Mary in the Virginian (40) 5 of Williamsburg. In terms of formal (41) 6 then, Washington (42) 7 sharply with some other early American Presidents such as John Adams, Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. In later years, Washington probably regretted his lack of (43) 8 . (44) 9, or on any subject that
33、 had not to do with everyday, practical matters. (45) 10, he did not visit the country he admired so much. (46) 11. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)According to a survey, which was based on the responses of
34、 over 188,000 students, todays traditional-age college freshmen are “more materialistic and less altruistic (利他主义的 )“ than at any time in the 17 years of the poll. Not surprising in these hard times, the students major objective is to be financially well off. Less important than ever is developing a
35、 meaningful philosophy of life. It follows then that today the most popular course is not literature or history but accounting. Interest in teaching, social service and the “altruistic“ fields is at a low. On the other hand, enrollment in business programs, engineering and computer science is way up
36、. Thats no surprise either. A friend of mine (a sales representative for a chemical company) was making twice the salary of her college instructors her first year on the job - even before she completed her two-year associate degree. While its true that we all need a career, it is equally true that o
37、ur civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledge in fields far removed from our own and that we are better for our understanding of these other contributions - be they scientific or artistic. It is equally true that, in studying the diverse wisdom of others, we learn how to think. M
38、ore important, perhaps, education teaches us to see the connections between things, as well as to see beyond our immediate needs. Weekly we read of unions who went on strike for higher wages, only to drive their employer out of business. No company; no job. How shortsighted in the long run! But the
39、most important argument for a broad education is that in studying the accumulated wisdom of the ages, we improve our moral sense. I saw a cartoon recently which shows a group of businessmen looking puzzled as they sit around a conference table; one of them is talking on the intercom (对讲机): “Miss Bax
40、ter, he says, “could you please send in someone who can distinguish right from wrong? From the long-term point of view, thats what education really ought to be about. （分数：177.50）(1).According to the authors observation, college students_.（分数：35.50）A.have never been so materialistic as todayB.have ne
41、ver been so interested in the artsC.have never been so financially well off as todayD.have never attached so much importance to moral sense(2).The students criteria for selecting majors today have much to do with_.（分数：35.50）A.the influences of their instructorsB.the financial goals they seek in life
42、C.their own interpretations of the coursesD.their understanding of the contributions of others(3).By saying “While its true that, be they scientific or artistic (Lines 1-3, Para. 5), the author means that_.（分数：35.50）A.business management should be included in educational programsB.human wisdom has a
43、ccumulated at an extraordinarily high speedC.human intellectual development has reached new heightsD.the importance of a broad education should not be overlooked(4).Studying the diverse wisdom of others can_.（分数：35.50）A.create varying artistic interestsB.help people see things in their right perspec
44、tiveC.help improve connections among peopleD.regulate the behavior of modern people(5).Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?（分数：35.50）A.Businessmen absorbed in their career are narrow-minded.B.Managers often find it hard to tell right from wrong.C.People engaged in tech
45、nical jobs lead a more rewarding life.D.Career seekers should not focus on immediate interests only.Foxes and farmers have never got on well. These small dog-like animals have long been accused of killing farm animals. They are officially classified as harmful and farmers try to keep their numbers d
46、own by shooting or poisoning them. Farmers can also call on the services of their local hunt to control the fox population. Hunting consists of pursuing a fox across the countryside, with a group of specially trained dogs, followed by men and women riding horses. When the dogs eventually catch the f
47、ox, they kill it or a hunter shoots it. People who take part in hunting think of it as a sport; they wear a special uniform of red coats and white trousers, and follow strict codes of behavior. But owning a horse and hunting regularly is expensive, so most hunters are wealthy. It is estimated that up to 100,000 people watch or take part in fox hunting. But over the last couple of decades the number of people opposed to fox hunting, because they think it is brutal (残酷的) , has risen sharply. Nowadays it is rare for a hunt
