1、专业英语四级（听力）模拟试卷 158及答案与解析 SECTION A TALK In this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word (s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptabl
2、e. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 Online University Degrees Through Distance Education More and more universities around the world are offering online language courses for foreign students to obtain degrees. Distance education
3、or distance learning focuses on teaching methods and technology with the aim of【 T1】 teaching.【 T1】 _ I. The benefits of studying online vs. going abroad 1. Studying online The costs are lower. Students can learn at their own pace. Students have【 T2】 to the materials 24-hours-a-day from any【 T2】 _ c
4、omputer. Students have no【 T3】 of adapting to a new culture and way of life.【 T3】 _ 2. Going abroad Students can get the human interaction face to face. Students have【 T4】 opportunities to learn a new culture.【 T4】 _ Students can meet new friends to practice the language. Students have chances to se
5、e different parts of the world. II. The reasons why distance education develops rapidly 1. Expanding access: it offers greater possibility of【 T5】【 T5】 _ 2.【 T6】 capacity constraints: it reduces traditional classroom limitations.【 T6】 _ 3. Making money from emerging markets: institutions can benefit
6、 from peoples demand of【 T7】 by adopting distance education.【 T7】 _ 4. Catalyst for institutional transformation: it acts as a catalyst for rapid change and innovation. III. The methods of delivery of continuing education 1. Traditional types: classroom lectures and laboratories 2. Distance learning
7、:【 T8】 study: videotaped/CD-ROM material,【 T8】 _ broadcast programming, online/Internet delivery and online interactive courses 3. Conference-type group study: study【 T9】 , seminars/workshops【 T9】 _ 4.【 T10】 education: online education using the Internet【 T10】 _ 1 【 T1】 2 【 T2】 3 【 T3】 4 【 T4】 5 【 T
8、5】 6 【 T6】 7 【 T7】 8 【 T8】 9 【 T9】 10 【 T10】 10 English Synonyms English has the largest vocabulary and the most synonyms of all languages in the world. This richness is due to the constant incorporation of words from other languages. I. The gradual incorporation of words from other languages before
9、 1066, Anglo-Saxon words after 1066, words borrowed from【 T1】【 T1】 _ in【 T2】 , words from Latin and Greek origin【 T2】 _ in modern times, words directly【 T3】 from other languages【 T3】 _ around the world 【 T4】 English【 T4】 _ II. Different kinds of synonyms 1)Synonyms referring to the same thing but of
10、 different【 T5】【 T5】 _ 2)Synonyms referring to different aspects of【 T6】【 T6】 _ plain, prairie, tundra 3)Synonyms of different degrees of【 T7】【 T7】 _ teach, educate, instruct, school, tutor 4)Synonyms of different degrees of【 T8】【 T8】 _ “go to bed“ vs. “【 T9】 “【 T9】 _ Correct choice of words is very
11、 important to the【 T10】【 T10】 _ expression of what one wants to say. 11 【 T1】 12 【 T2】 13 【 T3】 14 【 T4】 15 【 T5】 16 【 T6】 17 【 T7】 18 【 T8】 19 【 T9】 20 【 T10】 专业英语四级（听力）模拟试卷 158答案与解析 SECTION A TALK In this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look
12、 at ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word (s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 【听力原文】 Online University Degrees T
13、hrough Distance Education More and more universities around the world are offering opportunities for students to obtain degrees online from the comfort of their own homes, and many of these institutions are accredited, meaning that they have met certain standards of excellence. (1)Distance education
14、 or distance learning is a field of education that focuses on teaching methods and technology with the aim of delivering teaching, often on an individual basis, to students who are not physically present in a traditional educational setting such as a classroom. If you decide to take language courses
15、 online or any subject for that matter, be sure to evaluate the benefits of studying online vs. going abroad. The advantages of studying online are that the costs are usually lower, you can study at your own pace, and(2)you have access to the materials 24-hours-a-day from almost any computer in the
16、world. However, you wont get the human interaction of meeting people face to face like you would if you were physically attending a school overseas. On the other hand,(4)the advantages of going overseas may include day-to-day opportunities to learn a new culture, meet new friends with whom you can u
17、se and practice the language, and chances to see different parts of the world.(3)However, there may be a number of disadvantages for some including expense, time away from ones school, family, or work life, and the challenge of adapting to a new culture and way of life. Diana G. Obliger, writing spe
18、cifically of the US context, has identified four broad reasons why educational institutions might embrace distance learning: Expanding access: distance education can assist in meeting the demand for education and training demand from the general populace and businesses,(5)especially because it offer
19、s greater possibility of flexibility. (6)Alleviate capacity constraints: being mostly or entirely conducted off-site, the system reduces the demand on institutional infrastructure such as buildings. (7)Making money from emerging markets: she claims an increasing acceptance from the population of the
20、 value of lifelong learning, beyond the normal schooling age, and that institutions can benefit financially from this by adopting distance education. Catalyst for institutional transformation: the competitive modern marketplace demands rapid change and innovation, for which she believes distance edu
21、cation programs can act as a catalyst. The method of delivery of continuing education can include traditional types of classroom lectures and laboratories. However,(8)much continuing education makes heavy use of distance learning, which not only includes independent study, but which can include vide
22、otaped/CD-ROM material, broadcast programming, online/Internet delivery and online interactive courses. In addition to independent study,(9)the conference-type group study, which can include study networks as well as different types of seminars/workshops, can be used to facilitate learning. (10)Virt
23、ual education is a term describing online education using the Internet. This term is used in K-12 schooling, often to refer to cyber schools, and in higher education, where so-called Virtual Universities have been established. A virtual program is a study program in which all courses, or at least a
24、significant portion of the courses, are virtual courses. 【知识模块】 讲座 1 【正确答案】 delivering 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。演讲者在第二段开头就对 distance education(远程教育 )进行了定义，指出远程教育十分关注教学方法和技术，目的是提供教学 focuses onteaching methods and technology with the aim of delivering teaching。因此填入 delivering。 【知识模块】 讲座 2 【正确答案】 access 【试题解析】 本题
25、为细节题。此处提到在线学习的优势之一： you have access to the materials24-hours-a-day from almost any computer in the world，即可以使用世界上的任何一台电脑，在一天内的任何时间访问网络资料。因此填入 access。 【知识模块】 讲座 3 【正确答案】 challenge 【试题解析】 本题为推断题。本题考查在线学习的优势，也就是出国留学的弊端： However， there may be a number of disadvantages for some including expenseand thech
26、allenge of adapting to a new culture and way of life 由此推断，学习者通过在线学习无需面对新文化以及新生活方式的挑战。因此填入challenge。 【知识模块】 讲座 4 【正确答案】 day-to-day 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。此处提到出国留学的好处： the advantages of going overseasmay include day-to-day opportunities to learn a new culture， meet new friends with whom youcan use and practice
27、 the language，即出国留学的优势包括每天都有机会学习新的文化，结交新的朋友，并与他们使用和练习外语。因此填入 day-to-day。 【知识模块】 讲座 5 【正确答案】 flexibility 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。远程教育之所以能够发展迅速，其中一个原因是它不断增长的使用率 。这是因为： it offers greater possibility of flexibility，即远程教育更具灵活性。因此填入 flexibility。 【知识模块】 讲座 6 【正确答案】 Alleviate 【试题解析】 本题为要点题。此处考查远程教育发展迅速的第二个原因：Alleviat
28、e capacityconstraints，即消除容量限制。因此填入 Alleviate。 【知识模块】 讲座 7 【正确答案】 lifelong learning 【试题解析】 本题 为概括题。本题考查远程教育迅速发展的第三个原因：Makingmoney from emerging markets，各大高校开设远程教育课程也是从市场效益的角度考虑，讲座中提到 an increasing acceptance from the population of the value of lifelong learning，越来越多的人意识到了终生学习的重要性，远程教育就有了自己的市场。因此填入 li
29、felonglearning。 【知识模块】 讲座 8 【正确答案】 independent 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。此处考查继续教育的学习途径：不仅包括independentstudy，即独立学习或者自学，还包括学习相关材料的录像带、广播节目、在线教学以及在线互动课程。因此填入 independent。 【知识模块】 讲座 9 【正确答案】 networks 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。此处考查会议型团体学习的具体内容： the conferencetypegroup study， which can include study networks as well as different
30、 types of seminars workshops，即包括学习网络以及不同类型的研讨会。因此填入 networks。 【知识模块】 讲座 10 【正确答案】 Virtual 【试题解析】 本题为要点题。讲座结尾处提到了虚拟教育： Virtual education is a termdescribing online education using the Internet即虚拟教育是描述利用网络进行在线教育的术语。因此填入 Virtual，意为 “虚拟的，虚构的 ”。 【知识模块】 讲座 10 【听力原文】 English Synonyms In todays lecture, wel
31、l deal with the incorporation and the variations of the English synonyms. English has the largest vocabulary and the most synonyms of any language in the world. This richness is due to the fact that the English language has grown over centuries by constantly incorporating words from other languages.
32、 Even before the Norman Conquest in 1066, the Anglo-Saxon vocabulary included words borrowed from Latin, Greek, Celtic and Scandinavian.(1)After the Norman Conquest, the English vocabulary was doubled by the addition of French words, especially those words reflecting a higher stand, and a more compl
33、ex social life. While much of the new French vocabulary described new ideas and activities, much of it duplicated the pre-existing Anglo-Saxon vocabulary, thus giving the writer or speaker a choice of synonyms: cure or heal, labour or work, burglary or stealing. (2)With the enormous expansion of cla
34、ssical learning in the Renaissance, there was a great influx of words from Latin and Greek origin into the English language. Also, the larger world discovered through travel and exploration was a great stimulus to culture and language. (3)In modern times, as some English-speaking people traded and t
35、raveled around the world, their adventures also expanded the vocabulary. Words were borrowed directly from Dutch, Spanish, American Indian, Eastern Indian, Italian, Australian, Mexican, Japanese, Malay and many others. Furthermore, the United States, as a separate nation with its own life and charac
36、ter and institutions, has added vastly to the English vocabulary.(4)With the rise of the United States to a position of world influence in politics, science, industry, trade and popular arts, American words and phrases have gained recognition and prestige everywhere. Moreover, American terminology f
37、or many things exists side by side with an English terminology, thus placing another whole group of synonyms at our service. So we can see that synonyms in English are of many kinds.(5)Some groups of synonyms are just words of different origins but refer to the same thing.(6)Some groups, like plain,
38、 prairie, tundra, refer to geographical variants of the same kind of thing.(7)Other groups of synonyms, like teach, educate, instruct, school, tutor, differ from one another principally in degrees of abstraction: teach is certainly the most general word of this group, while the others are more speci
39、alized in application. (8)Some differences in locution reveal differences in the degree of formality of the occasions described. Sometimes different locutions reveal differences not in the situations described but in the formality of discourse about them. For instance, “he went to bed“ as compared t
40、o “he hit the sack“. “Hit the sack“ is a more informal phrase which many young people are using when they go home tired after finishing a whole days work. In a word, nothing is so important to clear and accurate expression as the ability to distinguish between words of similar, but not identical mea
41、ning. The study of synonyms will help us to say what we really want to say. Thats all for todays lecture. Thank you. 【知识模块】 讲座 11 【正确答案】 French 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。讲座第一部分的内容是：英语与其他语言的融合。此处提到第二个方面的融合 诺曼征服之后，法语对英语产生的影响： After the Norman Conquest， the English vocabulary was doubled by the addition of French
42、words。因此填入 French。 【知识模块】 讲座 12 【正确答案】 the Renaissance 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。此处提到英语与其他语言融合的第三个时期，即theRenaissance(文艺复兴时期 )。讲座提到 With the enormous expansion of classical learningin the Renaissance， there was a great influx of words from Latin and Greek origin into theEnglish language这一时期主要是拉丁语和希腊语的大量并人。故填入 th
43、e Renaissance。 【知识模块】 讲座 13 【正确答案】 borrowed 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。此处提到第四个阶段，即近现代英语的发展： In moderntimes， as some Englishspeaking people traded and traveled around the world， theiradventures also expanded the vocabulary Words were borrowed directly from Dutch， Spanish， and many others 一些说英语的人在全球进行贸易和旅行扩大了英语的词汇
44、，使英语直接借用了其他国家的语言词汇。因此应填入 borrowed。 【知识模块】 讲座 14 【正确答案】 American 【试题解析 】 本题为要点题。此处主要提到美国英语对英语发展的促进作用：With therise of the United States to a position of world influence in politics，science， industry， tradeand popular arts， American words and phrases have gained recognition and prestigeeverywhere因此填入 A
45、merican。 【知识模块】 讲座 15 【正 确答案】 origins 【试题解析】 本题为要点题。讲座第二部分提到了英语同义词的几种不同的类型。此处提到第一种类型： Some groups of synonyms are just words of different origins but refer to thesame thing即词汇的来源不同，但却表示同样的事物。因此填入 origins。 【知识模块】 讲座 16 【正确答案】 the same thing 【试题解析】 本题为要点题。此处为讲座提到的英语同义词的第二种 类型：Somegroups， like plain， p
46、rairie， tundra， refer to geographical variants of the same kind of thing即根据同一事物的不同分类表示同义的现象。因此填入 the same thing。 【知识模块】 讲座 17 【正确答案】 abstraction 【试题解析】 本题为要点题。讲座提到 Other groups of synonyms， like teach，educate， instruct， school， tutor， differ from one another principally in degrees of abstraction 即第三
47、类同义词之间的差别在于其抽象概念有所不同，故填入abstraction。 【知识模块】 讲座 18 【正确答案】 formality 【试题解析】 本题为要点题。讲座提到 Some differences in locution reveal differences in thedegree of formality of the occasions described即习惯用语的不同体现了不同场合的正式程度不同，因此填入 formality。 【知识模块】 讲座 19 【正确答案】 hit the sack 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。讲座在提到习惯用语表示场合的正式程度不同时，举例说明 g
48、o to bed和 hit the sack表达的意思相同，但后者没那么正式。因此填入hit the sack。 【知识模块】 讲座 20 【正确答案】 clear and accurate 【试题解析】 本题为推断题。讲座最后提到 In a word， nothing is so important toclear and accurate expression as the ability to distinguish between words of similar， but notidentical meaning即区分意思相近但不相同的词汇的能力对于清晰、准确的表达非常重要。因此填入 clear and accurate。 【知识模块】 讲座
