1、大学英语四级 170及答案解析(总分：746.57，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter requesting feedback from, consumers. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 1. 代表一家电脑生产厂家给顾客写一封信； 2. 感谢顾客购买自己的产品； 3. 征求
2、一下顾客对产品以及售后服务的意见。 （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)In the United States, the items on a typical dinner plate have traveled between 1,500 and 2,500 miles to get there. That distance has increased by as much as 25 percent over the last 20 years an increase that comes with a series of c
3、onsequences for food, farmers, consumers, local economies and even the global climate. Starting last fall on Tufts Medford/ Somerville campus, students had the chance to lower the overall mileage(里程)of their lunches when the dining hall offered apples grown in nearby Topsfield, Mass. Part of the Har
4、vest Food Festival, the “make-your-own-caramel (饴糖) -apple“ display featured (特出展示) six different locally grown apple varieties. The popular Tufts Dining Services program was part of ongoing efforts to increase the amount of local produce (农产品) available on Tufts campuses. Friedman School Ph.D. stud
5、ent Melissa Bailey is one of those devoted to the cause. Combining her interests in sustainable agriculture and public policy, Bailey took it upon herself to breathe new life into the Tufts Food Awareness Project, a group launched by Tufts graduate students in the 1990s to raise awareness about the
6、environmental, social and health issues connected to food production. “It was a great start, and there had been a lot of student backing and interest,“ Bailey says. “But when the students graduate, the idea sort of graduates with them if its not institutionalized as part of the community.“ So Bailey
7、 joined forces with Julie Lampie, nutrition marketing specialist for Dining Services, in whom she found an enthusiastic ally, and secured a grant from the Tufts Institute for the Environment to pay graduate students Bryanna Millis and Georgia Kayser to work on the project. Together, the team works t
8、o raise awareness, solve problems and forge partnerships among the primary players: Tufts chefs, major food distributors and local farmers. Bailey and Lampie who work on the project mainly as a labor of love also seek to raise awareness among the student body to the point where student demand drives
9、 the addition of local produce to Tufts menus. On caramel apple night, their outreach (达到的范围) took the form of informational posters about the Connemara House Apple Farm and Guinee family who plant and tend the apple trees. They also described the personal and global benefits of eating locally grown
10、 produce. “Of course the students loved making caramel apples, but it also gave them an education,“ Bailey says. “Its not up to me to make an ethical appeal to them, but they need to have the information to be able to make an informed choice.“ From farm to fork What are the benefits of buying local?
11、 Obviously, produce making the trip from Topsfield to Medford requires less sossil (化石) fuel to get it from farm to dining hall than apples grown in Washington State. Using less gasoline means reducing the amount of greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere. Shorter trips also require less energ
12、y-consuming refrigeration and waste-producing packaging. Some experts estimate that globe-travelling produce can require up to four times as much energy as an equivalent amount of local food and account for four times the greenhouse gas emissions (释放) . Then theres the amount of energy, water, pesti
13、cides and fertilizers that go into raising produce. “If you grow things that are suited to your climate locally,“ Bailey explains, “you might not need as many of these inputs on the front end to grow things.“ Since the terrorist attacks of September 11,2001, homeland security experts have even noted
14、 that food is more vulnerable to sabotage (破坏) the longer the distance from farm to fork. Recent decades have witnessed the rise of centralized, corporate agriculture; just 10 multinational companies produce more than half of the products available in the average supermarket. That puts the nations f
15、ood supply at greater risk for contamination (污染) whether intentional or unintentional, as with mad cow disease or E.coli outbreaks. Similarly, if the nations transportation systems were ever disabled, many cities and towns would run out of food within a day or two. But as the interest in consuming
16、locally grown produce blossoms, the number of farmers markets in the United States has doubled in the last decade. That means a safer and more constant food supply for people lucky enough to live near these 3,100 markets. The Worldwatch Institute estimates consumers are spending some $1 billion annu
17、ally at local fanners markets, pouring that money into their regional economies. A large institution like Tufts buying locally grown produce is a boom to the Massachusetts economy. “The local farms will increasingly benefit, given the volume that we use,“ Bailey says. “The Guinees love farming apple
18、s, and they just saw this as a great community partnership.“ But even those of us who dont always think quite so globally still have reason to choose locally grown foods. Many varieties of fruits and veggies have actually been bred for features that will help them survive the trip, not necessarily e
19、nhance their flavor. Double-blind taste tests show people simply find local foods fresher, tastier and more appealing. Bailey says that Tufts dining staff have been enthusiastic partners, too, rising to the creative challenge of creating menus based solely on whats locally available. “The chefs Juli
20、e Lampie works with were great,“ she says. “They came up with new recipes (食谱) using local butternut squash to make soups.“ Winter of our discontent With all the attractive reasons to serve local foods in Tufts dining halls, there is one, long, cold problem. “The limitation is the winter, basically,
21、“ Lampie laments. “There is so little available for the majority of the school year, which is really frustrating. The California schools have a huge advantage.“ In New England, the growing season is short. From June through September, Massachusetts farmers produce everything from apples to watermelo
22、ns. But after September, only Octobers apples, cranberries, cabbages, potatoes and squashes remain for chefs to work with until early veggies like asparagus come up in the spring. “The next step would be twofold: One, to find out what the earliest produce would be and when we could get them, and, tw
23、o, give the chefs time to prepare,“ Bailey says. “Its up to them to integrate the information into their menus, but we need to provide it first.“ Another issue is food preparation. When foods like potatoes or butternut squash come from national vendors, they arrive in cans pre-peeled (预先削皮的) and cub
24、ed (切成方块的) . Lettuce often arrives washed, chopped or shredded. Industry insiders call these prepped and ready-to-go bulk foods “value-added.“ But neither the local farms nor Tufts has the labor and facilities to process, say, Maine potatoes this way. “For Tufts, the labor costs of having the staff
25、peel hundreds of potatoes,“ Bailey says, “its just not feasible (可行的) .“ “Thats something were investigating. Maybe it should be a student job to pick up the produce once a week and bring it to the dining facility,“ says Bailey. “There are obstacles, but I think there are lots of opportunities to ov
26、ercome those obstacles when you consider the resources we have at Tufts.“ （分数：71.00）(1).The article is about how people in the United States have to travel about 1,500 to 2,500 miles to get the typical dinner plates.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Bailey has secured a grant to encourage the Tufts chefs to in
27、crease the amount of local produce on Tufts campuses.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).Buying local food means the consumption of less energy and less green house gas emissions.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Americas food supply is exposed to great danger.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Consumers spending on the local food can
28、 help to boost the local economy.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).If you dont care about the connection between food production and global environment, you dont have enough reason to buy locally grown food.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).Tufts school will get the staff in the cafeteria to give the added-value to the l
29、ocal produce.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).Tufts Food Awareness Project was launched to raise awareness about_ connected to food production.（分数：7.10）_(9).Bailey thinks the posters they give can provide students with the necessary information for them to make a sensible food choice, and she doesnt want to m
30、ake_.（分数：7.10）_(10).The chefs in the Tufts cafeteria have put forward new recipes based_.（分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.The wind has stopped, but its still snowing.B.The snow has stopped.C.Its still snowing and the wind is blowing.D.Both the snow and the wind have stopped.A.He wil
31、l take a summer course.B.He will stay at home.C.He will remain at school.D.He will visit some places.A.At home.B.On a farm.C.At a birthday party.D.In a restaurant.A.The man has just started talking to the woman.B.The man has just finished talking to the woman.C.The man and the woman are husband and
32、wife.D.The man and the woman are indifferent to each other.A.Cooler and drier.B.Cooler and rainier.C.Warmer and drier.D.Warmer and rainier.A.The train is crowded.B.The train is late.C.The train is empty.D.The train is on time.A.She misplaced class card for biology.B.She arrived for registration too
33、early.C.She missed registration.D.The man cannot spell her name.A.In the restaurant.B.At the railway station.C.In the post office.D.At the airport.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.Dr. Philips and his book on plagues.B.Old diseases on the comeback and the reasons.C.Diseases and their battles against huma
34、ns control.D.Cholera, its death and its revival.A.They were given the food prepared in an infected country.B.Some of the victims spread the disease among the passengers.C.All of the victims had contracted the disease before boarding.D.They themselves were not strong enough to resist the infection.A.
35、It caused the highest number of deaths in cholera history.B.It was transmitted and spread among airline passengers.C.It suddenly appeared in one of the countries in Latin America.D.It was the most violent, widespread infection among all epidemics.A.International travel and commerce.B.Lack of efficie
36、nt public health system.C.Technology in food processing industry.D.Unhealthy eating habits of people.A.In the financial office.B.In the library.C.In the classroom.D.In the dining hall.A.It is popular among students.B.It demands a lot of time.C.It is very boring.D.It is easy.A.Quit the Psychology cla
37、ss.B.Quit the Geology class.C.Ask the woman to help him with his study.D.Visit the financial office again.A.At a party.B.Through online chatting.C.On the phone.D.At a meeting.A.Through the living-room window.B.Through the kitchen window.C.The door was unclosed.D.The neighbor gave the key.A.The frien
38、d was very hungry.B.There were eggs and chicken in the refrigerator.C.He would come late.D.The friend was good at cooking.A.The friend was expecting to stay with him.B.There was no key under the door-mat.C.The friend has a wonderful meal in his absence.D.The friend got into the neighbors flat.A.Beau
39、ty.B.Loyalty.C.Luck.D.Durability.A.He wanted to follow the tradition of his country.B.He believed that it symbolized an everlasting marriage.C.It was thought that a blood vessel in that finger led directly to the heart.D.It was supposed that the diamond on that finger would bring good luck.A.The two
40、 people can learn about each others likes and dislikes.B.The two people can have time to decide if they are a good match.C.The two people can have time to shop for their new home.D.The two people can earn enough money for their wedding.A.They read poetry aloud.B.They delivered a speech.C.They took o
41、bjective tests.D.They exchanged opinions with some people in a particular field.A.Twenty years ago.B.Three hundred years ago.C.Two centuries ago.D.At the beginning of the 20th century.A.There are more candidates than before.B.The modern industry is developing slowly.C.The written examinations are mu
42、ch easier than before.D.The written examinations are more subjective than the spoken ones.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Very few people can get a college degree before the age of 11, but Michael was an (36) 1. He started high school when he was only 5, finishing in just nine months. He became the (37)
43、2 youngest college graduate when he was 10 years and 4 months old, earning an (38) 3 degree. Now at 11 Michaels working on a masters degree in (39) 4 intelligence. But Michaels (40) 5 hasnt always come easy. (41) 6 his intelligence, he still lacks important life (42) 7. In one class, he had to strug
44、gle to understand (43) 8 novels, because, as he says, “Im 11. Ive never been in love before.“ Another challenge was his size. (44) 9. He likes computers so much (45) 10. He wants to make robots do all the heavy tasks. (46) 11. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_
45、填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)A lot of people dont like to give waiters extra money a tip, but maybe those people dont understand about waitresses and waiters. You see, we get very low wages, most of the time less than the minimum wage. We count on the tips as part of our sala
46、ry. If waiter and waitresses didnt get tips, they wouldnt get enough money to live. People ask me, “Whats a good tip?“ I like to get 15% of the bill. So if a customer has to pay $20.00 for her dinner, I like to get about $3.00 for a tip. Sometimes I expect 20% if I did a lot work for the customer. F
47、or example, if I got her a special kind of food or recipe from the chef. But do you know something? Very often its the person you work the most for who gives you the smallest tips. But to tell the truth, I do pretty well with tips. Im a friendly person, so people like me. They talk to me during their meal and leave me a good tip. Of course some people prefer a quiet waitress and every once in a while I get some pretty small tip or no tip at all. Once I looked up “tipping“ in a dictionary. It said that the letters in the word “tip“ stand f
