1、公共英语四级-170 及答案解析(总分：80.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Everyone knows that taxation is necessary in a modern state: 1 it, it would not be possible to pay the soldiers and policemen who protect us; 2 the workers in government offices who 3 our health, our food, our water, and all 4
2、things that we can not do for ourselves. By 5 of taxation, we pay for things that we need as 6 as we need somewhere to live and something to eat. In most countries, a direct tax on persons, 7 is called income tax, exists. It is arranged in such a way that the poorest people pay 8 , and the percentag
3、e of tax grows greater as the taxpayer“s 9 grows. In England, for example, the tax on the 10 people goes up as high as ninety-five percent! But countries with direct taxation nearly always have 11 taxation too. Many things imported into the country have to pay taxes or“duties“. 12 , it is the men an
4、d women who buy the imported things in the shops who really 13 pay the duties, in the 14 of higher prices. In some countries, too, there is a tax 15 things sold in the shops. If the most necessary things are taxed, a lot of money is collected, but the poor people suffer 16 . If unnecessary things li
5、ke jewels and fur coats are taxed, 17 is obtained, but the tax is fairer, as the 18 pay it. Probably this last kind of indirect tax, 19 with a direct on incomes which is low for the poor and high for the rich, is 20 arrangement.（分数：20.00）A.because ofB.instead ofC.withD.withoutA.soB.norC.notD.allA.lo
6、ok afterB.sympathizeC.considerD.seeA.otherB.othersC.the otherD.manyA.meanB.meansC.a meansD.the meansA.manyB.wellC.moreD.muchA.whichB.whatC.thatD.itA.a lotB.mostC.nothingD.moreA.incomeB.populationC.taxD.amountA.poorB.workingC.richD.richestA.noB.incomeC.indirectD.directA.HoweverB.SoC.Of courseD.By cha
7、nceA.have toB.willC.are willing toD.shouldA.wayB.formC.nameD.termsA.aboutB.onC.forD.formA.leastB.highlyC.lessD.mostA.less moneyB.more moneyC.fewer moneyD.most moneyA.peopleB.poorC.richD.countryA.includingB.alongC.dealingD.andA.the bestB.the worstC.goodD.better二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Pas
8、sage 1(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Parents now have a popular belief that schools are no longer interested in spelling. No school I have taught in has ever ignored spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill. There are, however, greatly different ideas about how to teach it or how much priority (优先) it
9、 must be given over general language development and writing ability. The problem is that how to encourage a child to express himself freely and confidently in writing without holding him back with the complexities of spelling. If spelling becomes the only focal point of his teacher“s interest, clea
10、rly a bright child will be likely to “play safe“. He will be prone to write only words within his spelling range, choosing to avoid adventurous language. That“s why teachers often encourage the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability. I was once shocked t
11、o read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personal experience: “This work is terrible! There are far too many spelling errors and your writing is illegible (难以辨认的). “It may have been a sharp criticism of the pupil“s technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection
12、on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay, which included some beautiful expressions of the child“s deep feelings. The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centred on the child“s ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would
13、 have given the pupil more motivation (动力) to seek improvement.（分数：5.00）(1).Teachers are different in their opinions about _.（分数：1.00）A.the difficulties in teaching spellingB.the role of spelling in general language developmentC.the complexities of the basic writing skillsD.the necessity of teaching
14、 spelling(2).The expression “play safe“ probably means _.（分数：1.00）A.to write carefullyB.to do as teachers sayC.to use dictionaries frequentlyD.to avoid using words one is not sure of(3).Teachers encourage the use of dictionaries so that _.（分数：1.00）A.students will be able to express their ideas more
15、freelyB.students will have more confidence in writingC.teachers will have less trouble in correcting mistakesD.students will learn to be independent of teachers(4).The writer seems to think that the teacher“s judgement on that sensitive piece of writing is（分数：1.00）A.unfairB.reasonableC.foolishD.care
16、less(5).The major point discussed in the, passage is _.（分数：1.00）A.the importance of developing writing skillsB.the complexities of spellingC.the correct way of marking compositionsD.the relationship between spelling and the content of a composition五、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：5.00)The “standard of living“ o
17、f any country means the average person“s share of the goods and services which the country produces. A country“s standard of living, therefore, depends first and foremost on its capacity to produce wealth. “Wealth“ in this sense is not money, for we do not live on money but on things that money can
18、buy: “goods“ such as food and clothing, and “services“ such as transport and entertainment. A country“s capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors, most of which have an effect on one another. Wealth depends to a great extent upon a county“s natural resources, such as coal, gold, and other
19、 minerals, water supply and so on. Some regions of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals, and have a fertile soil and a favorable climate; other regions possess perhaps only one of these things, and some regions possess none of them. The USA is one of the wealthiest regions of the world
20、 because she had vast natural resources within her borders, her soil is fertile, and her climate is varied. The Sahara Desert, on the other hand, is one of the least wealthy. Next to natural resources comes the ability to turn them to use. China is perhaps as well off as the USA in natural resources
21、, but suffered for many years from civil and external wars, and for this and other reasons was unable to develop her resources. Sound political conditions, and freedom from foreign invasion, enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, and to produce more wealth than an
22、other country equally well served by nature but less well ordered. Another important factor is the technical efficiency of a country“s people. Old countries that have, through many centuries, trained up numerous skilled craftsmen and technicians are better placed to produce wealth than countries who
23、se workers are largely unskilled. Wealth also produces wealth. As a country becomes wealthier, its people have a large margin for saving, and can put their savings into factories and machines which will help workers to turn out more goods in their working day.（分数：5.00）(1).A country“s wealth depends
24、upon_.（分数：1.00）A.its standard of livingB.its moneyC.its ability to provide goods and servicesD.its ability to provide transport and entertainment(2).The word “foremost“ in Paragraph 1 means_.（分数：1.00）A.most importantlyB.firstlyC.largelyD.for the most part(3).The main idea of the second paragraph is
25、that_.（分数：1.00）A.a country“s wealth depends on many factorsB.the USA is one of the wealthiest countries in the worldC.the Sahara Desert is a very poor regionD.natural resources are an important factor in the wealth or poverty of a country(4).The word “civil“ refers to wars that are_.（分数：1.00）A.long-
26、lastingB.fought between one part of a country and anotherC.short but frequentD.carried out according to the international law(5).Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?（分数：1.00）A.Countries with numerous skilled craftsmen and technicians are more likely to produce weal
27、th.B.People of a wealthy country are likely to have higher living standard.C.A country with rich natural resources is certainly wealthy.D.A country“s capacity to produce wealth is subject to many factors.六、Section Writing(总题数：2，分数：50.00)1.You are required to write a composition about the trend of ag
28、ed people to live alone. Your composition should contain the following points. (1)Present situation. (2)Possible reasons for such situation. (3)Your own opinion. You should write 160-:200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. （分数：25.00）_2.The Students“ Union of your university is planning to hold an arts festiva
29、l next semester, and they are inviting students to contribute their ideas and suggestions as to how it should be organized or what should be included. Write an essay on the topic My Idea of A University Arts Festival to state your opinion. In your essay, you should (1)state specifically what your id
30、ea is, (2) provide one or two reasons to support your idea or describe your idea, and (3) draw a natural conclusion. You should write 160200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. （分数：25.00）_公共英语四级-170 答案解析(总分：80.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Everyone knows that taxation is necessary in a mode
31、rn state: 1 it, it would not be possible to pay the soldiers and policemen who protect us; 2 the workers in government offices who 3 our health, our food, our water, and all 4 things that we can not do for ourselves. By 5 of taxation, we pay for things that we need as 6 as we need somewhere to live
32、and something to eat. In most countries, a direct tax on persons, 7 is called income tax, exists. It is arranged in such a way that the poorest people pay 8 , and the percentage of tax grows greater as the taxpayer“s 9 grows. In England, for example, the tax on the 10 people goes up as high as ninet
33、y-five percent! But countries with direct taxation nearly always have 11 taxation too. Many things imported into the country have to pay taxes or“duties“. 12 , it is the men and women who buy the imported things in the shops who really 13 pay the duties, in the 14 of higher prices. In some countries
34、, too, there is a tax 15 things sold in the shops. If the most necessary things are taxed, a lot of money is collected, but the poor people suffer 16 . If unnecessary things like jewels and fur coats are taxed, 17 is obtained, but the tax is fairer, as the 18 pay it. Probably this last kind of indir
35、ect tax, 19 with a direct on incomes which is low for the poor and high for the rich, is 20 arrangement.（分数：20.00）A.because ofB.instead ofC.withD.without 解析：本句意为“没有了它，就不可能付钱给保护我们的士兵和警察。”A.soB.nor C.notD.all解析：nor“也不能”，本句意为“也不能支付政府办公室里的工作人员”。A.look after B.sympathizeC.considerD.see解析：look after“照料”，本
36、句意为“照顾我们的健康、食物和水的政府工作人员”。sympathize“同情”，consider“考虑”，see“看见”。A.other B.othersC.the otherD.many解析：all other things “所有其他的东西”，固定用法。A.meanB.means C.a meansD.the means解析：means“途径”，by means of“通过”，固定用法。A.manyB.wellC.moreD.much 解析：as much as“与一样多”，本句意为“我们为我们需要的东西付钱，就像我们需要地方居住，需要东西来吃一样”。A.which B.whatC.tha
37、tD.it解析：空后的句子是一个非限制性定语从句，用来修饰“a direct tax on persons”，所以应当选which 做引导词。A.a lotB.mostC.nothing D.more解析：从后面一句话“随着纳税人收入的增长，纳税百分比也随之增长”可以推断出，最穷的人支付的就当最少。A.income B.populationC.taxD.amount解析：income“收入”。这句话的意思是“随着纳税人收入的增长”，population“人口”，tax“税”，amount“数额”。A.poorB.workingC.richD.richest 解析：本句意为“富人的税率增长了 9
38、5%”。A.noB.incomeC.indirect D.direct解析：indirect“间接”。本句意为“但是征收直接税的国家一般总是会有间接税。”A.HoweverB.SoC.Of course D.By chance解析：of course“当然”。本句意为“当然，实际上是那些购买商店里的进口商品的人需要支付税款。”so“因此”，however“但是”，by chance“偶然”。A.have to B.willC.are willing toD.should解析：have to“必须”，will“会”，be willing to“愿意”，should“应当”。A.wayB.form
39、 C.nameD.terms解析：in the form of“以的形式”，本句意为“以更高价格的形式”。没有 in the way of 的搭配，in the name of“以的名义”，in terms of“在方面”。A.aboutB.on C.forD.form解析：“对的税收”，介词用 on。A.leastB.highlyC.lessD.most 解析：本句意为“如果最为必要的东西，会征收很多钱，但是穷人将损失最多”。A.less money B.more moneyC.fewer moneyD.most money解析：本句意为“如果对像珠宝和皮衣一类的非必需品征税，得到的钱更少些
40、”。A.peopleB.poorC.rich D.country解析：本句意为“但是纳税会更公平，因为富人会支付”。A.includingB.along C.dealingD.and解析：along with “和，与一起”，including“包括”，dealing with “涉及，与有关”，and “和”。A.the best B.the worstC.goodD.better解析：本句意为“这是最好的安排”。二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Parents now have a popular be
41、lief that schools are no longer interested in spelling. No school I have taught in has ever ignored spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill. There are, however, greatly different ideas about how to teach it or how much priority (优先) it must be given over general language development a
42、nd writing ability. The problem is that how to encourage a child to express himself freely and confidently in writing without holding him back with the complexities of spelling. If spelling becomes the only focal point of his teacher“s interest, clearly a bright child will be likely to “play safe“.
43、He will be prone to write only words within his spelling range, choosing to avoid adventurous language. That“s why teachers often encourage the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability. I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writi
44、ng about a personal experience: “This work is terrible! There are far too many spelling errors and your writing is illegible (难以辨认的). “It may have been a sharp criticism of the pupil“s technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay,
45、which included some beautiful expressions of the child“s deep feelings. The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centred on the child“s ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation (动力) to seek
46、 improvement.（分数：5.00）(1).Teachers are different in their opinions about _.（分数：1.00）A.the difficulties in teaching spellingB.the role of spelling in general language development C.the complexities of the basic writing skillsD.the necessity of teaching spelling解析：文章第一段第二行：There are however, greatly d
47、ifferent ideas about how to teach it or how much priority it must be given over general language development and writing ability.(2).The expression “play safe“ probably means _.（分数：1.00）A.to write carefullyB.to do as teachers sayC.to use dictionaries frequentlyD.to avoid using words one is not sure
48、of 解析：文章第二段第二行：He will be prone to write only words within his spelling range, choosing to avoid adventurous language.(3).Teachers encourage the use of dictionaries so that _.（分数：1.00）A.students will be able to express their ideas more freelyB.students will have more confidence in writing C.teachers
49、 will have less trouble in correcting mistakesD.students will learn to be independent of teachers解析：从文章可知：有了字典，孩子们就可以写起来更自信，不用再“play safe”。(4).The writer seems to think that the teacher“s judgement on that sensitive piece of writing is（分数：1.00）A.unfair B.reasonableC.foolishD.careless解析：从作者的语气可推测，作者对那种老师的做法是批评的。(5).The maj
