1、大学英语四级 50 及答案解析(总分：746.58，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay in honor of teachers on the occasion of “Teachers Day”. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1.向老师致以节日祝贺 2.从一件难忘的事回忆老师的教诲和无
2、私的奉献 3.我如何回报老师的关爱 （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)SURVIVING IN SPACE Motion sickness troubles more than two-thirds of all astronauts upon reaching orbit, even veteran test pilots who have never been airsick. Though everyone recovers after a few days in space, body systems continue t
3、o change. Deprived(丧失) of gravity information, a confused brain creates visual illusions. Body fluids surge to chest and head. The heart enlarges slightly, as do other organs. Sensing too much fluid, the body begins to discharge it, including calcium, electrolytes (解液) and blood plasma (血浆). The pro
4、duction of red blood ceils decreases, rendering astronauts slightly anaemic (贫血的). With the loss of fluid, legs shrink. Spinal (脊骨的) discs expand, and so does the astronaut-who may gain five centimeters and suffer backache. Though the .process may sound terrible, astronauts adjust to k, come to enjo
5、y it and seem no worse for wear-at least for short missions such as space shuttle flights that last a week or two. During longer flights, however, physiology enters an unknown realm. As director of Russias Institute for Biomedical Problems from 1968 to 1988, Oleg Gazenko watched cosmonauts return fr
6、om long flights unable to stand without fainting, needing to be carried from the spacecraft. “We are creatures of the Earth,” Gazenko told me. “These changes are the price of a ticket to space“. Americans returning from months-long flights on Mir, the Russian space station, also paid the price, suff
7、ering losses in weight, muscle mass and bone density. NASA geared up to see how-even if-humans would survive the most demanding of space ventures, a mission to Mars, which could last up to three years. “We dont even know if a broken bone will heal in space,“ said Daniel Goldin, NASAs administrator.
8、To get answers in 1997 Goldin established the National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI), a panel of experts from a dozen leading universities and research institute. NSBRI will study biomedical problems and by 2010 will present NASA with a “go“ or “no go“ recommendation on a Mars mission.
9、 Jeffrey Sutton, leader of the medical systems team at the NSBRI, has treated the head trauma, wounds, kidney stones and heart rhythm irregularities that one could encounter on the way to Mars. On the spacecraft he envisions, Mars-hound in the year, say, 2018, there may lurk harmful bacteria or carb
10、on monoxide. No problem. The deadly substances will be detected by smart sensors-microprocessors no bigger than a thumbnail-that wander at will through the spacecraft, communicating their finds to a computer that warns the crew. To cope with infection, Sutton plans a factory to make drugs, even new
11、ones, to cope with possible organisms on Mars. Miniature optical and ultrasound devices will image body and brain, while a small X-ray machine keeps track of any bone loss. Smart sensors embedded in clothing will monitor an astronauts vital functions. The crew will be able to craft body parts, Sutto
12、n says, precisely tooled to an astronauts personal anatomy and genome stored in computer memory. Researchers are building artificial liver, bone and cartilage (软骨) tissue right now. Lying in wait beyond the Earths atmosphere, solar radiation poses additional problems. The sun flings billions of tons
13、 of electrically charged gas into space, relegating Earths volcanic eruptions to mere hiccups. Nevertheless, NASA officials are confident the accurate monitoring will warn astronauts of such events, allowing the crew to take refuge in an area where polyethylene (乙烯) shielding will absorb the radiati
14、on. A second kind of radiation, cosmic rays from the Milky Way or other galaxies, is a more serious threat-possessing too much energy, too much speed for shielding to be effective. “Theres no way you can avoid them,“ says Francis Cxueinotta, manager of NASAs Johnson Space Centre. “They pass through
15、tissue, striking ceils and leaving them unstable, mutilated or dead. Understanding their biological effects is a priority.“ Another major concern is the psychological health of astronauts. And theres a new stressor on a three-year Mars Mission-people, other members of the crew. NASA found that the s
16、tresses of isolation and confinement can be brought on rapidly simply by giving people few tasks. Mir astronaut Andrew Thomas described how six astronauts were confined in a 12-foot square room for a week. “If you give them little to do, stress can be achieved in a couple of days, says Thomas. Will
17、NSBRI meet Daniel Goldins 2010 deadline for a decision on Mars? “Yes, we will perhaps even before. Were very confident,“ says Laurence Young, the director of NABRI. Mean while some of NSBRIs research may bear fruit on Earth. The institute has made one discovery that promises to save many people at r
18、isk of sudden cardiac death, usually brought on by a heart rhythm disorder called ventricular fibrillation. This kills 225,000 people in the US each year. Richard Cohen, head of the NSBR1 cardiovascular (心血管的) team, explained that zero gravity may-emphasizing “may“-incite this condition in astronaut
19、s. So the team invented a noninvasive diagnostic device that measures extremely tiny changes in heart rhythm. The team found that the device can be used as part of a standard stress test to identify patients at risk. Then pacemaker-like devices can be implanted to regulate the rhythm disorder. “This
20、 technology has the potential to save hundreds of thousands of lives,“ says Cohen. “NASA can be proud.“ Such discoveries are no accident, says Michael E. DeBakey, a cardiovascular surgeon who has saved many hearts himself. “The key word is research. When I was a medical student and a patient came to
21、 the hospital with a heart attack, things were mostly a matter of chance. Today theres a better than 95 per cent chance of surviving. Now that all comes from research. The unfortunate thing is that there are people, even some scientists, who look at the money that goes to NASA and we could use the m
22、oney to support our work. Thats very short sighted. The more research thats done in any area of science, the better off everyone is going to be.“ （分数：71.00）(1).Everyone who travels in space suffers from feelings of motion sickness initially. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Astronauts are likely to increase i
23、n height while in space. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).Its important for astronauts to exercise in order to keep their muscles fit. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Scientists have found a way of protecting astronauts from solar radiation. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).If astronauts are given tasks to do, they quickly begi
24、n to suffer from stress. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).Scientists aim to develop technology that can recognize psychological states. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).The passage mainly describes the psychological health risks during the voyage to Mars. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).In the US each year, sudden cardiac death
25、, caused by a heart-rhythm disturbance called ventricular fibrillation results in the deaths of 1. （分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(9).What was devised by the team led by Richard Cohen to extremely tiny changes in heart rhythm is 1. （分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(10). 1 says research carried out by NASA is ultimately beneficial
26、for everyone. （分数：7.10）填空项 1:_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.She felt it was tiring.B.She felt it was very nice.C.She thought it took less time.D.She thought it was expensive.A.His advisor.B.His teacher.C.His partnerD.His boss.A.Both of them have overcome their fear of heights.B.The woman i
27、s afraid of high places, but the man is not.C.They are both afraid of high places.D.Both of them like to stand on high places.A.Franks car was accidentally lost.B.Frank was killed in a car accident.C.Frank fell out of a car.D.Frank survived a car accident.A.At a church.B.At a library.C.At a bank.D.A
28、t a theatre.A.He should sit in the smoking section.B.He should ask the stewardess for help.C.He should move to another part of the plane.D.He should put out his cigarette at once.A.He doesnt have enough money to buy a car.B.He really doesnt want to buy a car.C.he plans to buy a car in a little while
29、.D.He will have enough money for a car soon.A.It is customary to throw money towards the performer.B.The man is rich and can afford to throw money towards the performer.C.The man doesnt want his money any more.D.The performer hasnt showed yet.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.Relaxing at the seashore.B.V
30、isiting her parents.C.Sailing on a boat.D.Preparing for a race.A.She was invited only for the weekend.B.The weather was too hot.C.She had an appointment.D.She had schoolwork to do.A.She had to go home.B.She was too tired to continue.C.She had to finish her schoolwork.D.She was thirsty.A.There arent
31、enough cabinets.B.There is too much noise.C.Office supplies take up too much space.D.Some teaching assistants dont have desks.A.To chat with Simon socially.B.To get help in the course.C.To hand in their assignments.D.To practise giving interviews.A.Give Simon a different office.B.Complain to the dep
32、artment head.C.Move the supplies to the storage room.D.Try to get a room to use for meetings.A.Government and taxes.B.Work and taxes.C.Freedom and taxes.D.Death and taxes.A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.A.They begin paying federal taxes from that day.B.It is the last day for people to pay the city tax.C
33、.It is the deadline for paying federal taxes.D.The state tax is due on that day.A.In a fast-food restaurant.B.At a shopping center.C.At a county fair.D.In a bakery.A.Avoid eating any food.B.Prepare the right type of pie to eat.C.Wash his hands thoroughly.D.Practice eating a pie quickly.A.On the tabl
34、e.B.Behind his back.C.Under his bottom.D.On his lap.A.Looking sideways to see how fast your neighbor eats.B.Eating from the outside toward the middle.C.Swallowing the pie with water.D.Holding the pie in the right position.A.It is a good place to land at by aeroplane.B.It is a good place to fly over.
35、C.It is a good place to travel to by land.D.It is a good place to live at.A.Because there planes fly higher than at the equator.B.Because there the eyes can reach about 4,000 metres.C.Because there planes are clear of bad weather.D.Because there planes fly more quickly than at the equator.A.In warm
36、air.B.In cold air.C.When it reaches the polar region.D.Only when the clouds are down low.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Recently a group of Swedish research scientists carried out a (36) 1 of childrens attitudes to the future. They worked with 10-and 11-year-old children from ten schools (37) 2 in rural
37、 and urban areas all over the whole of Sweden. There were two main steps of the (38) 3. First, all the children were asked to write an essay on the topic “The Future; 2000 AD“. Then the scientists went round to the (39) 4 schools to talk to the children, basing their (40) 5 on the general questions
38、“What problems are we (41) 6 now?“ and “What will the future be like?“ A pattern soon (42) 7. It showed that there was (43) 8 agreement about which problems were important and how the problems should be dealt with. (44) 9 . (45) 10. Summing up the results of the , one of its leaders said, “Weve obvi
39、ously got to pay more attention to our children. After all, (46) 11.“ （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)A subject which seems to have been insufficiently studied by doctors and psychologists is the influence
40、of geography and climate on the psychological and physical health of mankind. Them seems no doubt that the general character of the landscape, the relative length of day and night, and the climate must all play a big part in determining what kind of people we are. It is true that a few studies have
41、been made. Where all the inhabitants of a particular area enjoy exceptionally good or bad health, scientists have identified contributory factors such as the presence or absence of substances like iodine, fluoride and calcium (氟化钙), or iron in the water supply, or perhaps types of land that provide
42、breeding places for pests like mosquitoes or rats. Moreover, we can all generalize about types of people we have met. Those living in countries with long dark winters are apt to be leas talkative and less spirited than inhabitants of countries where the climate is more moderate. And where the olive
43、and the orange grow, there the inhabitants are cheerful, talkative, and spontaneous. But these commonplace generalizations are inadequate: the influence of climate and geography should be studied in depth. Do all mountain dwellers live m a ripe old age? Does the drinking of wine, rather than beer, r
44、esult in a sunny and open temper? Is the strength and height of one of the Kenyan tribes due to their habitual drinking of the blood of cows? We are not yet sure of the answers to such questions, but let us hope that something of benefit to mankind may eventually result from such studies. （分数：177.50
45、）(1).Which of the following may be the best title of this passage?（分数：35.50）A.The Importance of Geographical Environment.B.The Influence of Geographical Environment on Man.C.Generalization of Types of People.D.Geographical Environment, a Mysterious Subject.(2).We may infer that “iodine, fluoride and
46、 calcium“ are_.（分数：35.50）A.substances which act positively or negatively on mans healthB.harmful substances in the water supplyC.substances which help provide breeding places for pestsD.substances contributory to good health(3).We may infer from the third paragraph that geography and climate play an
47、 important role in determining the inhabitants_.（分数：35.50）A.way of talkingB.personalityC.stableness of temperD.cheerfulness(4).According to the author, research into the influence of geography and climate should_.（分数：35.50）A.focus on some unknown aspectsB.be pursued on a larger scaleC.go much deeper
48、D.be carried out within a larger scope(5).The author hopes that studies on the influence of geographical environment will enable us to_.（分数：35.50）A.generalize better about types of peopleB.find better water suppliesC.gain an insight into its influence on mankindD.live to a ripe old ageTechnology to understand and analyze CVs just as a human would be launched in Europe by recruitment software innovator People Genie. The patented technology has been developed to create Smart Genie, w
