1、大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）-试卷 252及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Part III Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Section C（分数：10.00）_Hospitals, hoping to curb medical error, have invested heavily to put computers, smartphones and other devices into the hands of medical staff for ins
2、tant access to patient data, drug information and case studies. But like many cures, this solution has come with an unintended side effect: doctors and nurses can be focused on the screen and not the patient, even during moments of critical care. A poll showed that half of medical technicians had ad
3、mitted texting during a procedure. This phenomenon has set off an intensifying discussion at hospitals and medical schools about a problem perhaps best described as “distracted doctoring.“ In response , some hospitals have begun limiting the use of electronic devices in critical settings, while scho
4、ols have started reminding medical students to focus on patients instead of devices. “You justify carrying devices around the hospital to do medical records, but you can surf the Internet or do Faccbook, and sometimes Facebook is more tempting ,“ said Dr. Peter Papadakos at the University of Rochest
5、er Medical Center. “My gut feeling (本能的感觉) is lives are in danger,“ said Dr. Papadakos. “Were not educating people about the problem, and its getting worse.“ A survey of 439 medical technicians found that 55 percent of technicians who monitor bypass machines acknowledged that they had talked on cell
6、phones during heart surgery. Half said they had texted while in surgery. The study concluded, “Such distractions have the potential to be disastrous.“ Medical professionals have always faced interruptions from cellphones, and multitasking is simply a fact of life for many medical jobs. What has chan
7、ged, say doctors, especially younger ones, is that they face increasing pressure to interact with their devices. The pressure stems from a mantra (信条) of modern medicine that patient care must be “ data driven,“ and informed by the latest, instantly accessible information. By many accounts, the tech
8、nology has helped reduce medical error by providing instant access to patient data or prescription details. Dr. Peter Carmel, president of the American Medical Association, said technology “offers great potential in health care,“ but he added that doctors first priority should be with the patient.（分
9、数：10.00）(1).Why do hospitals equip their staff with computers, smartphones and other devices?（分数：2.00）A.To reduce medical error.B.To cope with emergencies.C.To facilitate administration.D.To simplify medical procedures.(2).What does the author refer to by “distracted doctoring“?（分数：2.00）A.The disser
10、vice done by modern devices to doctors, nurses, as well as patients.B.The tendency of medical institutions encouraging the use of modern devices.C.The problem of devices preventing doctors from focusing on their patients.D.The phenomenon of medical staff attending to personal affairs while working.(
11、3).What does Dr. Peter Papadakos worry about?（分数：2.00）A.Medical students are not adequately trained to use modern technology.B.Doctors interaction with their devices may endanger patients lives.C.Doctors are relying too heavily on modern electronic technology.D.Pressures on the medical profession ma
12、y become overwhelming.(4).Why do doctors feel increasing pressure to use modern devices?（分数：2.00）A.Patients trust doctors who use modern technology.B.Use of modern devices adds to hospitals revenues.C.Data is given too much importance in patient care.D.Patients data has to be revised from time to ti
13、me.(5).What is Peter Carmels advice to doctors?（分数：2.00）A.They follow closely the advances in medical science.B.They focus their attention on the patients condition.C.They observe hospital rules and regulations.D.They make the best use of modern devices.I have closely watched my generation, known as
14、 The Millennials, for 29 years now. Joel Stein wrote an extensive piece on Millennials and he remains rather optimistic about our potential.I hesitate to share his optimism because of a paradox (矛盾的现象) we seem to exhibit, namely, that there are more avenues for us to entertain ourselves than ever be
15、fore, yet we are more bored than ever before. Entertainment has never been more varied. We have more cable channels, television shows, and movies than ever before. Internet providers allow instant viewing of almost any movie or television program ever created. Social drinking and partying are also w
16、idely available for Millennials. Every generation develops these habits at a certain age, but Millennials seem to be extending this phase of life as they postpone marriage. Some of this is undoubtedly due to The Great Recession. Millennials arc having a difficult time finding jobs; only 47 percent o
17、f 16-to-24-year-olds are employed, the smallest share since government stared recording data in 1948. But do Millennials respond to these economic troubles by doing whatever it takes to make ends meet? Hardly. In fact, of the four generations Pew Research has data for, the Millennial generation does
18、 not cite work ethic( 勤奋工作) as distinctive of itself. Millennials want to save the world, but they sit and wait for that world-changing opportunity to be handed to them. Instead of working 2-3 jobs, launching a business, or doing what it takes to succeed, they retreat. Millennials may be the first g
19、eneration to have a lower standard of living than their parents, but with this response to adversity(逆境) , perhaps deservingly so. Much ink has been spilled in management books discussing how to get the most out of these youths in the workplace. Largely, they come to the same conclusion: Millennials
20、 are entitled, over-confident, and expect too much too quickly. We should not be surprised. Todays young adults were raised by parents who made sure to boost their self-esteem at every turn, telling them they could achieve whatever they set their minds to, and handing out prizes for the sixth place.
21、（分数：10.00）(1).What does the author of the passage think of Millennials?（分数：2.00）A.They show little interest in entertainment.B.They are not confident about their ability.C.They enjoy an easy life due to high technology.D.They may not have bright prospects for success.(2).How do Millennials feel abou
22、t their life?（分数：2.00）A.They can hardly do anything about it.B.There is little in it to get excited about.C.It is not as good as their parents.D.It is full of opportunities for success.(3).In what way are Millennials different from previous generations according to Pew Research?（分数：2.00）A.They spend
23、 less time socializing.B.They are indifferent to others.C.They do not value hard work.D.They are more independent.(4).What should Millennials do according to the author?（分数：2.00）A.Remain optimistic in face of adversity.B.Start a business as early as possible.C.Make full use of new opportunities.D.Ta
24、ke action to change their situation.(5).Why are Millennials over-confident about themselves?（分数：2.00）A.They have been spoiled by their parents.B.They can always get whatever they expect.C.They are misguided by management books.D.They think they are young and energetic.Children are a delight. They ar
25、e our future. But sadly, hiring someone to take care of them while you go to work is getting more expensive by the year. Earlier this month, it was reported that the cost of enrolling an infant or small kid at a childcare center rose 3% in 2012, faster than the overall cost of living. There are now
26、large strips of the country where daycare for an infant costs more than a tenth of the average married couples income. This is not necessarily a new trend, but it is a somewhat puzzling one. The price of professional childcare has been rising since the 1980s. Yet during that time, pay for profession
27、al childcare workers has stood still. Actually caregivers make less today, in real terms, than they did in 1990. Considering that labor costs are responsible for up to 80% of a daycare centers expenses, one would expect flat wages to have meant flat prices. So whos to blame for higher childcare cost
28、s? Childcare is a carefully regulated industry. States lay down rules about how many children each employee is allowed to watch over, the space care centers need per child, and other minute details. And the stricter the regulations, the higher the costs. If it has to hire a caregiver for every two c
29、hildren, it cant really achieve any economics of scale on labor to save money when other expenses go up. In Massachusetts, where childcare centers must hire one teacher for every three infants, the price of care averaged more than $ 16,000 per year. In Mississippi, where centers must hire one teache
30、r for every five infants, the price of care averaged less than $5,000. Unfortunately, I dont have all the daycare-center regulations handy. But I wouldnt be surprised if as the rules have become more elaborate, prices have risen. The tradeoff(交换)might be worth it in some cases; after all, the health
31、 and safety of children should probably come before cheap service. But certainly, it doesnt seem to be an accident that some of the cheapest daycare available is in the least regulated South.（分数：10.00）(1).What problem do parents of small kids have to face?（分数：2.00）A.The ever-rising childcare prices.
32、B.The budgeting of family expenses.C.The balance between work and family.D.The selection of a good daycare center.(2).What does the author feel puzzled about?（分数：2.00）A.Why the prices of childcare vary greatly from state to state.B.Why increased childcare prices have not led to better service.C.Why
33、childcare workers pay has not increased with the rising childcare costs.D.Why there is a severe shortage of childcare professionals in a number of states.(3).What prevents childcare centers from saving money?（分数：2.00）A.Steady increase in labor costs.B.Strict government regulations.C.Lack of support
34、from the state.D.High administrative expenses.(4).Why is the average cost of childcare in Mississippi much lower than in Massachusetts?（分数：2.00）A.The overall quality of service is not as good.B.Payments for caregivers there are not as high.C.Living expenses there are comparatively low.D.Each teacher
35、 is allowed to care for more kids.(5).What is the authors view on daycare service?（分数：2.00）A.Caregivers should receive regular professional training.B.Less elaborate rules about childcare might lower costs.C.It is crucial to strike a balance between quality and costs.D.It is better for different sta
36、tes to learn from each other.Alex Pangs amusing new book The Distraction Addiction addresses those of us who feel panic without a cellphone or computer. And that, he claims, is pretty much all of us. When were not online, where we spend four months annually, were engaged in the stressful work of try
37、ing to get online. The Distraction Addiction is not framed as a self-help book. Its a thoughtful examination of the dangers of our computing overdose and a historical overview of how technological advances change consciousness. A “professional futurist“, Pang urges an approach which he calls “contem
38、plative(沉思的) computing.“ He asks that you pay full attention to “how your mind and body interact with computers and how your attention and creativity are influenced by technology.“ Pangs first job is to free you from the common misconception that doing two things at once allows you to get more done.
39、 What is commonly called multitasking is, in fact, switch-tasking, and its harmful effects on productivity are well documented. Pang doesnt advocate returning to a pre-Internet world. Instead, he asks you to “take a more ecological (生态的) view of your relationships with technologies and look for ways
40、 devices or media may be making specific tasks easier or faster but at the same time making your work and life harder. “ The Distraction Addiction is particularly fascinating on how technologies have changed certain fields of laboroften for the worse. For architects, computer-aided design has become
41、 essential but in some ways has cheapened the design process. As one architect puts it, “Architecture is first and foremost about thinking.and drawing is a more productive way of thinking“ than computer-aided design. Somewhat less amusing are Pangs solutions for kicking the Internet habit. He recomm
42、ends the usual behavior-modification approaches, familiar to anyone who has completed a quit-smoking program. Keep logs to study your online profile and decide what you can knock out, download a program like Freedom that locks you out of your browser, or take a “digital Sabbath(安息日) “. “Unless youre
43、 a reporter “or emergency-department doctor, youll discover that your world doesnt fall apart when you go off-line.“（分数：10.00）(1).Alex Pangs new book is aimed for readers who_.（分数：2.00）A.find their work online too stressfulB.go online mainly for entertainmentC.are fearful about using the cellphone o
44、r computerD.can hardly tear themselves away from the Internet(2).What does Alex Pang try to do in his new book?（分数：2.00）A.Offer advice on how to use the Internet effectively.B.Warn people of the possible dangers of Internet use.C.Predict the trend of future technological development.D.Examine the in
45、fluence of technology on the human mind.(3).What is the common view on multitasking?（分数：2.00）A.It enables people to work more efficiently.B.It is in a way quite similar to switch-tasking.C.It makes peoples work and life even harder.D.It distracts peoples attention from useful work.(4).What does the
46、author think of computer-aided design?（分数：2.00）A.It considerably cuts down the cost of building design.B.It somewhat restrains architects productive thinking.C.It is indispensable in architects work process.D.It can free architects from laborious drawing.(5).What is Ales Pangs recommendation for Int
47、ernet users?（分数：2.00）A.They use the Internet as little as possible.B.They keep a record of their computer use time.C.They exercise self-control over their time online.D.They entertain themselves online on off-days only.大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）-试卷 252答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.
48、00)1.Part III Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_解析：2.Section C（分数：10.00）_解析：Hospitals, hoping to curb medical error, have invested heavily to put computers, smartphones and other devices into the hands of medical staff for instant access to patient data, drug information and case studies. But like many cures, this solution has come with an unintended side effect: doctors and nurses can be focused on the screen and not the patient, even during moments of critical care. A poll showed that half of
