1、大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）-试卷 251及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Part III Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Section C（分数：10.00）_When young women were found to make only 82 percent of what their male peers do just one year out of college, many were at a loss to explain it. All t
2、he traditional reasons put forward to interpret the pay gapthat women fall behind when they leave the workforce to raise kids, for example, or that they dont seek as many management rolesfailed to justify this one. These young women didnt have kids yet. And because they were just one year removed fr
3、om their undergraduate degrees, few of these women yet had the chance to go after ( much less decline) leadership roles. But there are other reasons why the pay gap remains so persistent. The first is that no matter how many women may be getting college: degrees, the university experience is still a
4、n unequal one. The second is that our higher education system is not designed to focus on the economic consequences of our students years on campus. Now that women are the majority of college students and surpass men in both the number of undergraduate and advanced degrees awarded, one might think t
5、he college campus is a pretty equal place. It is not. Studies show that while girls do better than boys in high school, they start to trail off during their college years. They enroll in different kinds of classes, tend to major in less rigorous(非常严格的) subjects, and generally head off with less ambi
6、tious plans. As a result, its not surprising that even the best educated young women enter the workplace with a slight disadvantage. Their college experience leaves them somewhat confused, still stumbling (栽倒) over the dilemmas their grandmothers generation sought to destroy. Are they supposed to be
7、 pretty or smart? Strong or sexy (性感的) ? All their lives, todays young women have been pushed to embrace both perfection and passionto pursue science and sports, math and theaterand do it all as well as they possibly can. No wonder theyre not negotiating for higher salaries as soon as they get out o
8、f school. They are too exhausted, and too scared of failing.（分数：10.00）(1).Traditionally, it is believed that women earn less than men because_.（分数：2.00）A.they have failed to take as many rigorous coursesB.they do not feel as fit for management rolesC.they feel obliged to take care of their kids at h
9、omeD.they do not exhibit the needed leadership qualities(2).What does the author say about Americans higher education system?（分数：2.00）A.It does not offer specific career counseling to women.B.It does not consider its economic impact on graduates.C.It does not take care of women students special need
10、s.D.It does not encourage women to take rigorous subjects.(3).What does the author say about todays college experience?（分数：2.00）A.It is different for male and female students.B.It is not the same as that of earlier generations.C.It is more exhausting than most women expect.D.It is not so satisfying
11、to many American students.(4).What does the author say about women students in college?（分数：2.00）A.They have no idea how to bring out their best.B.They drop a course when they find it too rigorous.C.They are not as practical as men in choosing courses.D.They dont perform as well as they did in high s
12、chool.(5).How does the author explain the pay gap between men and women fresh from college?（分数：2.00）A.Women are too worn out to be ambitious.B.Women are not ready to take management roles.C.Women are caught between career and family.D.Women are not good at negotiating salaries.Reading leadership lit
13、erature, youd sometimes think that everyone has the potential to be an effective leader. I dont believe that to be true. In fact, I see way fewer truly effective leaders than I see people stuck in positions of leadership who are sadly incompetent and seriously misguided about their own abilities. Pa
14、rt of the reason this happens is a lack of honest self-assessment by those who aspire to(追求) leadership in the first place. Weve all met the type of individual who simply must take charge. Whether its a decision-making session, a basketball game, or a family outing, they cant help grabbing the lead
15、dog position and clinging on to it for dear life. They believe theyre natural born leaders. Truth is, theyre nothing of the sort. True leaders dont assume that its their divine (神圣的) right to take charge every time two or more people get together. Quite the opposite. A great leader will assess each
16、situation on its merits, and will only take charge when their position, the situation, and/or the needs of the moment demand it. Many business executives confuse leadership with action. They believe that constant motion somehow generates leadership as a byproduct. Faced with any situation that cant
17、be solved by the sheer force of activity, they generate a dust cloud of impatience. Their one leadership tool is volume; if they think you arent working as hard as they think you should, their demands become increasingly louder and harsher. True leaders understand the value of action, of course, but
18、 it isnt their only tool. In fact, it isnt even their primary tool. Great leaders see more than everyone else; answers, solutions, patterns, problems, opportunities. They know its vitally important to do, but they also know that thinking, understanding, reflection and interpretation are equally impo
19、rtant. If youre too concerned with outcomes to the extent that you manipulate and intimidate others to achieve those outcomes, then you arent leading at all, youre dictating. A true leader is someone who develops his or her team so that they can and do hit their targets and achieve their goals.（分数：1
20、0.00）(1).What does the author think of the leaders he knows?（分数：2.00）A.Many of them are used to taking charge.B.Few of them are equal to their positions.C.Many of them fail to fully develop their potential.D.Few of them are familiar with leadership literature.(2).Why are some people eager to grab le
21、adership positions?（分数：2.00）A.They believe they have the natural gift to lead.B.They believe in what leadership literature says.C.They have proved competent in many situations.D.They derive great satisfaction from being leaders.(3).What characterizes a great leader according to the author?（分数：2.00）A
22、.Being able to take prompt action when chances present themselves.B.Having a whole-hearted dedication to their divine responsibilities.C.Having a full understanding of their own merits and weaknesses.D.Being able to assess the situation carefully before taking charge.(4).How will many business execu
23、tives respond when their command fails to generate action?（分数：2.00）A.They reassess the situation at hand.B.They become impatient and rude.C.They resort to any tool available.D.They blame their team members.(5).What is the authors advice to leaders?（分数：2.00）A.Concentrate on one specific task at a tim
24、e.B.Use different tools to achieve different goals.C.Build up a strong team to achieve their goals.D.Show determination when faced with tough tasks.The question of whether our government should promote science and technology or the liberal arts in higher education isnt an either/or proposition (命题)
25、, although the current emphasis on preparing young Americans for STEM(science, technology, engineering, maths)-related fields can make it seem that way. The latest congressional report acknowledges the critical importance of technical training, but also asserts that the study of the humanities(人文学科)
26、 and social sciences must remain central components of Americas educational system at all levels. Both are critical to producing citizens who can participate effectively in our democratic society, become innovative(创新的)leaders, and benefit from the spiritual enrichment that the reflection on the gre
27、at ideas of mankind over time provides. Parents and students who have invested heavily in higher education worry about graduates job prospects as technological advances and changes in domestic and global markets transform professions in ways that reduce wages and cut jobs. Under these circumstances,
28、 its natural to look for what may appear to be the most “ practical“ way out of the problem “ Major in a subject designed to get you a job“ seems the obvious answer to some, though this ignores the fact that many disciplines in the humanities characterized as “soft“ often, in fact, lead to employmen
29、t and success in the long run. Indeed, according to surveys, employers have expressed a preference for students who have received a broadly-based education that has taught them to write well, think critically, research creatively, and communicate easily. Moreover, students should be prepared not jus
30、t for their first job, but for their 4th and 5th jobs, as theres little reason to doubt that people entering the workforce today will be called upon to play many different roles over the course of their careers. The ones who will do the best in this new environment will be those whose educations hav
31、e prepared them to be flexible. The ability to draw upon every available tool and insightpicked up from science, arts, and technologyto solve the problems of the future, and take advantage of the opportunities that present themselves, will be helpful to them and the United States.（分数：10.00）(1).What
32、does the latest congressional report suggest?（分数：2.00）A.STEM-related subjects help students find jobs in the information society.B.The humanities and STEM subjects should be given equal importance.C.The liberal arts in higher education help enrich students spiritual life.D.Higher education should be
33、 adjusted to the practical needs of society.(2).What is the main concern of students when they choose a major?（分数：2.00）A.Their interest in relevant subjects.B.The academic value of the courses.C.The quality of education to receive.D.Their chances of getting a good job.(3).What does the author say ab
34、out the so-called soft subjects?（分数：2.00）A.They benefit students in their future life.B.They broaden students range of interests.C.They improve students communication skills.D.They are essential to students healthy growth.(4).What kind of job applicants do employers look for?（分数：2.00）A.Those who hav
35、e a strong sense of responsibility.B.Those who are good at solving practical problems.C.Those who are likely to become innovative leaders.D.Those who have received a well-rounded education.(5).What advice does the author give to college students?（分数：2.00）A.Seize opportunities to tap their potential.
36、B.Try to take a variety of practical courses.C.Prepare themselves for different job options.D.Adopt a flexible approach to solving problems.Energy independence. It has a nice ring to it. Doesnt it? If you think so, youre not alone, because energy independence has been the dream of American president
37、 for decades, and never more so than in the past few years, when the most recent oil price shock has been partly responsible for kicking off the great recession. “Energy independence“ and its rhetorical(修辞的)companion “energy security“ are, however, slippery concepts that are rarely thought through.
38、What is it we want independence from, exactly?Most people would probably say that they want to be independent from imported oil. But there are reasons that we buy all that oil from elsewhere. The first reason is that we need it to keep our economy running. Yes, there is a trickle(涓涓细流)of biofuel(生物燃
39、料)available, and more may become available , but most biofuels cause economic waste and environmental destruction. Second, Americans have basically decided that they dont really want to produce all their own oil. They value the environmental quality they preserve over their oil imports from abroad.
40、Vast areas of the United States are off-limits to oil exploration and production in the name of environmental protection. To what extent are Americans really willing to endure the environmental impacts of domestic energy production in order to cut back imports? Third, there are benefits to trade. It
41、 allows for economic efficiency, and when we buy things from places that have lower production costs than we do, we benefit. And although you dont read about this much, the United States is also a large exporter of oil products, selling about 2 million barrels of petroleum products per day to about
42、90 countries. There is no question that the United States imports a great deal of energy and, in fact, relies on that steady flow to maintain its economy. When that flow is interrupted, we feel the pain in short supplies and higher prices. At the same time, we derive massive economic benefits when w
43、e buy the most affordable energy on the world market and when we engage in energy trade around the world.（分数：10.00）(1).What does the author say about energy independence for America?（分数：2.00）A.It sounds very attractive.B.It ensures national security.C.It will bring oil prices down.D.It has long been
44、 everyones dream.(2).What does the author think of biofuels?（分数：2.00）A.They keep Americas economy running healthily.B.They prove to be a good alternative to petroleum.C.They do not provide a sustainable energy supply.D.They cause serious damage to the environment.(3).Why does America rely heavily on
45、 oil imports?（分数：2.00）A.It wants to expand its storage of crude oil.B.Its own oil reserves are quickly running out.C.It wants to keep its own environment intact.D.Its own oil production falls short of demand.(4).What does the author say about oil trade?（分数：2.00）A.It proves profitable to both sides.B
46、.It improves economic efficiency.C.It makes for economic prosperity.D.It saves the cost of oil exploration.(5).What is the authors purpose in writing the passage?（分数：2.00）A.To justify Americas dependence on oil imports.B.To arouse Americans awareness of the energy crisis.C.To stress the importance o
47、f energy conservation.D.To explain the increase of international oil trade.大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）-试卷 251答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Part III Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_解析：2.Section C（分数：10.00）_解析：When young women were found to make only 82 percent of what their male
48、 peers do just one year out of college, many were at a loss to explain it. All the traditional reasons put forward to interpret the pay gapthat women fall behind when they leave the workforce to raise kids, for example, or that they dont seek as many management rolesfailed to justify this one. These young women didnt have kids yet. And because they were just one year removed from their undergraduate degrees, few of these women yet had the chance to go after ( much less decli
