1、大学英语四级卷三真题 2013 年 6 月及答案解析(总分：710.00，做题时间：120 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：142.00)1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of learning basic
2、skills. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. （分数：142.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.20)Surviving the Recession Americas recession began quietly at the end of 2007. Since then it has evolved into a global crisis. Reasonable people may disagree about whom to blame. F
3、inanciers who were not as clever as they thought they were? Regulators falling asleep at work? Consumers who borrowed too much? Politicians who thoughtlessly promoted home-ownership for those who could not afford it? All are guilty; and what a mess they have created. Since 2007 America has shed 5 mi
4、llion jobs. More than 15% of the workforce are jobless or underemployed - roughly 25 million workers. The only industries swelling their payrolls are health care, utilities and the federal government. The value of listed shares in American firms collapsed by 57% from its peak in October 2007 to a lo
5、w in March this year, though it has since bounced back somewhat. Industrial production fell by 12. 8% in the year to March, the worst slide since the Second World War. Mark Zandi, and economist at Moodys Economy, com, predicts that the recession will shrink Americas economy by 3.5% in total. For mos
6、t executives, this is the worst business environment theyve ever seen. Times are so tough that even bosses are taking pay cuts. Median (中位数的) pay for chief executives of S median pay for chief executives of non-financial firms in the S and what a mess they have created. Since 2007 America has shed 5
7、 million jobs. More than 15% of the workforce are jobless or underemployed - roughly 25 million workers. The only industries swelling their payrolls are health care, utilities and the federal government. The value of listed shares in American firms collapsed by 57% from its peak in October 2007 to a
8、 low in March this year, though it has since bounced back somewhat. Industrial production fell by 12. 8% in the year to March, the worst slide since the Second World War. Mark Zandi, and economist at Moodys Economy, com, predicts that the recession will shrink Americas economy by 3.5% in total. For
9、most executives, this is the worst business environment theyve ever seen. Times are so tough that even bosses are taking pay cuts. Median (中位数的) pay for chief executives of S median pay for chief executives of non-financial firms in the S&P 500 fell by 2.7%. Nearly every business has a sad tale to t
10、ell. For example, Arne Sorenson, the president of Marriott hotels, likens the crisis to the downturn that hit his business after September 11th, 2001. When the twin towers fell, Americans stopped travelling. Marriott had its worst quarter ever, with revenues per room falling by 25%. This year, witho
11、ut a terrorist attack, the hotel industry is “putting the same numbers on the board“, says Mr. Sorenson. The hotel bust (不景气), like most busts, was preceded by a breathtaking boom. Although many other big firms resisted the temptation to over-borrow, developers borrowed heavily and built bigger and
12、fancier hotels as if the whole world were planning a holiday in Las Vegas. When the bubble burst, demand collapsed. Hotel owners found themselves with a huge number of empty rooms even as a lot of unnecessary new hotels were ready to open. Other industries have suffered even more. Large numbers of b
13、uilders, property firms and retailers have gone bankrupt. And a disaster has hit Detroit. Last year the American car industry had the capacity to make 17 million vehicles. Sales in 2009 could be barely half of that. The Big Three American carmakers - General Motors, Ford and Chrysler - accumulated r
14、uinous costs over the post-war years, such as gold-plated health plans and pensions for workers who retired as young as 48. All three are desperately restructuring. Only Ford may survive in its current form. Hard times breed hard feelings. Few Americans understand what caused the recession. Some are
15、 seeking scapegoats (替罪羊). Politicians are happy to take advantage. Bosses have been summoned to Washington to be scolded on live television. The president condemns their greed. Extravagance (奢侈) is out Businessfolk are bending over backwards to avoid seeming extravagant. Meetings at resorts are sud
16、denly unacceptable. Goldman Sachs, an investment bank, cancelled a conference in Las Vegas at the last minute and rebooked it in San Francisco, which cost more but sounded less fun. Anyway, the pain will eventually end. American business will regain its shine. Many firms will die, but the survivors
17、will emerge leaner and stronger than before. The financial sectors share of the economy will shrink, and stay shrunk for years to come. The importance of non-financial firms will accordingly rise, along with their ability to attract the best talent. America will remain the best place on earth to do
18、business, so long as Barack Obama and the Democrats in Congress resist the temptation to interfere too much, and so long as organised labour does not overplay its hand. The crisis will prove hugely disruptive (破坏性的) , however. Bad management techniques will be exposed. Necessity will force the swift
19、 adoption of more efficient ones. At the same time, technological innovation (创新) will barely pause for breath- and two big political changes seem likely. Mr. Obamas plan to curb carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions (排放),though necessary, will be far from cost-free, whatever his sunny speeches on the subj
20、ect might suggest. The shift to a low-carbon economy will help some firms, hurt others and require every organisation that uses much energy to rethink how it operates. It is harder to predict how Mr. Obamas proposed reforms to the failing health-care system will turn out. If he succeeds in curbing c
21、osts - a big if - it would be a huge gain for America. Some businesses will benefit but the vast bulk of the savings will be captured by workers, not their employers. In the next couple of years the businesses that thrive will be those that are tight with costs, careful of debt, cautious with cash f
22、low and extremely attentive to what customers want. They will include plenty of names no one has yet heard of. Times change, and corporations change with them. In 1955 Times Man of the Year was Harlow Curtice, the boss of GM. His firm was leading America towards “a new economic order“, the magazine
23、wrote. Thanks to men like Curtice, “the bonds of scarcity“ had been broken and America was rolling “to an all-time high of prosperity“. Soon, Americans would need to spend “comparatively little time earning a living“. Half a century later GM is a typical example of poor management. In March its chie
24、f executive was fired by Times current Man of the Year. Mr. Obama. The government now backs up the domestic car industry, lending it money and overseeing its turnaround plans. With luck, this will be short-lived. But there is a danger that Washington will end up micromanaging not only Detroit but al
25、so other parts of the economy. And clever as Mr. Obamas advisers are, history suggests they will be bad at this.（分数：71.20）(1).From the first paragraph, we learn that Americas recession is the result of _. （分数：7.12）A.a messy real estate marketB.a combination of causes C.unregulated competitionD.finan
26、ciers mismanagement解析：(2).At the worst time, the total value of listed shares in American firms shrank by _. （分数：7.12）A.57% B.15%C.12.8%D.3.5%解析：(3).According to Arne Sorenson, the president of Marriott hotels, the current recession _. （分数：7.12）A.was the worst he had ever seen since World War IIB.re
27、duced his revenues to a quarter of normal yearsC.hit his business as hard as the 9 11 terrorist attack D.spoiled his plans to build more hotels in Las Vegas解析：(4).The Big Three American carmakers need restructuring to survive because _. （分数：7.12）A.their production capacity has shrunk to less than ha
28、lf of the previous yearB.their technology has fallen behind their competitors elsewhere in the worldC.they have borrowed too heavily and accumulated too large amounts of debtD.they cannot cope with the ruinous costs accumulated over the post-war years 解析：(5).Goldman Sachs, an investment bank, cancel
29、led a conference in Las Vegas in order to _. （分数：7.12）A.raise its efficiencyB.cut unnecessary costsC.avoid seeming wasteful D.have fun in San Francisco解析：(6).The author of this report seems to be _. （分数：7.12）A.against too much government interference in the economy B.optimistic about Obamas effort t
30、o reduce CO2 emissionsC.interested in political and economic reformsD.concerned about the interests of the workforce解析：(7).According to the author. Obamas plan to limit carbon dioxide emissions will _. （分数：7.12）A.not benefit Americas industryB.benefit the whole nationC.do good to the environmentD.by
31、 no means be inexpensive 解析：(8).Because Harlow Curtices firm was leading America in creating “a new economic order“, he was named by Time magazine as _ in 1955.（分数：7.12）_正确答案：(Man of the Year)解析：(9).In March, General Motors chief executive was fired by Mr. Obama for _.（分数：7.12）_正确答案：(poor management
32、)解析：(10).The author is afraid that the Obama administration will end up _ Americas economy.（分数：7.12）_正确答案：(micromanaging)解析：三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：56.96)A.The man hates to lend his tools to other people.B.The man hasnt finished working on the bookshelf.C.The tools have already been returned
33、 to the woman.D.The tools the man borrowed from the woman are missing. 解析：A.Save time by using a computer.B.Buy her own computer. C.Borrow Marthas computer.D.Stay home and complete her paper.解析：A.The man doesnt have money for his daughters graduate studies.B.The man doesnt think his daughter will ge
34、t a business degree.C.The man insists that his daughter should pursue her studies in science.D.The man advises his daughter to think carefully before making her decision. 解析：A.The cinema is some distance away from where they are. B.He would like to read the film review in the newspaper.C.They should
35、 wait to see the movie at a later time.D.Hell find his way to the cinema.解析：A.Hes been to Seattle many times. B.He has chaired a lot of conferences.C.He has a high position in his company.D.He lived in Seattle for many years.解析：A.Teacher and student.B.Doctor and patient.C.Manager and office worker.
36、D.Travel agent and customer.解析：A.She knows the guy who will give the lecture.B.She thinks the lecture might be informative. C.She wants to add something to her lecture.D.Shell finish her report this weekend.解析：A.The houses for sale are of poor quality.B.The houses are too expensive for the couple to
37、 buy.C.The housing developers provide free trips for potential buyers.D.The man is unwilling to take a look at the houses for sale. 解析：四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：49.84)Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.36）A.How to study English well.B.Which courses to choose. C.Ho
38、w to write computer games.D.Which books to read.解析：A.Physical sciences.B.Maths and physics.C.Art and design.D.Electronics and computer-programming. 解析：A.Her English is very good.B.She is interested in English.C.Her English writing is poor. D.Her oral English is bad.解析：Questions 22 to 25 are based on
39、 the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.48）A.Applying for a work experience. B.Applying for a part-time job.C.Taking an exam.D.Visiting an old friend.解析：A.Students in the first half of their courses.B.Students who will graduate soon.C.Students in the second half of their courses. D.Students who
40、 have just graduated from universities.解析：A.Explain the procedures to the students.B.Work regular hours.C.Write a comprehensive report.D.Send a report about the womans work. 解析：A.In two weeks.B.In three weeks.C.In the second half of her course.D.Not decided yet. 解析：Passage One Questions 26 to 28 are
41、 based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.36）A.Synthetic fuel.B.Solar energy.C.Alcohol.D.Electricity. 解析：A.Air traffic conditions. B.Traffic jams on highways.C.Road conditions.D.New traffic rules.解析：A.Go through a health check.B.Carry little luggage. C.Arrive early for boarding.D.Undergo
42、 security checks.解析：Passage Two Questions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.48）A.In a fast-food restaurant.B.At a shopping center.C.At a county fair. D.In a bakery.解析：A.Avoid eating any food. B.Prepare the right type of pie to eat.C.Wash his hands thoroughly.D.Practice eat
43、ing a pie quickly.解析：A.On the table.B.Behind his back. C.Under his bottom.D.On his lap.解析：A.Looking sideways to see how fast your neighbor eats.B.Eating from the outside toward the middle. C.Swallowing the pie with water.D.Holding the pie in the right position.解析：Passage Three Questions 33 to 35 are
44、 based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.36）A.Beauty. B.Loyalty.C.Luck.D.Durability.解析：A.He wanted to follow the tradition of his country.B.He believed that it symbolized an everlasting marriage.C.It was thought a blood vessel in that finger led directly to the heart. D.It was supposed that
45、the diamond on that finger would bring good luck.解析：A.The two people can learn about each others likes and dislikes.B.The two people can have time to decide if they are a good match. C.The two people can have time to shop for their new home.D.The two people can earn enough money for their wedding.解析
46、：六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：71.20)In the center of a big city there are usually dozens of large office buildings that house big banks, headquarters, and government (36) 1. Thousands of people work in these buildings. People who do all the office work are called white-collar workers. (37) 2 and receptionis
47、ts, bookkeepers and computer operators work for many different kinds of companies. Many office workers dream of working their way up to the top, from clerk to (38) 3 of a . The way lies through middle management. Middle management includes junior executives, who may fill (39) 4 jobs, supervise other
48、 workers in the company. (40) 5 action to top management, or see that the companys policies are being carried out. At the very top are the senior executives. They (41) 6 the policies for their own companies, especially (42) 7 matters. The Chief Executive Officer, or CEO, of a large (43) 8 has a great deal of power and influence. (44) 9. Because matters are so important, some accountants become top executives. In
