1、大学英语四级卷三真题 2016 年 12 月及答案解析(总分：710.00，做题时间：120 分钟)一、Part I Writing (30 m(总题数：1，分数：106.50)1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose you have twooptions upon graduation: one is to find a job somewhere and the other to start abusiness of your own. You are to mak
2、e a decision. Write an essay to explain the reasonsfor your decision. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.（分数：106.50）_二、Listening Comprehens(总题数：3，分数：49.70)Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.（分数：14.20）A.It was dangerous to live in.B.It was g
3、oing to be renovated.C.He could no longer pay the rent.D.He had sold it to the royal family.A.A strike.B.A storm.C.A forest fire.D.A terrorist attack.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.（分数：14.20）A.They lost contact with the emergency department.B.They were trapped in
4、an underground elevator.C.They were injured by suddenly falling rocks.D.They sent calls for help via a portable radio.A.They tried hard to repair the elevator.B.They released the details of the accident.C.They sent supplies to keep the miners warm.D.They provided the miners with food and water.Quest
5、ions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.（分数：21.30）A.Raise postage rates.B.Improve its services.C.Redesign delivery routes.D.Close some of its post offices.A.Shortening business hours.B.Closing offices on holidays.C.Stopping mail delivery on Saturdays.D.Computerizing mall sorting
6、 processes.A.Many post office staff will lose their jobsB.Many people will begin to complain.C.Taxpayers will be very pleased.D.A lot of controversy will arise.三、Section B(总题数：2，分数：56.80)Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.40）A.He will be kept from promotion.B.
7、He will go through retraining.C.He will be given a warning.D.He will lose part of his pay.A.He is always on time.B.He is a trustworthy guy.C.He is an experienced press operator.D.He is on good terms with his workmates.A.She is a trade union representative.B.She is in charge of public relations.C.She
8、 is a senior manager of the shop.D.She is better at handling such matters.A.He is skilled and experienced.B.He is very close to the managerC.He is always trying to stir up trouble.D.He is always complaining about low wages.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.4
9、0）A.Open.B.Friendly.C.Selfish.D.Reserved.A.They stay quiet.B.They read a book.C.They talk about the weather.D.They chat with fellow passengers.A.She was always treated as a foreigner.B.She was eager to visit an English castle.C.She was never invited to a colleagues home.D.She was unwilling to make f
10、riends with workmates.A.Houses are much more quiet.B.Houses provide more privacy.C.They want to have more space.D.They want a garden of their own.四、Section C(总题数：3，分数：142.00)Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：42.60）A.They dont have much choice of jobs.B.They are like
11、ly to get much higher pay.C.They dont have to go through job interviews.D.They will automatically be given hiring priority.A.Ask their professors for help.B.Look at school bulletin boards.C.Visit the school careers service.D.Go through campus newspapers.A.Helping students find the books and journals
12、 they need.B.Supervising study spaces to ensure a quiet atmosphere.C.Helping students arrange appointments with librarians.D.Providing students with information about the library.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：42.60）A.It tastes better.B.It is easier to grow.C.It
13、may be sold at a higher price.D.It can better survive extreme weathers.A.It is healthier than green tea.B.It can grow in drier soil.C.It will replace green tea one day.D.It is immune to various diseases.A.It has been well received by many tea drinkers.B.It does not bring the promised health benefits
14、.C.It has made tea farmers life easier.D.It does not have a stable market.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：56.80）A.They need decorations to show their status.B.They prefer unique objects of high quality.C.They decorate their homes themselves.D.They care more about
15、environment.A.They were proud of their creations.B.They could only try to create at night.C.They made great contributions to society.D.They focused on the quality of their products.A.Make wise choices.B.Identify fake crafts.C.Design handicrafts themselves.D.Learn the importance of creation.A.To boos
16、t the local economy.B.To attract foreign investments.C.To arouse public interest in crafts.D.To preserve the traditional culture.五、Part III Reading Com(总题数：1，分数：35.50)Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage. When someone commits a criminal act, we always hope the punishment will match
17、the offense.But when it comes to one of the cruelest crimes-animal fighting-things 26_work out that way.Dog-fighting victims are 27_ and killed for profit and “sport,“ yet their criminal abusers oftenreceive a 28_ sentence for causing a lifetime of pain. Roughly half of all federally-convicted anima
18、lfighters only get probation (缓刑). Some progress has been made in the prosecution (起诉) of animal fighters. But federal judgesoften rely heavily on the U. S. Sentencing GuideLines when they 29_ penalties, and in the case ofanimal fighting, those guidelines are outdated and extremely 30_. The U.S. Sen
19、tencing Commission, which 31_ these sentencing guidelines, is revisiting them,proposing to raise the minimum sentence from 6 - 12 to 21 - 27 months. This is a step in the right 32_, but wed like to see the U. S. Sentencing Commission make further changes to the guidelines. Along with this effort, we
20、re working with animal advocates and state and federal lawmakers to 33_ anti-cruelty laws across the country, as well as supporting laws and policies that assistoverburdened animal 34_ that care for animal fighting victims. This help is 35_ importantbecause the high cost of caring for animal victims
21、 is a major factor that prevents people from gettinginvolved in cruelty cases in the first place. A. convenient B. creates C. critically D. determine E. direction F. hesitate G. inadequate H. inspired I. method J. minimal K. rarely L. shelters M. strengthen N. sufferings O. tortured（分数：35.50）A.B.C.D
22、.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.L.M.N.O.A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.L.M.N.O.A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.L.M.N.O.A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.L.M.N.O.A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.L.M.N.O.A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.L.M.N.O.A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.L.M.N.O.A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.L.M.N.O.A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.L.M.N.O.A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.L.M.N.O.六、Secti
23、on B(总题数：1，分数：71.00)When Work Becomes a Game A) What motivates employees to do their jobs well? Competition with coworkers, for some. Thepromise of rewards, for others. Pure enjoyment of problem-solving, for a lucky few. B) Increasingly, companies are tapping into these desires directly through what
24、 has come to be knownas “gamification“ : essentially, turning work into a game. “Gamification is about understandingwhat it is that makes games engaging and what game designers do to create a great experience ingames, and taking those learnings and applying them to other contexts such as the workpla
25、ce andeducation,“ explains Kevin Werbach, a gamification expert who teaches at the Wharton School ofBusiness at the University of Pennsylvania in the United States. C) It might mean monitoring employee productivity on a digital leaderboard and offering prizes to thewinner, or giving employees digita
26、l badges or stars for completing certain activities. It could alsomean training employees how to do their jobs through video game platforms. Companies fromGoogle to LOralto IBM to Wells Fargo are known to use some degree of gamification in theirworkplaces. And more and more companies are joining the
27、m. A recent report suggests that theglobal gamification market will grow from $1.65 billion in 2015 to $11.1 billion by 2020. D) The concept of gamification is not entirely new, Werbach says. Companies, marketers and teachershave long looked for fun ways to engage peoples reward-seeking or competiti
28、ve spirits. Cracker Jackshas been “gamifying“ its snack food by putting a small prize inside for more than 100 years, headds, and the turn-of-the-century steel magnate (巨头) Charles Schwab is said to have often comeinto his factory and written the number of tons of steel produced on the past shift on
29、 the factoryfloor, thus motivating the next shift of workers to beat the previous one. E) But the word “gamification“ and the widespread, conscious application of the concept only beganin earnest about five years ago, Werbach says. Thanks in part to video games, the generation nowentering the workfo
30、rce is especially open to the idea of having their work gamified. “We are at apoint where in much of the developed world the vast majority of young people grew up playingvideo games, and an increasingly high percentage of adults play these video games too,“ Werbachsays. F) A number of companies have
31、 sprung up-GamEffective, Bunchbail and Badgeville, to name a few-in recent years offering gamification platforms for businesses. The platforms that are most effectiveturn employees ordinary job tasks into part of a rich adventure narrative. “What makes a gamegame-like is that the player actually car
32、es about the outcome,“ Werbach says. “The principle isabout understanding what is motivating to this group of players, which requires some understandingof psychology. “ G) Some people, Werbach says, are motivated by competition.Sales people often fall into thiscategory. For them, the right kind of g
33、amification might be turning their saies pitches into acompetition with other team members, complete with a digital leaderboard showing who is winningat all times. Others are more motivated by collaboration and social experiences. One companyWerbach has studied uses gamification to create a sense of
34、 community and boost employees morale(士气). When employees log in to their computers, theyre shown a picture of one of theircoworkers and asked to guess that persons name. H) Gamification does not have to be digital. Monica Cornetti runs a company that gamifies employeetrainings. Sometimes this invol
35、ves technology, but often it does not. She recently designed agamification strategy for a saies training company with a storm-chasing theme. Employees formed“storm chaser teams“ and competed in storm-themed educational exercises to earn variousrewards. “Rewards do not have to be stuff,“ Cornetti say
36、s. “Rewards can be flexible workinghours. “ Another training, this one for pay roll law, used a Snow White and the Seven Dwarfstheme. “Snow White“ is available for everyone to use, but the “dwarfs“ are still under copyright,so Cornetti invented sound-alike characters (Grumpy Gus, Dopey Dan) to illus
37、trate specific pay rolllaw principles. I) Some people do not take naturaily to gamified work environments, Cornetti says.In herexperience, people in positions of power or people in finance or engineering do not tend to like thesound of the word. “If we are designing for engineers, Im not talking abo
38、ut a game at all,“Cornetti says. “Im talking about a simulation (模拟), Im talking about being able to solvethis problem. “ J) Gamification is “ not a magic bullet,“ Werbach warns.A gamification strategy that is notsufficiently thought through or well tailored to its players may engage people for a li
39、ttle while, but itwill not motivate people in the long term. It can also be exploitative, especially when used withvulnerable populations. For workers, especially low-paid workers, who desperately need their jobsyet know they can be easily replaced, gamification may feel more like the Hunger Games.
40、Werbachgives the example of several Disneyland hotels in Anaheim, Caiifornia, which used large digital leaderboards to display how efficiently laundry workers were working compared to one another.Some employees found the board motivating. To others, it was the opposite of fun. Some began tostop taki
41、ng bathroom breaks, worried that if their productivity fell they would be fired. Pregnantemployees struggled to keep up. In a Los Angeles Times article, one employee referred to the boardas a “digital whip. “It actually had a very negative effect on morale and performance,“ Werbachsays. K) Still, ga
42、mification only stands to become more popular, he says, “as more and more people comeinto the workforce who are familiar with the structures and expressions of digitai games. “We arefar from reaching the peak,“ Cornetti agrees. “There is no reason this will go away. “（分数：71.00）(1).Some famous compan
43、ies are already using gamification and more are trying to do the same.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.(2).Gamification is not a miracle cure for all workplaces as it may have negative results. （分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.(3).To enhance morale, one company asks its employees to identify their fello
44、w workers when starting their computers. （分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.(4).The idea of gamification was practiced by some businesses more than a century ago. （分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.(5).There is reason to believe that gamification will be here to stay. （分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.(6).Vide
45、o games contributed in some ways to the wide application of gamification. （分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.(7).When turning work into a game, it is necessary to understand what makes games interesting. （分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.(8).Gamification in employee training does not always need technology
46、. （分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.(9).The most successful gamification platforms transform daily work assignments into fun experiences. （分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.(10).It is necessary to use terms other than “gamification“ for some professions. （分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.七、Section C(总题数：2，分数：
47、142.00)Passage One Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage. Recently I attended several meetings where we talked about ways to retain students and keepyounger faculty members from going elsewhere. It seems higher education has become an industry of meeting-holders whose task it is to “
48、solve“problems-real or imagined. And in my position as a professor at three different colleges, the actualproblems in educating our young people and older students have deepened, while the number of peoplehired-not to teach but to hold meetings-has increased significantly. Every new problem creates
49、anew job for an administrative fixer. Take our Center for Teaching Excellence. Contrary to its title, thecenter is a clearing house (信息交流中心) for using technology in classrooms and in online courses.Its an administrative sham (欺诈) of the kind that has multiplied over the last 30 years. I offer a simple proposition in response: Many of our problems-class attendance, educat
