1、大学英语四级综合-20 及答案解析(总分：450.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：5，分数：450.00)Passage ElevenThere is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling. No school I have taught in has ever (1) spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill. There are, however, v
2、astly different ideas about how to teach it, or how much (2) it must be given over general language development and (3) ability. The problem is how to encourage a child to express himself freely and (4) in writing without holding him back with the complexities(复杂) of spelling.If spelling becomes the
3、 only focal point of his teachers interest, clearly a bright child will be likely to “play safe“. He will (5) to write only words within his spelling range, choosing to (6) adventurous language. Thats why teachers often encourage the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to (7) rather than tec
4、hnical ability.I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personal experience: “This work is terrible! There are far too many spelling errors and your writing is illegible.“ It may have been a sharp criticism of the pupils technical abilities in writing, but it
5、was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay, which contained some beautiful expressions of the childs deep feelings. The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the (8) , but if his priorities had (9) on the childs ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the
6、 presentation would have given the pupil more motivation (动机) to seek (10) A. confidentlyD. errorsG. priorit5,J. maintain M. centered B. avoidE. tendH. instinct K. ignored N. improvement C. contentF. writingI. largely L. notions O. notebook（分数：90.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填
7、空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_Passage TwelveJust like children, deer often cross British roads to get to the other side. But the cost is the deers life. At night, (1) cars hit and kill the animals. Now foresters are using natural animal (2) to prevent dangerous crossings.In England, the British Forestry Commi
8、ssion has (3) thousands of glowing red “wolf eyes“ along woodland roads. The eyes are actually reflectors (反射镜), (4) bars like the red reflectors on your bike. The ten-centimeter long bars are fixed on top of posts, with only these signs directed towards the woods rather than the roads.When cars spe
9、ed by, light rays from car headlights reflect offthe reflectors shining surface and (5) into the woods. Deer are instantly (6) by the wolf eyes-even though wolves havent (7) deer in Britain or even lived there for a hundred years!Scientists think the glowing light (8) the “eye shine“ of nightly beas
10、ts. (Youve probably seen eye shine on cats. Mirror-like cells in the eyes (9) some light that hits them. ) The deer must not have “forgotten“ that a wolf can run up to 72 km per hour in (10) pursuit, or can sniff (嗅) deer out from 2.4 km away. A. scaredD. instinctsG. fancyJ. hunted M. hot B. install
11、edE. speedingH. attracts K. imitates N. reflect C. plasticF. displayI. flash L. harmony O. instruments（分数：90.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_Passage ThirteenIt was once believed that being overweight was healthy, but nowadays few people subscribe to this view
12、point. While many people are fighting the battle to reduce weight, studies are being conducted concerning the (1) and how it is controlled by both emotional and biochemical factors. Some of the (2) of these studies may give insights into how to deal with weight problems. For example, when several hu
13、ndred people were asked about their eating habits in times of stress, 44 percent said they reacted to stressful situations by eating. Further investigations with both humans and animals indicated that it is not food which (3) tension but rather the act of (4) A test in which subjects were blindfolde
14、d showed that obese (肥胖的) people have a keener sense of taste and crave (渴望) more flavorful food than non-obese people. When deprived of the variety and (5) of tastes, obese people are not satisfied and consequently eat more to (6) this need. Blood (7) taken from people after they were shown a pictu
15、re of food revealed that overweight people reacted with an increase in blood insulin (胰岛素), a chemical (8) with appetite. This did not happen to average-weight people.Exercise has been (9) as an important part of a weight-loss program. However, it has been found that mild exercise, such as using the
16、 stairs instead of the (10) , is better in the long run than taking on a strenuous program, such as jogging, which many people fred difficult to continue over long periods of time and which also increases appetite. A. appetiteD. intensityG. samplesJ. associated M. promotes B. conclusionsE. fulfillH.
17、 elevator K. estimated N. problems C. chewingF. relievesI. recommended L. region O. digesting（分数：90.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_Passage FourteenThe first practical pen with reservoir is credited to Lewis Edson Waterman, a 45year-old American insurance bro
18、ker in 1884. The story goes that he was getting ready to sign a (1) contract on a building site and had bought a new pen for the (2) feeling that it would (3) a good impression and be more convenient for the circumstances than the more usual dip nib pen. The (4) was on the table, and the pen was in
19、the clients hand. Once, twice and even a third time the pen refused to write and then it made an ink blot on the important paperwork. Mr. Waterman returned to his office in all (5) , obtained a fresh contract and returned to the site-a (6) broker had beaten him to it and the client had signed a cont
20、ract with the competitor.Waterman refused to be caught out again in like fashion and having an inventive mind designed his own pen and commenced to produce them in his brothers (7) His design was based upon the physical force of capillarity where air replace the ink used giving a smooth, even, blot
21、free flow. His idea was patented in 1884 but he continued to sell insurance while (8) just a few hundreds pens per year. However, Waterman saw the (9) of advertising and sales increased rapidly. Gold nibs were (10) from New York and in 1900 a factory was built in Montreal, Canada to make the pens. A
22、. rivalD. benefitsG. toleranceJ. regulation M. haste B. manufacturingE. vitalH. obtained K. occasion N. office C. contractF. escapedI. purchasing L. create O. workshop（分数：90.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_Passage FifteenImagine a magical building material. I
23、ts cheap, perhaps even free. Its plentiful everywhere, worldwide. Its strong enough to hold up under (1) weather conditions. Its inexpensive to heat and cool. And its so easy to use that workers can learn the necessary skills in a few hours.This marvelous (2) isnt only cheap as dirt, it is dirt, and
24、 its winning new respect from (3) , engineers, and designers. One look at the Great Wall of China will tell you how (4) earthen construction can be. And, concerns for the environment and energyconservationmakeordinarydirtlookdownright(完全) (5) .What does an earth house look like? Perhaps it will rese
25、mble the 400-year-old Taos Pueblo. It may be (6) of adobe, rammed earth, mud or straw. It may be underground or earth sheltered. Or, perhaps it will take on strange new forms.No one can argue with the environmental benefits of using mud and straw. But the ecological building movement does have (7) .
26、 In an interview with The Independent, Patrick Hannay, from the Welsh School of Architecture, attacked the straw bale (8) at the Centre for Altemative Technology in Wales. “There would appear to be little aesthetic(美学的) (9) here,“ Hannay said.But, you be the judge. Does “responsible architecture“ ha
27、ve to be unsightly? Can a cob, straw bale or earth sheltered home be (10) and comfortable? Would you like to live in one? A. attractiveD. originG. structuresJ. architects M. select B. leadershipE. durableH. constructed K. critics N. hatred C. extremeF. appealingI. substance L. polishing O. honorable
28、（分数：90.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_大学英语四级综合-20 答案解析(总分：450.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：5，分数：450.00)Passage ElevenThere is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling. No school I have taught in has ever (1
29、) spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill. There are, however, vastly different ideas about how to teach it, or how much (2) it must be given over general language development and (3) ability. The problem is how to encourage a child to express himself freely and (4) in writing without
30、 holding him back with the complexities(复杂) of spelling.If spelling becomes the only focal point of his teachers interest, clearly a bright child will be likely to “play safe“. He will (5) to write only words within his spelling range, choosing to (6) adventurous language. Thats why teachers often e
31、ncourage the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to (7) rather than technical ability.I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personal experience: “This work is terrible! There are far too many spelling errors and your writing is illegible.“ It may ha
32、ve been a sharp criticism of the pupils technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay, which contained some beautiful expressions of the childs deep feelings. The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the (8) , but if his prior
33、ities had (9) on the childs ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation (动机) to seek (10) A. confidentlyD. errorsG. priorit5,J. maintain M. centered B. avoidE. tendH. instinct K. ignored N. improvement C. contentF. writingI. largely L.
34、notions O. notebook（分数：90.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：K）解析：分析句子结构可知，has ever_spelling 和 considered it unimportant 在意义上应该是相近的，该空需填入动词过去分词，K(忽略)符合文意。填空项 1:_ （正确答案：G）解析：上文提到学校对于拼写还是重视的，接着用 however 一转，说明重视程度是不一样的，即给予的优先权不一样，故选 G。填空项 1:_ （正确答案：F）解析：结合句意“综合语言发展和_能力”和下文提到的 writing 可知，拼写往往和写作有关，故 F 符合文意。填空项 1:_ （正确答案：
35、A）解析：分析句子结构可知，空格处所缺单词应和 freely 在词性上相同，意义上相近，故 A(自信地)符合文意。填空项 1:_ （正确答案：E）解析：上文提到如果拼写是老师惟一关注的焦点，聪明的孩子很显然可能会“打保险球”，空格所在句句意为“他会_只用自己拼写能力范围内的单词”可知，E(倾向于)符合文意。填空项 1:_ （正确答案：B）解析：此处 to 后接动词原形。adventurous language 指不是学生拼写能力范围内的词，那么要 play safe 的话，就一定会避免，故选 B。填空项 1:_ （正确答案：C）解析：结合句意“那就是为什么老师通常鼓励学生提早使用字典，注重_更
36、甚于技巧”可知，C(内容)符合文意。填空项 1:_ （正确答案：D）解析：上文提到有人因为作品中的错误很多而认为作品很糟糕，由此可推测有的老师看重拼写错误，故D(错误)符合文意。填空项 1:_ （正确答案：M）解析：该空需填入动词的过去分词，且与 on 连用，故选 M。center on 意为“集中”。填空项 1:_ （正确答案：N）解析：此处须填入名词作 seek 的宾语，结合句意“将给学生更多的动力来寻求”可知，N(进步，提高)符合文意。Passage TwelveJust like children, deer often cross British roads to get to th
37、e other side. But the cost is the deers life. At night, (1) cars hit and kill the animals. Now foresters are using natural animal (2) to prevent dangerous crossings.In England, the British Forestry Commission has (3) thousands of glowing red “wolf eyes“ along woodland roads. The eyes are actually re
38、flectors (反射镜), (4) bars like the red reflectors on your bike. The ten-centimeter long bars are fixed on top of posts, with only these signs directed towards the woods rather than the roads.When cars speed by, light rays from car headlights reflect offthe reflectors shining surface and (5) into the
39、woods. Deer are instantly (6) by the wolf eyes-even though wolves havent (7) deer in Britain or even lived there for a hundred years!Scientists think the glowing light (8) the “eye shine“ of nightly beasts. (Youve probably seen eye shine on cats. Mirror-like cells in the eyes (9) some light that hit
40、s them. ) The deer must not have “forgotten“ that a wolf can run up to 72 km per hour in (10) pursuit, or can sniff (嗅) deer out from 2.4 km away. A. scaredD. instinctsG. fancyJ. hunted M. hot B. installedE. speedingH. attracts K. imitates N. reflect C. plasticF. displayI. flash L. harmony O. instru
41、ments（分数：90.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：E）解析：文章开头提到穿过马路的鹿有时要付出生命的代价。结合常识可知，夜间行驶的车速度都很快，故E 符合文意。填空项 1:_ （正确答案：D）解析：空格所在句意为“现在，护林人正利用自然界动物的_来阻止危险的横穿马路行为”，结合下文提到的 wolf eyes 来看选项可知，D(本能)符合文意。填空项 1:_ （正确答案：B）解析：该空需填入动词过去分词，选项中只有 A、B 和 J 是过去分词。结合句意“在英格兰，英国森林委员会已经沿着林地的公路_了上千双闪着红光的狼眼”可知，B(安装)符合文意。填空项 1:_ （正确答案：C）解析：该空
42、需填入形容词，结合句意“这些眼睛其实是反射物_一些类似于你自行车上的红色反射镜的_块”，由常识可知，自行车上的反射镜通常是塑料材质的，故 C(塑料的)符合文意。填空项 1:_ （正确答案：I）解析：该空需填入和 reflect 并列的动词，结合句意“车灯的光线被反射镜光亮的表面反射出来，然后_入树林里”可知，在树林里应该会看到这些反射光，故 I(闪现)符合文意。填空项 1:_ （正确答案：A）解析：结合常识和句意“鹿立刻就被这些狼眼_”可知，A(恐吓，惊吓)符合文意。填空项 1:_ （正确答案：J）解析：从句意容易判断，这里是要表达 wolves 不以 deer 为猎物，整句句意为“尽管在英国
43、上百年来狼不再以鹿为猎物，甚至狼根本不生活在那儿”，故选 J。填空项 1:_ （正确答案：K）解析：该空需填入形式为第三人称单数的动词，结合句意“科学家认为红光_夜间动物的眼光”可知，K(模仿)符合文意。填空项 1:_ （正确答案：N）解析：该空需填入动词，结合常识可知，猫眼在夜间反光，故 N(反射)符合文意。填空项 1:_ （正确答案：M）解析：狼遇上猎物通常是穷追不舍，选项中能和 in pursuit 搭配的只有 M，in hot pursuit 是固定搭配，意为“穷追不舍”。Passage ThirteenIt was once believed that being overweigh
44、t was healthy, but nowadays few people subscribe to this viewpoint. While many people are fighting the battle to reduce weight, studies are being conducted concerning the (1) and how it is controlled by both emotional and biochemical factors. Some of the (2) of these studies may give insights into h
45、ow to deal with weight problems. For example, when several hundred people were asked about their eating habits in times of stress, 44 percent said they reacted to stressful situations by eating. Further investigations with both humans and animals indicated that it is not food which (3) tension but rather the act of (4) A test in which subjects were blindfolded showed that obese (肥胖的) people have a keener sense of taste and crave (渴望) more flavorful food than non-obese people. When depri
