1、大学英语四级综合-21 及答案解析(总分：180.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Unit 4(总题数：4，分数：180.00)Passage OneEvery profession or trade, every art, and every science has its technical vocabulary. Different occupations, however, differ widely in the character of their special vocabularies. In trades and handicrafts, and other vocation
2、s, like farming and fishery, that have occupied great numbers of men from remote times, the technical vocabulary, is very old. It consists largely of native words, or of borrowed words that have worked themselves into the very iiber of our language.Hence, though highly technical in many particulars,
3、 these vocabularies are more familiar in sound, and more generally understood, than most other technicalities. The special dialects of law, medicine, divinity(神学), and philosophy have also, in their older strata(社会阶层), become pretty familiar to cultivated persons and have contributed much to the pop
4、ular vocabulary. Yet every vocation still possesses a large body of technical terms that remain essentially foreign, even to educated speech. And the proportion has been much increased in the last fifty years, particularly in the various departments of natural and political science and in the mechan
5、ic arts. Here new terms are coined with the greatest freedom and abandoned with indifference when they have served their turn. Most of the new coinages are confined to special discussions, and seldom get into general literature or conversation.Yet no profession is nowadays, as all professions once w
6、ere, a close guild. The lawyer, the physician, the man of science, the divine, associated freely with his fellow-creatures, and does not meet them in a merely professional way. Furthermore, what is called “popular science“ makes everybody acquainted with modem views and recent discoveries. Any impor
7、tant experiment, though made in a remote or provincial laboratory, is at once reported in the newspapers, and everybody is soon talking about it-as in the case of the Roentgen rays and wireless telegraphy(电信技术). Thus our common speech is always taking up new technical terms and making them commonpla
8、ce.（分数：45.00）(1).Special words used in technical discussion _（分数：9.00）A.never last longB.are considered artificial language speechC.should be confined to scientific fieldsD.may become part of common speech(2).It is TRUE that_（分数：9.00）A.an educated person would be expected to know most technical term
9、sB.everyone is interested in scientific findingsC.the average man often uses in his own vocabulary what was once technical language not meant for himD.various professions and occupations often interchange their dialects and jargons(3).In recent years, there has been a marked increase in the number o
10、f technical terms in the terminology of_（分数：9.00）A.farmingB.sportsC.governmentD.fishery(4).The writer of the article was, no doubt_（分数：9.00）A.a linguistB.an essayistC.a scientistD.an attorney(5).The authors main purpose of the passage is to _（分数：9.00）A.describe a phenomenonB.be entertainingC.argue a
11、 beliefD.propose a solutionPassage TwoIn a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many household tasks are shared to a greater or lesser extent, notions of male superiority are hard to maintain. The pattern of sharing in tasks and in decision makes for equality a
12、nd this in turn leads to further sharing. In such a home, the growing boy and girl learn to accept equality more easily than did their parents and to prepare more fully for participation in a world characterized by cooperation rather than by the “battle of the sexes“.If the process goes too far and
13、mans role is regarded as less important-and that has happened in some cases-we are as badly off as before, only in reverse.It is time to reassess the role of the man in the American family. We are getting a little tired of “Momism“-but we dont want to exchange it for a “neo-Popism“. What we need, ra
14、ther, is the recognition that bringing up children involves a partnership of equals. There are signs that psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, and specialists on the family are becoming more aware of the part men play and that they have decided that women should not receive all the credit n
15、or the blame. We have almost given up saying that a womans place is in the home. We are beginning, however, to analyze mans place in the home and to insist that he does have a place in it. Nor is that place irrelevant to the healthy development of the child.The family is a co-operative enterprise fo
16、r which it is difficult to lay down rules, because each family needs to work out its own ways for solving its own problems.Excessive authoritarianism(命令主义) has unhappy consequences, whether it wears skirts or trousers, and the ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is pertinent(中肯的) not on
17、ly to a healthy democracy but also to a healthy family.（分数：45.00）(1).The danger in the sharing of household tasks by the mother and the father is that_（分数：9.00）A.the role of the father may become an inferior oneB.the role of the mother may become an inferior oneC.the children will grow up believing
18、that life is a battle of sexesD.sharing leads to constant arguing(2).The author states that bringing up children _（分数：9.00）A.is mainly the mothers jobB.belongs among the duties of the fatherC.is the job of schools and churchesD.involves a partnership of equals(3).The ideal of equal rights and equal
19、responsibilities is_（分数：9.00）A.fundamental to a sound democracyB.not pertinent to healthy family lifeC.responsible for MomismD.what we have almost given up(4).According to the author, the fathers role in the home is_（分数：9.00）A.minor because he is an ineffectual parentB.irrelevant to the healthy deve
20、lopment of the childC.necessary to the healthy development of the childD.identical to the role of the childs mother(5).With which of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree?（分数：9.00）A.A healthy, cooperative family is a basic ingredient of a healthy society.B.Men are basical
21、ly opposed to sharing household chores.C.Division of household responsibilities is workable only in theory.D.A woman is more important in the home now than used to bPassage ThreeWe find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and exp
22、erience are enriched. We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming(把按能力分班) pupils. It does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child. After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the
23、bottom of the top grade!Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual ability. This is only one aspect of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability. We also value personal qual
24、ities and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.In our classroom, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups: this gives them the opportunity to learn to cooperate, to share, and to develop leadership skills. They also learn
25、 how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyze and evaluate, and to communicate effectively. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher. Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on individual tasks and assignments,
26、 and they can do this at their own speed. They also have some formal class teaching when this is appropriate. We encourage our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this efficiently. An advanced pupil can do advanced work: it does not matter what age the ch
27、ild is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal.（分数：45.00）(1).In the passage the authors attitude towards “mixed-ability teaching“ is _（分数：9.00）A.criticalB.questioningC.approvingD.objective(2).By “held back“(Line 1, Par（分数：9.00
28、）A.l) the author means _A. made to remain in the same classesB. forced to study in the lower classesC. drawn to their studiesD. prevented from advancing(3).The author argues that a teachers chief concern should be the development of the students_（分数：9.00）A.personal qualities and social skillsB.total
29、 personalityC.learning ability and communicative skillsD.intellectual ability(4).Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the third paragraph?（分数：9.00）A.Group work gives pupils the opportunity to learn to work together with others.B.Pupils also learn to develop their reasoning abilities.C.Group wo
30、rk provides pupils with the opportunity to learn to be capable organizers.D.Pupils also learn how to participate in teaching activities.(5).The authors purpose of writing this passage is to_（分数：9.00）A.argue for teaching bright and not-too-bright pupils in the same classB.recommend pair work and grou
31、p work for classroom activitiesC.offer advice on the proper use of the libraryD.emphasize the importance of appropriate formal classroom teachingPassage FourA rapid means of long-distance transportation became a necessity for the United States as settlement spread ever farther westward. The early tr
32、ains were impractical curiosities, and for a long time the railroad companies met with troublesome mechanical problems. The most serious ones were the construction of rails able to bear the load, and the development of a safe, effective stopping system. Once these were solved, the railroad was estab
33、lished as the best means of land transportation. By 1860 there were thousands of miles of railroads crossing the eastern mountain ranges and reaching westward to the Mississippi. There were also regional southern and western lines.The high point in railroad building came with the construction of the
34、 first transcontinental system. In 1862 Congress authorized two western railroad companies to build lines fiom Nebraska westward and from California eastward to a meeting point, so as to complete a transcontinental crossing linking the Atlantic seaboard with the Pacific. The Government helped the ra
35、ilroads generously with money and land. Actual work on this project began four years later. The Central Pacific Company, starting from California, used Chinese labor, while the Union Pacific employed crews of Irish laborers. The two groups worked at remarkable speed, each trying to cover a greater d
36、istance than the other. In 1869 they met at a place called Promontory which is now the state of Utah. Many visitors came there for the great occasion. There were joyous celebrations all over the country, with parades and the ringing of church bells to honor the great achievement.The railroad was ver
37、y important in encouraging westward movement. It helped build up industry and farming by moving raw materials and by distributing products rapidly to distant markets. In linking towns and people to one another it helped unify the United States.（分数：45.00）(1).What most likely made people think about a
38、 transcontinental railroad?（分数：9.00）A.The possibility of government support for such a task.B.The need to explore Utah.C.The need to connect the east coast with the west.D.The need to develop the railroad industry in the west.(2).The major problems with Americas railroad system in the mid-19th centu
39、ry lay in_（分数：9.00）A.poor quality rails and unreliable stopping systemsB.lack of financial support for developmentC.limited railroad linesD.lack of a transcontinental railroad(3).The construction of the transcontinental railroad took _（分数：9.00）A.9 yearsB.7 yearsC.4 yearsD.3 years(4).The building of
40、the first transcontinental system _（分数：9.00）A.brought about a rapid growth of industry and farming in the westB.attracted many visitors to the construction sitesC.attracted laborers from EuropeD.encouraged people to travel all over the country(5).The best title for this passage would be _（分数：9.00）A.
41、Settlements Spread WestwardB.The Coast-to-Coast Railroad: A Vital LinkC.American Railroad HistoryD.The Importance of Railroads in the American Economy大学英语四级综合-21 答案解析(总分：180.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Unit 4(总题数：4，分数：180.00)Passage OneEvery profession or trade, every art, and every science has its technical vo
42、cabulary. Different occupations, however, differ widely in the character of their special vocabularies. In trades and handicrafts, and other vocations, like farming and fishery, that have occupied great numbers of men from remote times, the technical vocabulary, is very old. It consists largely of n
43、ative words, or of borrowed words that have worked themselves into the very iiber of our language.Hence, though highly technical in many particulars, these vocabularies are more familiar in sound, and more generally understood, than most other technicalities. The special dialects of law, medicine, d
44、ivinity(神学), and philosophy have also, in their older strata(社会阶层), become pretty familiar to cultivated persons and have contributed much to the popular vocabulary. Yet every vocation still possesses a large body of technical terms that remain essentially foreign, even to educated speech. And the p
45、roportion has been much increased in the last fifty years, particularly in the various departments of natural and political science and in the mechanic arts. Here new terms are coined with the greatest freedom and abandoned with indifference when they have served their turn. Most of the new coinages
46、 are confined to special discussions, and seldom get into general literature or conversation.Yet no profession is nowadays, as all professions once were, a close guild. The lawyer, the physician, the man of science, the divine, associated freely with his fellow-creatures, and does not meet them in a
47、 merely professional way. Furthermore, what is called “popular science“ makes everybody acquainted with modem views and recent discoveries. Any important experiment, though made in a remote or provincial laboratory, is at once reported in the newspapers, and everybody is soon talking about it-as in
48、the case of the Roentgen rays and wireless telegraphy(电信技术). Thus our common speech is always taking up new technical terms and making them commonplace.（分数：45.00）(1).Special words used in technical discussion _（分数：9.00）A.never last longB.are considered artificial language speechC.should be confined
49、to scientific fieldsD.may become part of common speech 解析：细节题。第一段讲到，在贸易、工艺和其他领域，许多专业术语成为我们日常用语的一部分，第二、三段也提到这一点，第一段还提到在传统职业领域，一些专业术语非常古老，因此 A 可以排除，选 D。(2).It is TRUE that_（分数：9.00）A.an educated person would be expected to know most technical termsB.everyone is interested in scientific findingsC.the average man often uses in his own vocabulary what was once technical language not meant for him D.various professions and occupations often interchange their dialects and jargons解析：细节
