1、大学英语四级阅读分类真题 1及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Paragraph 1 Junk food is everywhere. Were eating way too much of it. Most of us know what were doing and yet we do it anyway.Paragraph 2 So heres a suggestion offered
2、by two researchers at the Rand Corporation: Why not take a lesson from alcohol control policies and apply them to where food is sold and how its displayed?Paragraph 3 “Many policy measures to control obesity (肥胖症) assume that people consciously and rationally choose what and how much they eat and th
3、erefore focus on providing information and more access to healthier foods,“ note the two researchers.Paragraph 4 “In contrast,“ the researchers continue, “many regulations that dont assume people make rational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol, a substancelike foodof which im
4、moderate consumption leads to serious health problems.“Paragraph 5 The research references studies of peoples behavior with food and alcohol and results of alcohol restrictions, and then lists five regulations that the researchers think might be promising if applied to junk foods. Among them:Paragra
5、ph 6 Density restrictions: licenses to sell alcohol arent handed out unplanned to all comers but are allotted (分配) based on the number of places in an area that already sell alcohol. These make alcohol less easy to get and reduce the number of psychological cues to drink.Paragraph 7 Similarly, the r
6、esearchers say, being presented with junk food stimulates our desire to eat it. So why not limit the density of food outlets, particularly ones that sell food rich in empty calories? And why not limit sale of food in places that arent primarily food stores?Paragraph 8 Display and sales restrictions:
7、 California has a rule prohibiting alcohol displays near the cash registers in gas stations, and in most places you cant buy alcohol at drive-through facilities. At supermarkets, food companies pay to have their wares in places where theyre easily seen. One could remove junk food to the back of the
8、store and ban them from the shelves at checkout lines. The other measures include restricting portion sizes, taxing and prohibiting special price deals for junk foods, and placing warning labels on the products.（分数：10.00）(1).What does the author say about junk food?APeople should be educated not to
9、eat too much.BIt is widely consumed despite its ill reputation.CIts temptation is too strong for people to resist.DIt causes more harm than is generally realized.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What do the Rand researchers think of many of the policy measures to control obesity?AThey should be implemented effe
10、ctively.BThey provide misleading information.CThey are based on wrong assumptions.DThey help people make rational choices.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Why do policymakers of alcohol control place density restrictions?AFew people are able to resist alcohols temptations.BThere are already too many stores sell
11、ing alcohol.CDrinking strong alcohol can cause social problems.DEasy access leads to customers over-consumption.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What is the purpose of Californias rule about alcohol display in gas stations?ATo effectively limit the density of alcohol outlets.BTo help drivers to give up the habi
12、t of drinking.CTo prevent possible traffic jams in nearby areas.DTo get alcohol out of drivers immediate sight.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What is the general guideline the Rand researchers suggest about junk food control?AGuiding people to make rational choices about food.BEnhancing peoples awareness of t
13、heir own health.CBorrowing ideas from alcohol control measures.DResorting to economic, legal and psychological means.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.四、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Paragraph 1 Kodaks decision to file for bankruptcy (破产) protection is a sad, though not unexpected, turning point for a leading American
14、corporation that pioneered consumer photography and dominated the film market for decades, but ultimately failed to adapt to the digital revolution.Paragraph 2 Although many attribute Kodaks downfall to “complacency (自满),“ that explanation doesnt acknowledge the lengths to which the company went to
15、reinvent itself. Decades ago, Kodak anticipated that digital photography would overtake film-and in fact, Kodak invented the first digital camera in 1975but in a fateful decision, the company chose to shelf its new discovery to focus on its traditional film business.Paragraph 3 It wasnt that Kodak w
16、as blind to the future, said Rebecca Henderson, a professor at Harvard Business School, but rather that it failed to execute on a strategy to confront it. By the time the company realized its mistake, it was too late.Paragraph 4 Kodak is an example of a firm that was very much aware that they had to
17、 adapt, and spent a lot of money trying to do so, but ultimately failed. Large companies have a difficult time switching to new markets because there is a temptation to put existing assets into the new businesses.Paragraph 5 Although Kodak anticipated the inevitable rise of digital photography, its
18、corporate (企业的)culture was too rooted in the successes of the past for it to make the clean break necessary to fully embrace the future. They were a company stuck in time. Their history was so important to them. Now their history has become a liability.Paragraph 6 Kodaks downfall over the last sever
19、al decades was dramatic. In 1976, the company commanded 90% of the market for photographic film and 85% of the market for cameras. But the 1980s brought new competition from Japanese film company Fuji Photo, which undermined Kodak by offering lower prices for film and photo supplies. Kodaks decision
20、 not to pursue the role of official film for the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics was a major miscalculation. The bid went instead to Fuji, which exploited its sponsorship to win a permanent foothold in the marketplace.（分数：10.00）(1).What do we learn about Kodak?AIt went bankrupt all of a sudden.BIt is appr
21、oaching its downfall.CIt initiated the digital revolution in the film industry.DIt is playing the dominant role in the film market.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Why does the author mention Kodaks invention of the first digital camera?ATo show its early attempt to reinvent itself.BTo show its effort to overco
22、me complacency.CTo show its quick adaptation to the digital revolution.DTo show its will to compete with Japans Fuji Photo.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Why do large companies have difficulty switching to new markets?AThey find it costly to give up their existing assets.BThey tend to be slow in confronting n
23、ew challenges.CThey are unwilling to invest in new technology.DThey are deeply stuck in their glorious past.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What does the author say Kodaks history has become?AA burden.BA mirror.CA joke.DA challenge.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What was Kodaks fatal mistake?AIts blind faith in traditio
24、nal photography.BIts failure to see Fuji Photos emergence.CIts refusal to sponsor the 1984 Olympics.DIts overconfidence in its corporate culture.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Paragraph 1 As you are probably aware, the latest job markets news isnt good: Unemployment is still more th
25、an 9 percent, and new job growth has fallen close to zero. Thats bad for the economy, of course. And it may be especially discouraging if you happen to be looking for a job or hoping to change careers right now. But it actually shouldnt matter to you nearly as much as you think.Paragraph 2 Thats bec
26、ause job growth numbers dont matter to job hunters as much as job turnover (人员更替) data. After all, existing jobs open up every day due to promotions, resignations, terminations (解雇), and retirements. (Yes, people are retiring even in this economy.) In both good times and bad, turnover creates more o
27、penings than economic growth does. Even in June of 2007, when the economy was still moving ahead, job growth was only 132,000, while turnover was 4.7 million!Paragraph 3 And as it turns out, even todaywith job growth near zeroover 4 million job hunters are being hired every month.Paragraph 4 I dont
28、mean to imply that overall job growth doesnt have an impact on ones ability to land a job. Its true that if total employment were higher. It would mean more jobs for all of us to choose from (and compete for). And its true that there are currently more people applying for each available job opening,
29、 regardless of whether its a new one or not.Paragraph 5 But what often distinguishes those who land jobs from those who dont is their ability to stay motivated. Theyre willing to do the hard work of identifying their valuable skills; he creative about where and how to look; learn how to present them
30、selves to potential employers; and keep going, even after repeated rejections. The Bureau of Labor Statistics data shows that 2.7 million people who wanted and were available for work hadnt looked within the last four weeks and were no longer even classified as unemployed.Paragraph 6 So dont let the
31、 headlines fool you into giving up. Four million people get hired every month in the U.S. You can be one of them.（分数：10.00）(1).The author tends to believe that high unemployment rate _.Adeprives many people of job opportunitiesBprevents many people from changing careersCshould not stop people from l
32、ooking for a jobDdoes not mean the U.S. economy is worsening（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Where do most job openings come from?AJob growth.BJob turnover.CImproved economy.DBusiness expansion.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What does the author say about overall job growth?AIt doesnt have much effect on individual job s
33、eekers.BIt increases peoples confidence in the economy.CIt gives a ray of hope to the unemployed.DIt doesnt mean greater job security for the employed.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What is the key to landing a job according to the author?AEducation.BIntelligence.CPersistence.DExperience.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).
34、What do we learn from the passage about the unemployment figures in the U.S.?AThey clearly indicate how healthy the economy is.BThey provide the public with the latest information.CThey warn of the structural problems in the economy.DThey exclude those who have stopped looking for a job.（分数：2.00）A.B
35、.C.D.六、Passage Four(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Paragraph 1 Our risk of cancer rises dramatically as we age. So it makes sense that the elderly should be routinely screened for new tumorsor doesnt it?Paragraph 2 While such vigilant (警觉) tracking of cancer is a good thing in general, researchers are increasingly
36、questioning whether all of this testing is necessary for the elderly. With the percentage of people over age 65 expected to nearly double by 2050, its important to weigh the health benefits of screening against the risks and costs of routine testing.Paragraph 3 In many cases, screening can lead to s
37、urgeries to remove cancer, while the cancers themselves may be slow-growing and may not pose serious health problems in patients remaining years. But the message that everyone must screen for cancer has become so deep-rooted that when health care experts recommended that women under 50 and over 74 s
38、top screening for breast cancer, it caused a riotous reaction among doctors, patients and advocacy groups.Paragraph 4 Its hard to uproot deeply held beliefs about cancer screening with scientific data. Certainly, there are people over age 75 who have had cancers detected by routine screening, and ga
39、ined several extra years of life because of treatment. And clearly, people over age 75 who have other risk factors for cancer, such as a family history or prior personal experience with the disease, should continue to get screened regularly. But for the remainder, the risk of cancer, while increased
40、 at the end of life, must be balanced with other factors like remaining life expectancy (预期寿命).Paragraph 5 A recent study suggests that doctors start to make more objective decisions about who will truly benefit from screeningespecially considering the explosion of the elderly that will soon swell o
41、ur population.Paragraph 6 Its not an easy calculation to make, but one that makes sense for all patients. Dr. Otis Brawley said, “Many doctors are ordering screening tests purely to cover themselves. We need to think about the rational use of health care.“Paragraph 7 That means making some difficult
42、 decisions with elderly patients, and going against the misguided belief that when it comes to health care, more is always better.（分数：10.00）(1).Why do doctors recommend routine cancer screening for elderly people?AIt is believed to contribute to long life.BIt is part of their health care package.CTh
43、e elderly are more sensitive about their health.DThe elderly are in greater danger of tumor growth.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).How do some researchers now look at routine cancer screening for the elderly?AIt adds too much to their medical bills.BIt helps increase their life expectancy.CThey are doubtful ab
44、out its necessity.DThey think it does more harm than good.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What is the conventional view about women screening for breast cancer?AIt applies to women over 50.BIt is a must for adult women.CIt is optional for young women.DIt doesnt apply to women over 74.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Why d
45、o many doctors prescribe routine screening for cancer?AThey want to protect themselves against medical disputes.BThey want to take advantage of the medical care system.CThey want data for medical research.DThey want their patients to suffer less.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What does the author say is the g
46、eneral view about health care?AThe more, the better.BPrevention is better than cure.CBetter early than late.DBetter care, longer life.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.七、Section B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Paragraph 1 In times of economic crisis, Americans turn to their families for support. If the
47、Great Depression is any guide, we may see a drop in our skyhigh divorce rate. But this wont necessarily represent an increase in happy marriages. In the long run, the Depression weakened American families, and the current crisis will probably do the same.Paragraph 2 We tend to think of the Depressio
48、n as a time when families pulled together to survive huge job losses. By 1932, when nearly one-quarter of the workforce was unemployed, the divorce rate had declined by around 25% from 1929. But this doesnt mean people were suddenly happier with their marriages. Rather, with incomes decreasing and i
49、nsecure jobs, unhappy couples often couldnt afford to divorce. They feared neither spouse could manage alone.Paragraph 3 Today, given the job losses of the past year, fewer unhappy couples will risk starting separate households. Furthermore, the housing market meltdown will make it more difficult for them to finance their separations by selling their homes.Paragraph 4 After financial disasters family members also tend to do whatever they can to help e
