1、翻译三级笔译实务分类模拟题 9及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、English Chinese Tran(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.Two teams of astronomers using the Hubble Space Telescope have overturned several decades of conjecture and theory by ruling out the possibility that small, dim stars make up most of the mass in the universe. Until no
2、w, small stars known as faint red dwarfs were considered ideal candidates for the socalled “dark matter“ that is believed to account for more than 90 percent of the mass of the universe. All visible celestial objects, such as planets, stars and galaxies, are believed to account for only 10 percent o
3、f the mass of the universe. The rest of the “missing mass“ is presumably invisible because it does not emit or reflect light, or the light is too feeble to be detected. But dark matter can be indirectly detected due to its gravitational influence on other visible objects. According to Bacall, profes
4、sor of natural science at the Institute of Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey and leader of one of the teams, the nature of dark matter, and its abundance, are among the most important questions in modem cosmology today. The ultimate fate of the universe will be determined by the amount of dark
5、 matter present. If there is not enough dark matter to bind the universe together gravitationally, it could continue expanding forever. If there is enough mass to hold the universe together gravitationally, the universe may slow down its expansion, come to a halt and begin to contract and eventually
6、 collapse. （分数：20.00）_2.Imagine fishermen walking down to the seashore, ready to carry out their early morning routine of preparing their boats and net. As usual they hope for a good catch of fish. But to their astonishment, a horrible sight meets their still sleepy eyes. Thousands of fish have been
7、 washed ashore dead. The cause of this mass destruction? A red tide! Red tides are a global phenomenon, They have been observed on both the Atlantic and the Pacific coasts of the United States and Canada. They have also occurred in many other places. Though relatively few people are aware of them, r
8、ed tides are not new. In the Philippines, a red tide was first seen in the province of Bata an in 1908. Since then, red tides have been seen in many other coastal areas A Philippines red tide expert told us that “besides the fish kills, the Philippines has documented 1,926 eases of dead shellfish po
9、isoning caused by red tides.“ The term “red tide“ applies to the discoloration of water that sometimes occurs in certain areas of the ocean or sea. Although the color is often red, it may also be shades of brown or yellow. The World Book Encyclopedia reports that “the discolored areas may range from
10、 less than a few square yards to more than 2,600 square kilometers.“ What causes such discoloration? Red tides are generally caused by several species of single-celled organisms. These tiny organisms have hair-like projections which they use to propel them-selves in water. There are about 2,000 vari
11、eties of these organisms, 30 of which carry poisonous substances these minute organisms usually stay in warm waters with high content of salt. A red tide occurs when there is a sudden and rapid bloom of these organisms. The concentration of these organisms may swell to 50,000,000 per quart of water!
12、 Although scientists do not fully understand why this happens. It is known that these organisms accumulate when certain conditions simultaneously affect the water. These include abnormal weather, optimum temperatures, an over-supply of nutrients in the water, a generous amount of sunlight, and favor
13、able water currents. When a heavy rainfall occurs, minerals and other nutrients are sometimes washed from the land into coastal water. These nutrients can contribute to the breeding of the organisms. The result? Red tides! （分数：20.00）_3.With 950 million people, India ranks second to China among the m
14、ost populous countries. But since China launched a family planning program in 1971, India has been closing the gap Indians have reduced their birth rate but not nearly as much as the Chinese have. If current growth rates continue, India“s population will pass China“s around the year 2028 at about 1.
15、7 billion. Should that happen, it won“t be the fault of the enlightened women of Kerala, a state in southern India. While India as a whole adds almost 20 million people a year, Kerala“s population is virtually stable. The reason is no mystery: nearly two-thirds of Kerala women practice birth control
16、, compared with about 40% in the entire nation. The difference lies in the emphasis put on health programs, including birth control, by the state authorities, which in 1957 became India“s first elected Communist government. And an educational tradition and matrilineal (母系的) customs in parts of Keral
17、a help girls and boys get equally good schooling. While one in three Indian women is literate, 90% of those in Kerala can read and write. Higher literacy rates foster family planning. “Unlike our parents, we know that we can do more for our children if we have fewer of them,“ says Laial Cherian, 33,
18、 who lives in the village of Kuda-maloor. She has limited herself as three childrenone below the national average of four. That kind of restraint (抑制,克制) will keep Kerala from putting added pressure on world food supplies. （分数：20.00）_4.There is virtually no limit to how one can serve community inter
19、ests, from spending a few hours a week with some charitable organizations to practically fulltime work for a social agency. Just as there are opportunities for voluntary service overseas (VSO) for young people before they take up fulltime employment, so there are opportunities for overseas service f
20、or qualified technicians in developing countries. Some people, particularly those who retire early, offer their technical and business skills in countries where there is a special need. So in considering voluntary or paid community service there are more opportunities than there ever were when one f
21、irst began work. Most voluntary organizations have only a small fulltime staff, and depend very much on volunteers and part-timers. This means that working relationships are different from those in commercial organizations, and values may be different. In some ways they may seem more casual and less
22、 efficient, but one should not judge them by commercial criteria. The people who work with them do so for different reasons and with different objectives, both personal and organizational One should not join them expecting to arm them with professional expertise; they must be joined with commitment
23、to the cause, not business efficiency. Because salaries are small or non-existent many voluntary bodies offer modest expenses. But many retired people take part in community service for free, simply because they enjoy the work. Many community activities possible in retirement were also possible duri
24、ng one“s working life but they are to be undertaken no less seriously for that. Retired people who are just looking for something different or unusual to do should not consider taking community service. （分数：20.00）_5.Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. Ideally, therefor
25、e, the choice of an occupation should be made even before the choice of a curriculum in high school. Actually, however, most people make several job choices during their working lives, partly because of economic and industrial changes and partly to improve their position. The “one perfect job“ does
26、not exist. Young people should therefore enter into a broad flexible training program that will fit them for a field of work rather than for a single job. Unfortunately many young people have to make career plans without benefit of help from a competent vocational counselor or psychologist. Knowing
27、little about the occupational world, or themselves for that matter, they choose their lifework on a hit-or-miss basis Some drift from job to job. Others stick to work in which they are unhappy and for which they are not fitted. One common mistake is choosing an occupation for its real or imagined pr
28、estige. Too many high-school studentsor their parents for themchoose the professional field, disregarding both the relatively small proportion of workers in the professions and the extremely high educational and personal requirements The imagined or real prestige of a profession or a “White-collar“
29、job is no good reason for choosing it as life“s work, Moreove, these occupations are not always well paid. Since a large proportion of jobs are in mechanical and manual work, the majority of young people should give serious consideration to these fields. Before making an occupational choice, a perso
30、n should have a general idea of what he wants out of life and how hard he is willing to work to get it. Some people desire social prestige, others intellectual satisfaction. Some want security, others are willing to take risks for financial gain. Each occupational choice has its demands as well as i
31、ts rewards. （分数：20.00）_翻译三级笔译实务分类模拟题 9答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、English Chinese Tran(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.Two teams of astronomers using the Hubble Space Telescope have overturned several decades of conjecture and theory by ruling out the possibility that small, dim stars make up most of the mass in
32、the universe. Until now, small stars known as faint red dwarfs were considered ideal candidates for the socalled “dark matter“ that is believed to account for more than 90 percent of the mass of the universe. All visible celestial objects, such as planets, stars and galaxies, are believed to account
33、 for only 10 percent of the mass of the universe. The rest of the “missing mass“ is presumably invisible because it does not emit or reflect light, or the light is too feeble to be detected. But dark matter can be indirectly detected due to its gravitational influence on other visible objects. Accor
34、ding to Bacall, professor of natural science at the Institute of Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey and leader of one of the teams, the nature of dark matter, and its abundance, are among the most important questions in modem cosmology today. The ultimate fate of the universe will be determined
35、 by the amount of dark matter present. If there is not enough dark matter to bind the universe together gravitationally, it could continue expanding forever. If there is enough mass to hold the universe together gravitationally, the universe may slow down its expansion, come to a halt and begin to c
36、ontract and eventually collapse. （分数：20.00）_正确答案：()解析：两个天文学家小组用哈勃太空望远镜排除了宇宙暗弱的小行星构成宇宙主要质量的可能性，从而推翻了几十年来的推测和理论。 到现在为止，被称为淡红矮星的小星体一直被认为是所谓的“暗物质”的理想物质。天文学家认为，整个宇宙的百分之九十都是由这种暗物质构成的。 天文学家认为，行星、恒星和银河之类的所有可以看得见的天体只是构成了宇宙质量的百分之十左右。其他的“隐形质量”是不可见的，由于它们不自己发光，也不反射光，或者是发出的光太微弱，因而无法被探测到。但是由于暗物质对其他可见天体有引力作用，因此可以间接
37、被检测到。 巴考尔是新泽西州普林斯顿高级研究所的自然科学的教授，也是两组天文学家中其中一组的学科带头人。按照他的说法，关于暗物质的本质和存在丰富性的讨论，是当代天文学上的重要研究课题之一。 宇宙的最终命运将由存在的暗物质的量来决定。如果没有足够的暗物质通过引力作用将宇宙粘合在一起的话，宇宙就会永远不停地膨胀。然而，如果能有足够的质量通过引力作用把宇宙拉合在一起的话，宇宙就有可能减速并停止膨胀，并开始收缩，并最终坍缩。2.Imagine fishermen walking down to the seashore, ready to carry out their early morning r
38、outine of preparing their boats and net. As usual they hope for a good catch of fish. But to their astonishment, a horrible sight meets their still sleepy eyes. Thousands of fish have been washed ashore dead. The cause of this mass destruction? A red tide! Red tides are a global phenomenon, They hav
39、e been observed on both the Atlantic and the Pacific coasts of the United States and Canada. They have also occurred in many other places. Though relatively few people are aware of them, red tides are not new. In the Philippines, a red tide was first seen in the province of Bata an in 1908. Since th
40、en, red tides have been seen in many other coastal areas A Philippines red tide expert told us that “besides the fish kills, the Philippines has documented 1,926 eases of dead shellfish poisoning caused by red tides.“ The term “red tide“ applies to the discoloration of water that sometimes occurs in
41、 certain areas of the ocean or sea. Although the color is often red, it may also be shades of brown or yellow. The World Book Encyclopedia reports that “the discolored areas may range from less than a few square yards to more than 2,600 square kilometers.“ What causes such discoloration? Red tides a
42、re generally caused by several species of single-celled organisms. These tiny organisms have hair-like projections which they use to propel them-selves in water. There are about 2,000 varieties of these organisms, 30 of which carry poisonous substances these minute organisms usually stay in warm wat
43、ers with high content of salt. A red tide occurs when there is a sudden and rapid bloom of these organisms. The concentration of these organisms may swell to 50,000,000 per quart of water! Although scientists do not fully understand why this happens. It is known that these organisms accumulate when
44、certain conditions simultaneously affect the water. These include abnormal weather, optimum temperatures, an over-supply of nutrients in the water, a generous amount of sunlight, and favorable water currents. When a heavy rainfall occurs, minerals and other nutrients are sometimes washed from the la
45、nd into coastal water. These nutrients can contribute to the breeding of the organisms. The result? Red tides! （分数：20.00）_正确答案：()解析：1908 年，在菲律宾的巴塔安省首次发现了赤潮。从那以后，在其他许多沿海地区也相继发现了赤潮。菲律宾的一位赤潮专家告诉我们：“除了导致鱼死亡外，菲律宾还有过 1926宗因赤潮而使贝类中毒的事例。” “赤潮”这个术语有时用来表示发生在海或洋的某些区域的水变色。水的颜色通常是红色的，但是也可能是棕色或黄色。世界书籍百科全书介绍说，“变色的
46、区域可能在不少于几平方码到 2600平方千米之间。” 是什么导致这样的水变色呢?一般来说，赤潮是由好几种单细胞种类生物引发的。这些微生物有像头发一样的突出物质，它们用这些东西在水中向前移动。大约有 2000种这样的生物，其中的 30种包含有毒的物种。这些微生物通常生活于含盐量高的温带水域。 这些生物突然并且快速繁殖时就会发生赤潮。这些生物的密度可能大量增加到每夸脱水 5000万个的标准!尽管科学家没有完全了解发生这种现象的原因，但是他们知道：当某些环境同时影响海水时，这些生物就会积聚。这些环境包括反常的天气、适宜的湿度、海水中营养物的过度供应、充足的阳光以及起促进作用的水流。当出现暴雨时，矿物
47、质和其他营养物有时被从陆地冲向沿海水域。这些营养物可能促进这些微生物的生长。结果是什么呢?赤潮!3.With 950 million people, India ranks second to China among the most populous countries. But since China launched a family planning program in 1971, India has been closing the gap Indians have reduced their birth rate but not nearly as much as the Chinese have. If current growth rates continue, India“s population will pass China“s around the year 2028 at about 1.7 billion. Should that happen, it won“t be the fault of the enlightened women of Kerala, a state in southern India. While India as a whole adds almost 20 mill
