1、翻译二级笔译综合能力分类模拟题 66 及答案解析(总分：59.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、 Reading Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Of all the areas of learning the most important is the development of attitudes. Emotional reactions as well as logical thought processes affect the behavior of most people. “The burnt child fears the fire“ is one inst
2、ance ; another is the rise of despots like Hitler. Both examples also point up the fact that attitudes stem from experience. In one case the experience was direct and impressive; in the other it was indirect and cumulative. The Nazis were indoctrinated largely by the speeches they heard and the book
3、s they read. The classroom teacher in the elementary school is in a strategic position to influence attitudes. This is true partly because children acquire attitudes from those adults whose word they respect. Another reason it is true is that pupils often delve somewhat deeply into a subject in scho
4、ol that has only been touched upon at home or has possibly never occurred to them before. To a child who had previously acquired little knowledge of Mexico, his teacher“s method of handling such a unit would greatly affect his attitude toward Mexicans. The media through which the teacher can develop
5、 wholesome attitudes are innumerable. Social studies (with special reference to races, creeds and nationalities) , science matters of health and safety, the very atmosphere of the classroom. these are a few of the fertile fields for the inculcation of proper emotional reactions. However. when childr
6、en come to school with undesirable attitudes, it is unwise for the teacher to attempt to change their feelings by cajoling or scolding them. She can achieve the proper effect by helping them obtain constructive experiences. To illustrate, first grade pupils afraid of policemen will probably alter th
7、eir attitudes after a classroom chat with the neighborhood officer in which he explains how he protects them. In the same way, a class of older children can develop attitudes through discussion, research, outside reading and all-day trips. Finally, a teacher must constantly evaluate her own attitude
8、s, because her influence can be deleterious if she has personal prejudices. This is especially true in respect to controversial issues and questions on which children should be encouraged to reach their own decisions as a result of objective analysis of all the facts.（分数：10.00）(1).The central idea o
9、f the above passage is that _.（分数：1.00）A.attitudes affect our actionsB.teachers are important in developing or changing pupils“ attitudesC.attitudes can be changed by some classroom experiencesD.by their attitudes, teachers inadvertently affect pupils“ attitudes(2).The word “despot“ underlined in Pa
10、ragraph 2 means a person _.（分数：1.00）A.who enjoys a high reputationB.who is very successful in politicsC.with unlimited powersD.who deposits a large sum of money in a bank(3).The pupils“ attitudes are NOT influenced by _.（分数：1.00）A.their parents“ persuasion to behave properlyB.their teachers“ attitud
11、esC.the speeches they hear and the books they readD.such media as social studies, science matter and classroom atmosphere(4).It can be inferred from the passage that the pupils _.（分数：1.00）A.usually study a certain subject in greater details at home than at schoolB.usually do not study a certain subj
12、ect at homeC.study the subjects only at schoolD.study a subject more deeply at school than at home(5).The example of the pupils“ learning about Mexico shows that _.（分数：1.00）A.a child usually learns the right things from their teachersB.a teacher can correct a pupil“s wrong ideasC.a teacher“s attitud
13、e can influence a child“s attitude by teachingD.a child“s attitude is very changeable(6).The author implies that _.（分数：1.00）A.the teacher should guide all discussions by revealing her own attitudeB.in some aspects of social studies a greater variety of methods can be used in the upper grades than in
14、 the lower gradesC.people usually act on the basis of reasoning rather than emotionD.children“s attitudes often come from those of other children(7).A statement made or implied in the passage is that _.（分数：1.00）A.attitudes can be based on the learning of falsehoodsB.a child can develop in the classr
15、oom an attitude about the importance of brushing his teethC.attitudes cannot easily be changed by rewards and lecturesD.the attitudes of elementary school-aged children are influenced primarily by their teachers(8).The passage specifically states that _.（分数：1.00）A.direct experiences are more valuabl
16、e than indirect onesB.whatever attitudes a child learns in school have already been introduced at homeC.teachers should always conceal their own attitudesD.teachers can sometimes have an unwholesome influence on children(9).From the last paragraph, we can see that _.（分数：1.00）A.a teacher“s influence
17、on children is always positiveB.children should be encouraged to reach their own decisions by ignoring objective factsC.if improperly handled, a teacher“s influence can be very harmful to the childrenD.children may develop prejudices if the teacher“s attitude is wrong(10).The author of this passage
18、tries to _.（分数：1.00）A.present certain facts of how the development of a person“s attitude can be influencedB.show that our society is not doing enough to help children shape their attitudesC.point out that teachers are the only people who can influence the children“s attitudesD.prove that speeches a
19、nd books are the only factors to indoctrinate children二、 Cloze Test(总题数：1，分数：50.00)Henry David ThoreauWhy I Went to the Woods Let us spend one day as deliberately as Nature, and not be thrown off the track by every nutshell and mosquito“s wing that falls on the rails. Let us rise early and fast, or
20、breakfast, gently and without perturbation; let company come and let company go, let the bells ring and the children crydetermined to make a day of it. Why should we knock under and go with the stream? Let us not be upset and 1 in that terrible rapid and whirlpool called a 2 , situated in the meridi
21、an shallows. Weather this 3 and you are safe, for the rest of the way is down 4 . With unrelaxed nerves, with morning vigor, sail by it, 5 another way, tied to the mast like Ulysses. If the engine 6 , let it whistle till it is hoarse for its pains. If the bell 7 , why should we run? We will consider
22、 what kind of 8 they are like. Let us settle ourselves, and work and 9 our feet downward through the mud and slush of 10 , and prejudice, and tradition, and delusion, and appearance, 11 alluvion which covers the globe, through Paris and London, through 12 and philosophy and religion, till we come to
23、 a hard 13 and rocks in place. Time is but the stream I go a-fishing in. I drink at it; but while I drink I see the 14 bottom and detect how shallow it is. Its thin 15 slides away, but eternity remains. I would drink 16 , fish in the sky, whose bottom is pebbly with 17 . I cannot count one. I know n
24、ot the first letter of the 18 . I have always been regretting that I was not as 19 as the day I was born. The intellect is a cleaver; it discerns and 20 its way into the secret of things. I do not wish to be any more busy with my hands than is necessary. My head is hands and feet. I feel all my best
25、 faculties concentrated in it. My instinct tells me that my head is an organ for burrowing, as some creatures use their snout and forepaws, and with it I would mine and burrow my way through these hills. I think that the richest vein is somewhere hereabouts; so by the divining-rod and thin rising va
26、pors, I judge; and here I will begin to mine.（分数：50.00）三、 Writing(总题数：1，分数：-1.00)1.Read the following English passage and then write a Chinese summary of approximately 300 words that expresses its main ideas and basic information. Deceptively small in column inches, a recent New York Times article h
27、olds large meaning for us in business. The item concerned one Daniel Provenzano, 38, of Upper Saddle River, N.J. Here is the relevant portion: When he owned a Fort Lee printing company called Advice Inc., Mr. Provenzano said he found out that a sales representative he employed had stolen $9,000. Mr.
28、 Provenzano said he told the man that “if he wanted to keep his employment, I would have to break his thumb.“ He said another Advice employee drove the sales representative to Holy Name Hospital in Teaneck, broke the thumb with a hammer outside the hospital, and then had a car service take the man h
29、ome after the thumb was repaired. Mr. Provenzano explained that he “didn“t want to set an example“ that workers could get away with stealing. The worker eventually paid back $4,500 and kept his job, he said. I know that you“re thinking: This is an outrage. I, too, was shocked that Provenzano was bei
30、ng prosecuted for his astute management. Indeed, I think his “modest proposal“ has a lot to teach managers as they struggle with the problems of our people-centered business environment. Problems such as Dealing with the bottom 10%. GE made the system famous, but plenty of companies are using it: Ev
31、ery year you get rid of the worst-evaluated workers. Many managers object that this practice is inhumane, but not dealing with that bottom 10% leads to big performance problems. Provenzano found a kinder, gentler answer. After all, this employee would have been fired virtually anywhere else. But at
32、Advice Inc., he stayed on the job. And you know what? I bet he became a very, veryveryproductive employee. For most managers Provenzano“s innovative response will be a welcome new addition to their executive tool kit. And by the way, “executive tool kit“ is clearly more than just a metaphor at Advic
33、e Inc. Being the employer of choice. With top talent scarce everywhere, most companies now want to be their industry“s or their community“s most desirable employer. Advice Inc. understood. The employee in question wasn“t simply disciplined in his supervisor“s office and sent home. No, that“s how an
34、ordinary employer would have done it. But at Advice Inc., another employeethe HR manager, perhaps? took time out his busy day and drove the guy right to the emergency room. And thenthe detail that says it allthe company provided a car service to drive the employee home. The message to talented job c
35、andidates comes through loud and clear: Advice Inc. is a company that cares. Setting an example to others. An eternal problem for managers is how to let all employees know what happens to those who perform especially well or badly. A few companies actually post everyone“s salary and bonus on their i
36、ntranet. But pay is so one-dimensional. At Advice Inc., a problem that would hardly be mentioned at most companiesembezzlement was undoubtedly the topic of rich discussions for weeks, at least until the employee“s cast came off. Any employee theft probably went way, waywaydown. When the great Robert
37、o Goizueta was CEO of Coca-Cola he used to talk about this problem of setting examples and once observed, “Sometimes you must have an execution in the public square!“ But of course he was speaking only figuratively. If he had just listened to his own words, Goizueta might have been an even better CE
38、O. Differentiation. This is one of Jack Welch“ s favorite conceptsthe idea that managers should treat different employees very differently based on performance. Welch liked to differentiate with salary, bonus, and stock options, but now, in what must henceforth be known as the post-Provenzano manage
39、ment era, we can see that GE“s great management thinker just wasn“t thinking big enough. This Times article is tantalizing and frustrating. In just a few sentences it opens a whole new world of management, yet much more surely remains to be told. We must all urge Provenzano to write a book explainin
40、g his complete managerial philosophy. （分数：-1.00）_翻译二级笔译综合能力分类模拟题 66 答案解析(总分：59.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、 Reading Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Of all the areas of learning the most important is the development of attitudes. Emotional reactions as well as logical thought processes affect the behavior of most peop
41、le. “The burnt child fears the fire“ is one instance ; another is the rise of despots like Hitler. Both examples also point up the fact that attitudes stem from experience. In one case the experience was direct and impressive; in the other it was indirect and cumulative. The Nazis were indoctrinated
42、 largely by the speeches they heard and the books they read. The classroom teacher in the elementary school is in a strategic position to influence attitudes. This is true partly because children acquire attitudes from those adults whose word they respect. Another reason it is true is that pupils of
43、ten delve somewhat deeply into a subject in school that has only been touched upon at home or has possibly never occurred to them before. To a child who had previously acquired little knowledge of Mexico, his teacher“s method of handling such a unit would greatly affect his attitude toward Mexicans.
44、 The media through which the teacher can develop wholesome attitudes are innumerable. Social studies (with special reference to races, creeds and nationalities) , science matters of health and safety, the very atmosphere of the classroom. these are a few of the fertile fields for the inculcation of
45、proper emotional reactions. However. when children come to school with undesirable attitudes, it is unwise for the teacher to attempt to change their feelings by cajoling or scolding them. She can achieve the proper effect by helping them obtain constructive experiences. To illustrate, first grade p
46、upils afraid of policemen will probably alter their attitudes after a classroom chat with the neighborhood officer in which he explains how he protects them. In the same way, a class of older children can develop attitudes through discussion, research, outside reading and all-day trips. Finally, a t
47、eacher must constantly evaluate her own attitudes, because her influence can be deleterious if she has personal prejudices. This is especially true in respect to controversial issues and questions on which children should be encouraged to reach their own decisions as a result of objective analysis o
48、f all the facts.（分数：10.00）(1).The central idea of the above passage is that _.（分数：1.00）A.attitudes affect our actionsB.teachers are important in developing or changing pupils“ attitudes C.attitudes can be changed by some classroom experiencesD.by their attitudes, teachers inadvertently affect pupils
49、“ attitudes解析：解析 本题考查文章大意。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述影响人态度的因素，其中汉族要讲述了老师对发展和改变学生态度方面的重要作用，所以，答案是 B。(2).The word “despot“ underlined in Paragraph 2 means a person _.（分数：1.00）A.who enjoys a high reputationB.who is very successful in politicsC.with unlimited powers D.who deposits a large sum of money in a bank解析：解析 本题考查推理判断。由常识可知，希特勒是德国元首，且名声极差，故排除 A。B、D 也不正确。我们可以推断的是他具有无限的权利。所以，答案是 C。(3).The pupils“ attitudes are NOT influenced by _.（分
