1、公共英语五级-Health+and+Body+Care(一)及答案解析(总分：42.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Unit 1(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part (总题数：3，分数：12.00)Questions 7-12 Complete the following sentences with NO MORE THAN three words for each blank.（分数：6.00）(1).Dr. Craker applied for a licence to grow cannabis for use in 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Dr. Crake
2、r likened his situation to 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).If the ACLU appeals again, the case will be heard in 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).According to Ms. Verma, the FDA is under pressure from 1 to go along with their drug ideology.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).The FDA emphasized that 1 cannot be used as a prescription dru
3、g.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).There is still possibility for the FDA to approve marijuana in other 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_Questions 4-6 Answer the following questions by using NO MORE THAN three words.（分数：3.00）(1).What kind of effect do chemicals in cannabis produce?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Which part in the human bo
4、dy is activated by chemicals in cannabis?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).What prevents researchers from doing clinical research on cannabis in the U.S.A.?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_Questions 1-3 Choose the best answer.（分数：3.00）(1).Cannabis _.A. is praised for its potential for treating pain and cancer by scientistsB. is c
5、onsidered a dangerous drug without any medical use by many governmentsC. is now used to treat cancer in the USAD. has been used in medicine for thousands of years（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The IOM report _.A. found that the use of marijuana in medicine can be justified scientificallyB. showed that marijua
6、na smoke contains the same harmful substances as tobacco smokeC. came to the same conclusion as the FDA statementD. was funded by the University of Nebraska（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Marinol is _.A. preferred by users for its advantages in effectiveness over marijuanaB. found useful especially by AIDS and
7、 cancer patientsC. licensed by the FDA as a substitute for marijuanaD. can be obtained only on the black market（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.三、Part (总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Exercise 1 Use of En(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Exercising but Not EnoughAmericans are sold on the value of exercise. More than eight in ten (86%) believe exerc
8、ising (1) fitness improves a persons odds of a long and healthy life by “a lot“. And, about six in ten believe that exercising has “a lot“ of impact (2) a persons attractiveness. (3) just 28% report that they get as (4) physical exercise as they should. There is no demographic or weight classificati
9、on group (5) which a majority feels they get as much exercise as they should.Some 57% of Americans report that they do some (6) of exercise program to (7) physically fit. Even among this group, (8) , just 34% say they are getting as much exercise as they should while 65% think they should be (9) mor
10、e.Those who are currently dieting are more (10) than those not currently dieting to also be exercising. The overweight may need exercise more (11) they are less likely to be doing it (12) with those who are about the right weight. About half (53%) of those who (13) themselves overweight are exercisi
11、ng; the comparable figure among those who consider their weight about right is 61%.Both men and women, young and old are about equally likely to be exercising. Those with more education and (14) incomes are more likely than their counterparts to take part in an exercise program. There are modest dif
12、ferences in exercising (15) race and ethnicity; Hispanics are less likely than non-Hispanic whites to exercise (16) blacks and whites are about equally likely to (17) so.What keeps people out of the gym? One impediment to more (18) activity may be the fun factor. There is a strong correlation betwee
13、n enjoyment of exercise and doing it. Among those who (19) exercising a great deal, 85% take part in an exercise program; this figure (20) to 68% among those who say they enjoy exercising “a fair amount“ and to just 37% among those who are less enthusiastic about exercise.（分数：20.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项
14、 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_五、Exercise 2 Multiple (总题数：1，分数：10.00)A = LETTER 1 B = LETTER 2C = LETTER 3 D = LETTER 4Which letterdefends the safety of the vaccination programme?claims that fears about the v
15、accine were based on unreliable evidence?believes that intellectual freedom is threatened by mistakes made by science and society?emphasizes the difficulties in dealing with health scares?makes a comparison of Iraqi civilian deaths and MMR?says that Melanie Phillip is confused about epidemiology and
16、 clinical results?points out that scientists would become less credible if they do not base their conclusion on enough evidence?suggests that readers search the journal mentioned in the debate by using Google?suggests that a neutral organization be established for mediation of scientific controversi
17、es?accuses Melanie Phillips of misrepresenting the truth?1. _2. _3. _4. _5. _6. _7. _8. _9. _10. _A LETTER 1When a vaccine, drug or therapy is marketed as “safe“, it is done so on the basis or formally controlled, large-scale, usually blind investigations by qualified professionals. The fact that “a
18、 small proportion of parents found that after vaccination their children developed bowel problems, an allergic reaction to various foods and a halt to their behavioural development that produced the symptoms of autism“ does not render an entire vaccination programme unsafe any more than it suggests
19、a causal relationship between administration of the vaccine and onset of symptoms. Anybody with even the most basic grasp of scientific principles can understand this.The MMR vaccine in its current form was approved following the same extensive testing as any other clinical prophylaxis. For Melanie
20、Phillips to suggest that the “government and the medical establishment . have behaved recklessly and spinelessly“ in the aftermath of Wakefields so-called research is itself an irresponsible misrepresentation of the truth, which contributes to the unnecessary confusion in the general public domain.B
21、 LETTER 2The difficult relationships between science, medicine and public policy are well illustrated by your reports on Iraqi mortality (The media are minimising US and British war crimes in Iraq, November 8) and MMR (The case against me boils down to smear and evasion, November 8). The triggers fo
22、r these controversies were research papers published in the Lancet. In a lost age, these studies would have been privately discussed in academic circles, their conclusions confirmed, refined or refuted. This environment of intellectual freedom has served science and society well for 400 years. But s
23、uch freedoms are now under threat from errors made by both science and society.The mistake scientists have made - and 1 include myself in this criticism - is to blur their roles as independent investigators and public advocates. It is entirely right that scientists and doctors play a prominent part
24、in social and political debate. But we lose credibility, justifiably, when we go beyond the evidence.Here, the comparison between Iraq and MMR is instructive. On Iraq, the authors of the Lancet report used their results to call for the genuine uncertainty over civilian deaths to be clarified urgentl
25、y by drawing on further data that only government could provide - indeed, which government had a duty to provide under the Geneva conventions. This was responsible advocacy in the face of scientific uncertainty. By contrast, Andrew Wakefield used a press conference to subvert the conclusions of his
26、Lancet study by casting doubt on the safety of the MMR vaccine, a doubt that the research paper specifically denied.One could argue that neither study should have seen the light of day. This would be a capitulation to those who would prefer censorship to serious public discussion about controversial
27、 ideas. While it is impossible to turn the clock back to a time when science was hidden from the public sphere, there is a need to find better ways to conduct complex debates openly and accountably. An independent body to provide a neutral public space to mediate, investigate and make recommendation
28、s about scientific and health controversies, akin to the Food Standards Agency, deserves serious consideration.C LETTER 3It is a microcosm of the difficulties in dealing with health scares that I can write 850 words on an anti-MMR diatribe by Melanie Phillips, generate 900 words of letters in return
29、 as well as an article by Phillips - all reinforcing her original misconceptions, and raising some new ones. For every unit of energy you put in, you get twice as much back, and so you can never win.She is still amazed that a critical review of the scientific literature on MMR is critical of some of
30、 the literature it reviewed and she still thinks this is evidence of guilt or cover-up in the conclusions of the report. I criticised her for claiming that: “Wakefields discovery of autistic enterocolitis as a completely new syndrome has now been replicated in studies around the world as a new and s
31、o far unexplained disease in patients with autism.“ Her response is to provide references to various speculative research findings on the bowels of people with autism. Such studies exist but few would claim that such early work constitutes wide replication of the discovery of a “new disease“.I also
32、encourage any readers who are interested in what Phillips considers to be an appropriate source for ground-breaking, peer-reviewed scientific research to look up the Journal of American Physicians and Surgeons on Google and read about this strange esoteric political organisation for themselves.Havin
33、g said all that, Melanie Phillips of the Daily Mail has misrepresented and attacked me personally: and so whatever the future may bring, I can die a rounded and happy human being.D LETTER 4Melanie Phillips rebuttal of Ben Goldacres criticisms bears out his main points. She claims that the Cochrane r
34、eport does not say that the fears about the vaccine were based on unreliable evidence. Yes it does. You need go no further than the abstract to read “no credible evidence of an involvement of MMR with either autism or Crohns disease was found. She goes on to say that epidemiology cannot establish a
35、causal association, and that Goldacre is confusing epidemiology and clinical results. No, the confusion is hers. Epidemiology can produce overwhelming evidence for a causal connection. What it cannot produce is information about the mechanism of that connection. It is worth adding that clinical stud
36、ies do not necessarily produce information about the causal mechanism.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_公共英语五级-Health+and+Body+Care(一)答案解析(总分：42.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Unit 1(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part (总题数：3，分数：12.00)Questions 7-12 Complete the following sentences w
37、ith NO MORE THAN three words for each blank.（分数：6.00）(1).Dr. Craker applied for a licence to grow cannabis for use in 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：clinical research）解析：以 Dr. Craker 为线索寻找答案。Paragraph 9: Lyle Crakerhas been trying to obtain a licence from the DEA to grow cannabis for use in clinical resea
38、rch.(2).Dr. Craker likened his situation to 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Catch 22）解析：Paragraph 10: Dr Craker says that his situation is like that described in Joseph Hellers novel, Catch 22 liken sth. to sth: 把比作，例如：Life call be likened to a journey with an unknown destination 人生就好比一场不知终点的旅行。(3).If the
39、ACLU appeals again, the case will be heard in 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：a federal court）解析：以 ACLU 为线索寻找答案。Paragraph 10: the ACLU is in this for the long hau1. and is already prepared for another appealone that would be heard in a federal court in the normal judicial system.(4).According to Ms. Verma,
40、 the FDA is under pressure from 1 to go along with their drug ideology.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：governments other arms）解析：以 Ms. Verma 及 FDA 为线索寻找答案。Paragraph 11: Ms Vermas view of the FDAs statement is that other arms of government are putting pressure on the agency to因答案不能超过三个词，把 other arms of govern
41、ment 变为 governments other arms。(5).The FDA emphasized that 1 cannot be used as a prescription drug.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：smoked marijuana）解析：Paragraph 11: the FDAs statement emphasizes that it is smoked marijuana which has not gone through the process necessary to make it a prescription drug.(6).Th
42、ere is still possibility for the FDA to approve marijuana in other 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：methods of delivery）解析：Paragraph 11: The statements emphasis on smoked marijuana is important because it leaves the door open for the agency to approve other methods of delivery.Questions 4-6 Answer the follo
43、wing questions by using NO MORE THAN three words.（分数：3.00）(1).What kind of effect do chemicals in cannabis produce?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Synergistic effect）解析：Paragraph 6: Or it may be because the medicinal benefits of cannabis come from the synergistic effect of the multiplicity of chemicals it co
44、ntains.(2).Which part in the human body is activated by chemicals in cannabis?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Receptor molecule）解析：Paragraph 7: These chemicals activate receptor molecules in the hmnan body(3).What prevents researchers from doing clinical research on cannabis in the U.S.A.?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正
45、确答案：Marijuanas illegality/DEAs unwillingness）解析：Paragraph 8: However, in the United States, this kind of work has been inhibited by marijuanas illegality and the unwillingness of the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) to license researchers to grow it for research.Questions 1-3 Choose the best an
46、swer.（分数：3.00）(1).Cannabis _.A. is praised for its potential for treating pain and cancer by scientistsB. is considered a dangerous drug without any medical use by many governmentsC. is now used to treat cancer in the USAD. has been used in medicine for thousands of years（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：Paragraph 2: In reality, cannabis has been with humanity for thousands of years and is considered by many governments to be a dangerous drug. 文中出现了 Scientists would praise its potential for treating everything from pain to cancel. 这是虚拟语气，所以应排除选项 A。选项 C 和 D 都没有证据支持。(2).The IOM re
