1、剑桥商务英语高级-20 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BREADING/B(总题数：1，分数：8.00)BPART ONE/BLook at the statements below and the five extracts.Which extract (A, B, C, D or E) does each statement (1-8) refer to?For each statement (1-8), mark one letter (A, B, C, D or E) on your Answer Sheet.You will need to use som
2、e of these letters more than once.ATo maintain a statistical measure of the quantity of goods shipped abroad and to provide a means of determining whether regulations are being met, most countries require ship ments abroad to be accompanied by an export declaration. Usually such a declaration, prese
3、nted at the port of exit, includes the names and addresses of the principals involved, the destination of the goods, a full description of the goods, and their declared value. When manufacturers are exporting from the United States, Customs and the Department of Cormmerce require an export declarati
4、on for all shipments. If specific licenses are required to ship a particular commodity, the export license must be presented with the export declaration for proper certification. It thus serves as the principal means of control for regulatory agencies of the U.S. government.BIn exporting, the bill t
5、hat the exporter or consignor sends to the importer or consignee is called a commercial invoice. This invoice lists full particulars of the shipment. The marks, the number of packages, an accurate packing list, and a full description of the merchandise should appear on the commercial invoice. It sho
6、uld state the name of the ship (if ocean transportation is used), the name and address of the consignee, the contract number, the code word for the contract if one is used, the price per unit of the merchandise, and the total price of the shipment. The commercial invoice should also show the nature
7、of the price quotation, whether the merchandise is sold FOB factory, FAS vessel, or ClF port of destination.CAnother essential shipping document for shipments to some countries is the consular invoice. This is a document obtained by the exporter in his or her country from the governmental representa
8、tive of the importers country. It was originally designed to help ensure that fair market values would be listed on the invoices prepared by the exporter. Thus the exporter must prepare and haw certified before the foreign consul or representative a document containing all essential details of the s
9、ale. After certification the document is forwarded to the buyer for presentation to customs with the customs declaration, ostensibly for use in determining the amount of tariff to be levied.In recent years, a number of countries including the United States and the Philippines, have eliminated the re
10、quirement for the consular invoice. But where they are still required, they must be provided.DThe packing list is sometimes displayed on the commercial invoice, or it may be a separate document, depending on the number of packages and the complexity of the list. It should contain, item by item, the
11、contents of cases or containers in a shipment. The items shouldbe listed separately with their weight and description set forth so as to make a complete check of the contents of each package possible upon arrival at the port of destination or the customs office. This information is also useful for t
12、he consignee. Any variation in description from the commercial invoice or consular invoice usually subjects the consignee to large fines, which are then passed on to the exporter.EThese contain a wide variety of special inspection certificates issued by various authorities and may be required by the
13、 importer to meet his or her own or government requirements. These documents certify as to purity and absence of disease, and are issued to cover food products, plants, seeds, and live animals. Frequently, they must be legalized by the consular representative of the importing country. Food products
14、are those for which sanitary certificates are most often required.Special certificates are also issued for certain types of merchandise, to certify a required composition or the existence of specific ingredients. Some types of steel, for example, are sold on analysis. Certain chemical mixtures must
15、be analyzed and certified with respect to the presence of desired constituents.（分数：8.00）(1).This invoice lists full particulars of the shipment.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).It should contain, item by item, the contents of cases or containers in a shipment.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).At best, it is evidence of the in
16、tentions of the parties and is a notification to the consignee of all the facts and the amount to be paid.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).If specific licenses are required to ship a particular commodity, the export license must be presented with the export declaration, for proper certification.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(
17、5).This is a document obtained by the exporter in his or her country from the governmental representative of the importers country.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Food products are those for which sanitary certificates are most often required.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Any variation in description from the commercial
18、invoice or consular invoice usually subjects the consignee to large fines, which are then passed on to the exporter.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).It was originally designed to help ensure that fair market values would be listed on the invoices prepared by the exporter.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_二、BPART TWO/B(总题数：1，分数：6.
19、00)Read this text taken from an article about some key aspects of operations management.Choose the best sentence to fill each of the gaps.For each gap (9-14), mark one letter (A-H) on your Answer Sheet.Do not use any letter more than once.B The Operations Function/BGoods are tangible items purchased
20、 by individuals or organizations for subsequent uses. Services are intangible items that are consumed when being provided, with the customer taking away or retaining the benefit of that service. But in many commercial situations, what is provided or produced by an organization can be a mixture of bo
21、th goods and services. In some situations the product will outweigh the service but in other situations it will be the opposite.The operations function is the part of the organization that exists mainly to generate and produce the products.U (9) /U.They have a conversion process, some resource input
22、s into that process, the outputs resulting from the conversions of the inputs, and theinformation feedback about the activities in the operations system.U (10) /U. Economists refer to the transformation of resources into goods and services as the production function.U (11) /U.This process is what cr
23、eates the revenue for the company making the products or providing the services.U (12) /U.When taking the conversion process into consideration we must take into account that the process is subject to random change and fluctuations. Unplanned or uncontrolled influences may cause the actual output to
24、 differ from the planned output.U (13) /U.If there is a circumstance in which the Yangzi River of China was to flood, the production of rice would suffer, therefore causing an increase fluctuation in the price of rice.U (14) /U.Fluctuations may also tend to be caused by internal problems inherent in
25、 the conversion process. Faulty equipment, material imperfections, and of course human errors are only a few of the ideas that affect output quality.A Other natural problems such as lightning, frost, drought, too much rain, etc., will tend to be the major reason for the fluctuation in product qualit
26、y and price because of availability.B All producers of whether it be a physical object or service have some basic elements in common.C For example, all managers in any organization will need to know how to train their employees, appraise their performance, and so forth.D The end product then becomes
27、 an idea where it is deemed a useful idea due to the form, the time, or the place of their availability from the conversion process.E For example, such fluctuations in the product quality or price may be due to the growing weather conditions of many plants of fruit and vegetables.F Once a product is
28、 made available to the consumer, that product is sold and converted into cash for that company and the cycle continues.G The general goal for all production is to create some kind of value added, so the outputs are worth more to the consumer than just the sum of the individual inputs.H In some situa
29、tions the product will outweigh the service but in other situations it will be the opposite.（分数：6.00）(1).（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、BPART THREE/B(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Read the following article about a British businessman and the questions.For each question (15-20), mark one lette
30、r (A, B, C o r D) on your Answer Sheet.George Kamp is the kind of tough English northerner who runs things his own way. Contrary to what is normal in big corporations today, his company has no remuneration committee, it is short on part-time directors and it has no qualms about employing family memb
31、ers. Mr. Kamp is chairman and chief executive of the engineering firm William Kamp, which has been a family business since the middle of the last century. Until a week ago none of this would have made the headlines. But a rival engineering company has changed this with its 58 million hostile takeove
32、r bid, putting Kamps management style in the spotlight. Kamp is a fighter: “All my career, Ive battled. Ive had to battle with customers and suppliers and management.“This will certainly not be his first fight. In 1980, when borrowing money was costing more than 20 per cent, his father was in favour
33、 of closing the business. George was not; he forced his father off the board of directors and saved the company. He says, “A difference of views arose. I said the company could either be run by me, or by him, but I couldnt stay there and implement his policy. There was a board meeting and he was per
34、suaded to withdraw.“He says his toughest battle was not taking on his father, but forcing his 160-strong workforce to accept automation at the factory in 1982. “I was really in a difficult position then. The management were against me, the men were against me. The change meant they would have to wor
35、k a lot harder. I got them all together, and I just said, “Weve got to make this work-its all our livelihoods at stake. “I was determined to make this business work to save the British steel foundry industry.“ He won that battle, too. Rationalizations, cost-cutting, and a string of 14 acquisitions f
36、ollowed, and the loss-making family business became a recognized leader in the steel castings industry.Kamp makes running William Kamp sound like a military operation, and there is something in his clipped language which is irresistibly reminiscent of the army. His management style is unashamedly au
37、tocratic. “I have a very loyal team, and, yes, they have to work hard but they like it,“ he says. But unusually for a publicly quoted company, his loyal staff include his wife, Ellen, a lawyer who works as a consultant for the company. “Im not frightened of having to justify this,“ he says. The shar
38、eholders are getting a good deal out of his wife, he reckons, as the company would probably have to pay double for the same services from any other consultant.Kamp robustly defends his own pay and the generous terms of his contract. He reckons he is worth it. “There is a 5 million key man insurance
39、policy on me, and some of our banking arrangements are dependent on me staying with the company. So the outside world reckons Im fairly important-that isnt just my opinion.“He describes himself as being like the captain of a ship, and he has a firm belief in experience rather than management theory.
40、 “Youve got to learn your management skills by practical experience; otherwise you confuse delegating with passing the buck and you dont know when people are talking rubbish. I have the strength to fight off this takeover bid. For me its war. I am autocratic, because thats how you win. When you cut
41、out all the emotion, its down to money. William Kamp is worth much more than this most inferior rival company has suggested. And I know I will be able to convince the shareholders of this.“（分数：6.00）(1).Why is Kamps company in the news?（分数：1.00）A.He has problems with management.B.Another company want
42、s to gain control of it.C.He is looking for new advisers to help run it.D.There have been complaints about his management style.(2).When the company went through a difficult period in the early 1980s, Kamp（分数：1.00）A.considered resigning from the company.B.thought the company was going to go bankrupt
43、C.made his father give up his power over the company.D.persuaded his father to change his policies.(3).Kamp says that he introduced automation at his factory because he（分数：1.00）A.wanted to make the future of the steel industry more secure.B.thought that his men were not working hard enough.C.needed
44、 to cut clown on the running costs of the company.D.believed it would encourage team spirit in his workforce.(4).How does Kamp say he feels about having his wife working for the company?（分数：1.00）A.Embarrassed that people know about it.B.Certain that she is better than other consultants.C.Afraid that
45、 people will misunderstand her role in the company.D.Confident he can defend her contributions to the company.(5).With regard to his own position in the company, Kamp says（分数：1.00）A.people outside the company think hes overpaid.B.if he left, the company would lose some of its bank contracts.C.hes th
46、e most important member of the company.D.the value of his work justifies an increase in his insurance policy.(6).Kamp says that his management style is characterised by（分数：1.00）A.being able to persuade shareholders to accept his point of view.B.showing no sign of emotion when dealing with financial
47、matters.C.proving to his rivals that he is a strong leader.D.giving orders and expecting others to obey them.四、BPART FOUR/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Read the article below about packaging and labeling.Choose the correct word to fill each gap from A, B, C or D.For each question (21-30), mark one letter (A, B,
48、C or D) on your Answer Sheet.Packaging and labeling are both very important to a product, as most physical products have to be packaged and labeled. Both are thought to be an element of product strategy and many marketers even have called pachaing a fifth P.The main concern in designing packages for products, especially for newU (21) /Uis trueU (22) /Uindustrial goods and appliances whose sales are made from display models. From theU (23) /Uof marketing, packaging is of vital importance in sales promot
