1、剑桥商务英语中级-104 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、READING(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、PART ONE(总题数：1，分数：7.00)ASeated behind the front desk at a New York firm, the receptionist was efficient, stylishly dressed, the firms newest employee had a pleasant telephone voice and a natural charm that put clients at ease. The com
2、pany was pleased: Clearly, this was a person who took considerable pride in personal appearance. David King, the receptionist, is unusual, but by no means unique. Just as all truck drivers and construction workers are no longer necessarily men, all secretaries and receptionists are no longer automat
3、ically women. The number of men in women-dominated fields is still small and they havent attracted the attention that has often followed women advancing into male-dominated fields, but men are moving into more and more jobs that have traditionally been held by women.BWhat kinds of men venture into t
4、hese so-called womens fields? All kinds. I dont know of any define answers Id be comfortable with, explains Joseph Pleck, Ph. D of the Wellesley College Center for Research on women. Samo Ormont, for example, a thirty-year-old nurse at Boston hospital, went into nursing because the army had trained
5、him as a medical worker. “I found that work very interesting,“ he recalled, “and when I got out of the service it just seemed natural for me to go into something medical. I wasnt interested in be- coming a doctor.“Thirty-five-year-old David King, an out-of-work actor, found a job as a receptionist b
6、ecause he was having trouble landing roles in Broadway plays and he needed to pay the rent.CIn other words, men enter “female“ jobs out of the same consideration for personal interest and economic necessity that motivate anyone looking for work. But similarities often end there. Men in female-domina
7、ted jobs are conspicuous. As a group, their work histories differ in most respects from those of their female colleagues, and they are frequently treated differently by the people with whom they are in professional con- tact.DThe question naturally arises: Why are there still approximately ninety-ni
8、ne female secretaries for every one male? There is also a more and more serious issue. Most men dont want to be receptionists, nurses, secretaries, or sewing workers. To put simply, these are not generally considered very masculine jobs. To choose such a line of work is to invite ridicule.“There was
9、 kidding in the beginning,“ recalls Ormont. “Kids coming from school ask what I am, and when I say A nurse, they laugh at me. I just smile and say, You know, there are female doctors, too./（分数：7.00）(1).Every kinds of man can enter into womens fields.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).There are also some problems a
10、lthough many men doing womens work.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Men in female-dominated jobs are treated differently.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).The role of men in society has changed a little.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Finding job for man in “female“ jobs is motivated by personal interests and economic necessity.（分数：1.00）
11、填空项 1:_(6).Most men dont want to have a job in female-dominated jobs.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).The publics attention often followed women doing mens work.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_三、PART TWO(总题数：1，分数：5.00)ProfitEntrepreneurship is directly responsible for production The business person (entrepreneur) takes a cue fr
12、om consumers in deciding what they wantor, in the case of a new product (8) Profit means different things to different people. According to some public opinion polls, many people are not sure what it is, but they are sure (9) Workers may look at profit as an unfairly large payment to the entrepreneu
13、r that deprives them of a higher wage. The business person thinks of profit (10) During negotiations before the settlement of the second baseball strike in August, 1985, the Players Association claimed the owners had made profits of $ 91 million, an accounting firm said owner profits were $ 43 mil-
14、lion, and the owners insisted they had lost $ 9 million. The truth was that all three were correct. The disparity in the figures was due to the fact that each group was defining profit differently. Let us now see if we can develop a more exact definition of what profit is.Gross profit is the differe
15、nce between what a business firm sells its product for end what it costs to produce that product. The merchant buys $200,000 worth of merchandise during the year and sells it for $270,000. His gross profit is $ 70,000. The percentage difference between his cost and the selling price is 35 percent, a
16、nd he calls this markup. Net profit is (11) rent, wages, and interestand setting aside money to allow for the loss due to depreciation (wearing out) of capital. Our merchant has to subtract from his gross profit his payments for rent ($ 6,0O0), wages ($ 20,000), interest on money borrowed ($1,000),
17、repairs and upkeep ($1,000), taxes ($1,000), electricity and other expenses $1,000. Expenses for operating the business come to $ 30,000. Gross profit is $ 70, 000, and net profit is $40,000.Economists have a narrower definition of what constitutes profit. They are concerned with payment for all the
18、 resources that have gone into production (12) , like those listed above, or from inside the business.A what profit really meansB it is too large and represents too much of the consumers dollarC as the difference between total revenue and total costD what the business person has left after paying ex
19、pensesE what they might wantF productionG whether they come from outside the business（分数：5.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_四、PART THREE(总题数：1，分数：6.00)General Managers (GMs) are a part of middle management and play a key role in organisations. Depending on the size of the organisation a GM can
20、be, for example, a senior manager responsible for a division or a subsidiary company or a less senior manager in charge of a department or section. They are a link or a less senior manager in charge of a department or section. They are a link between top management, who make policy decisions, and ju
21、nior managers, who carry out these policies. Top management work through GMs and they can make the difference between good and bad policy and a motivated or demotivated workforce. The relationships GMs have with their bosses, subordinates and each other are very important for the success or failure
22、of an organisation. GMs within the same organisation need to have good working relationships with each other in order to apply policies in the same way throughout the organisation. At the same time, GMs are also required to make broad policies into plans that suit their particular divisions or depar
23、tments.In a company conflicts between the activities of various departments will inevitably arise, and it is the job of the GM to act as a link between the departments. Research has shown that the personality of a GM is very important in helping to resolve these departmental problems. The research h
24、as also shown that (as far as the personalities of GMs are concerned) GMs are ambitious people who have balanced temperaments and are good with people. In addition, good GMs combine these personality traits with a detailed knowledge of their business. They work hard to fit into and be accepted by th
25、e culture of their particular organisation. It has also been demonstrated that high performing GMs have three sets of skills.First, they need agenda-setting skills, so that they can identify and convince others of the most important objectives of a project. Second, GMs need to develop networking ski
26、lls. Good GMs deliberately attempt to develop contacts-within and outside the organisation. Such a network of contacts means that the GM is aware of issues and can act on them quickly. To develop agenda-setting and networking skills, it is essential for a GM to be skilful in dealing with people. Thi
27、s is particularly important as they spend such a large amount of time working with employees at all levels of a company.In terms of work, tasks and attitude, the research has shown that managerial work is done in short bursts, with managers Working on many simultaneous projects, which can sometimes
28、have conflicting aims. GMs discuss a wide range of subjects in an unconnected way and tend to ask questions rather than give orders. They require large amounts of information which they pass on to top management to help them to make decisions. In order to collect this information, they must learn to
29、 work in uncertain and changing environments. As a result, both the approach and style of a GM change to adapt to the setting in which they are operating. They must be flexible to succeed.（分数：6.00）(1).GMs must have good relationships with each other in order to_（分数：1.00）A.carry out policies uniforml
30、y.B.manage each others departments.C.motivate junior management.D.find out the differences between departments.(2).According to the writer, the key role of a General Manager is to_（分数：1.00）A.help to formulate company policy.B.communicate between groups of people.C.interpret plans Made by senior mana
31、gement.D.divide the company into departments.(3).We are told that agenda-setting skills_（分数：1.00）A.are more important that networking skills.B.help a manager develop networking skills.C.depend on having skills in dealing with people.D.are the basis for interpersonal skills.(4).What does the writer s
32、ay about problems between departments?（分数：1.00）A.They are frequently caused by the personalities of GMs.B.GMs are often reluctant to interven.C.They are often made worse by a GMs ambition.D.GMs can help solve them by effective liaison.(5).The main reason why GMs require a lot of information is_（分数：1
33、.00）A.in order to be able to tell people what to do.B.because their environment is always changing.C.to enable them to be flexible.D.to help their bosses make decisions.(6).What has research shown about the way managers work?（分数：1.00）A.They work in situations of conflict.B.Their work is completed ve
34、ry quickly.C.Managers do many things at the same time.D.Managers give orders.五、PART FOUR(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Educational Background of Successful ManagersPsychologist Douglas Bray and Ann Howard have for more than 25 years been studying college graduates in entry-level management rank for AT Appearance s
35、omething indicates your personality. Dressing neatly is a kind of ways showing your respect to the interviewer.Interlocutor: Thank you. Now, Candidate One, please ask Candidate Two your question about his/her talk.Candidate One asks question.Do body languages matter?Candidate Two: Yes. To some exten
36、t, a causal gesture could even spoil an interview. We should pay great attention to it also.Interlocutor: Thank you. All right. Now, Candidate one, which topic have you chosen, A, B or C? Would you like to talk about what you think is important when coming into a new company ?Candidate One talksWell
37、. There are many ways available for a newcomer to get used to the company. First, trainings. A Training helps them to adapt to the new enviroment as quickly as possible, provides them with neccessary know ledge in dealing with duties, increases the efficiency of production, makes them in line with t
38、he con ventions of the job. Second, adaptability is also equally important. A newcomer should adapt quickly to the new circumstances. Thus he or she could begin to work successful with other colleages.Interlocutor: Thank you. Now, Candidate Two, please ask Candidate One your question about his/her t
39、alk.Candidate Two asks question.You have not mentioned relationship, what do you think building up a good relationship for a new comer. Candidate One: Actually, building up a good relation- ship is part of adaptability. Its also important.Interlocutor:Thank youMaterials are collected.)解析：二十、PART THR
40、EE(总题数：1，分数：5.00)5.For two candidatesFlexible Working TimeYour company wants a flexible working time. You are asked to discuss a- bout it.Discuss the situation and decide: Is it practical or not name the advantages and disadvantagesFor three candidatesFlexible Work TimeYour company wants a flexible
41、Working time. You are asked to discuss a- bout it.Discuss the situation and decide: Is it practical or not name the advantages and disadvantages If needed, cite the accurate example to fight for/against it.（分数：5.00）_正确答案：( Now this part of the test you are going to discuss together.Interlocutor poin
42、ts to the card showing the task while giving the instructions below.Interlocutor:You have 30 seconds to read the task carefully, and then 3 minutes to discuss and decide about it together. You should give reasons, for your decisions and opinions. You dont need to write any thing. Is that clear?Inter
43、locutor places the card in front of the candidates.Interlocutor: Im just going to listen and then ask you to stop after 3 minutes. Please speak so that we can hear you.Candidates have about 3 minutes to complete the task.A: Well todays topic is the managements proposal on flexitime. What are your vi
44、ews on this?B: I think its a very practical idea. Our staff members would be happy. Its been complained that the present working time is too restricted. They say there should be flexible days.A: In what ways?B: The staff should be allowed to build up a credit of hours to entitle them to take a few h
45、ours or a day off.A: But dont you think there would be chaos?B: What do you mean by “chaos“?A: No one in any department would know who was in at what time. And people phoning the company or visiting would get terribly confused.B: Well, Im sorry to interrupt. In my opinion, cover arrangements could b
46、e made. When people take holiday or when people are sick the same kind of arrangements is made.A: Er. Mr. Brown, what are your opinions?B: Frankly, I think its hard for our section to have flexitime. There are three of us in our section and we work as a team. So if we had anyone off then we wouldnt
47、be able to manage.Materials are collected. The interlocutor asks one or more questions as appropriate, to extend the discussion.Have you noticed any companies that have flexible working time? Do these companies go well?B: Well, I have a friend whose company runs a flexible working schedule. But his company isnt running well at all. People phoning the company find there is no answer, vistors come there to find there the door is locked. They are terribly con-fased.)解析：
