1、剑桥商务英语高级-90 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、READING(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、PART ONE(总题数：1，分数：8.00)ATo maintain a statistical measure of the quantity of goods shipped abroad and to provide a means of determining whether regulations are being met, most countries require ship ments abroad to be accompanied by an
2、 export declaration. Usually such a declaration, presented at the port of exit, includes the names and addresses of the principals involved, the destination of the goods, a full description of the goods, and their declared value. When manufacturers are exporting from the United States, Customs and t
3、he Department of Cormmerce require an export declaration for all shipments. If specific licenses are required to ship a particular commodity, the export license must be presented with the export declaration for proper certification. It thus serves as the principal means of control for regulatory age
4、ncies of the U.S. government.BIn exporting, the bill that the exporter or consignor sends to the importer or consignee is called a commercial invoice. This invoice lists full particulars of the shipment. The marks, the number of packages, an accurate packing list, and a full description of the merch
5、andise should appear on the commercial invoice. It should state the name of the ship (if ocean transportation is used), the name and address of the consignee, the contract number, the code word for the contract if one is used, the price per unit of the merchandise, and the total price of the shipmen
6、t. The commercial invoice should also show the nature of the price quotation, whether the merchandise is sold FOB factory, FAS vessel, or ClF port of destination.CAnother essential shipping document for shipments to some countries is the consular invoice. This is a document obtained by the exporter
7、in his or her country from the governmental representative of the importers country. It was originally designed to help ensure that fair market values would be listed on the invoices prepared by the exporter. Thus the exporter must prepare and haw certified before the foreign consul or representativ
8、e a document containing all essential details of the sale. After certification the document is forwarded to the buyer for presentation to customs with the customs declaration, ostensibly for use in determining the amount of tariff to be levied.In recent years, a number of countries including the Uni
9、ted States and the Philippines, have eliminated the requirement for the consular invoice. But where they are still required, they must be provided.DThe packing list is sometimes displayed on the commercial invoice, or it may be a separate document, depending on the number of packages and the complex
10、ity of the list. It should contain, item by item, the contents of cases or containers in a shipment. The items shouldbe listed separately with their weight and description set forth so as to make a complete check of the contents of each package possible upon arrival at the port of destination or the
11、 customs office. This information is also useful for the consignee. Any variation in description from the commercial invoice or consular invoice usually subjects the consignee to large fines, which are then passed on to the exporter.EThese contain a wide variety of special inspection certificates is
12、sued by various authorities and may be required by the importer to meet his or her own or government requirements. These documents certify as to purity and absence of disease, and are issued to cover food products, plants, seeds, and live animals. Frequently, they must be legalized by the consular r
13、epresentative of the importing country. Food products are those for which sanitary certificates are most often required.Special certificates are also issued for certain types of merchandise, to certify a required composition or the existence of specific ingredients. Some types of steel, for example,
14、 are sold on analysis. Certain chemical mixtures must be analyzed and certified with respect to the presence of desired constituents.（分数：8.00）(1).This invoice lists full particulars of the shipment.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).It should contain, item by item, the contents of cases or containers in a shipment
15、.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).At best, it is evidence of the intentions of the parties and is a notification to the consignee of all the facts and the amount to be paid.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).If specific licenses are required to ship a particular commodity, the export license must be presented with the export d
16、eclaration, for proper certification.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).This is a document obtained by the exporter in his or her country from the governmental representative of the importers country.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Food products are those for which sanitary certificates are most often required.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:
17、_(7).Any variation in description from the commercial invoice or consular invoice usually subjects the consignee to large fines, which are then passed on to the exporter.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).It was originally designed to help ensure that fair market values would be listed on the invoices prepared by
18、the exporter.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_三、PART TWO(总题数：1，分数：6.00)The Operations FunctionGoods are tangible items purchased by individuals or organizations for subsequent uses. Services are intangible items that are consumed when being provided, with the customer taking away or retaining the benefit of that ser
19、vice. But in many commercial situations, what is provided or produced by an organization can be a mixture of both goods and services. In some situations the product will outweigh the service but in other situations it will be the opposite.The operations function is the part of the organization that
20、exists mainly to generate and produce the products. (9) .They have a conversion process, some resource inputs into that process, the outputs resulting from the conversions of the inputs, and theinformation feedback about the activities in the operations system. (10) . Economists refer to the transfo
21、rmation of resources into goods and services as the production function. (11) .This process is what creates the revenue for the company making the products or providing the services. (12) .When taking the conversion process into consideration we must take into account that the process is subject to
22、random change and fluctuations. Unplanned or uncontrolled influences may cause the actual output to differ from the planned output. (13) .If there is a circumstance in which the Yangzi River of China was to flood, the production of rice would suffer, therefore causing an increase fluctuation in the
23、price of rice. (14) .Fluctuations may also tend to be caused by internal problems inherent in the conversion process. Faulty equipment, material imperfections, and of course human errors are only a few of the ideas that affect output quality.A Other natural problems such as lightning, frost, drought
24、, too much rain, etc., will tend to be the major reason for the fluctuation in product quality and price because of availability.B All producers of whether it be a physical object or service have some basic elements in common.C For example, all managers in any organization will need to know how to t
25、rain their employees, appraise their performance, and so forth.D The end product then becomes an idea where it is deemed a useful idea due to the form, the time, or the place of their availability from the conversion process.E For example, such fluctuations in the product quality or price may be due
26、 to the growing weather conditions of many plants of fruit and vegetables.F Once a product is made available to the consumer, that product is sold and converted into cash for that company and the cycle continues.G The general goal for all production is to create some kind of value added, so the outp
27、uts are worth more to the consumer than just the sum of the individual inputs.H In some situations the product will outweigh the service but in other situations it will be the opposite.（分数：6.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_四、PART THREE(总题数：1，分数：6.00)George Kamp is the kind of tough Engl
28、ish northerner who runs things his own way. Contrary to what is normal in big corporations today, his company has no remuneration committee, it is short on part-time directors and it has no qualms about employing family members. Mr. Kamp is chairman and chief executive of the engineering firm Willia
29、m Kamp, which has been a family business since the middle of the last century. Until a week ago none of this would have made the headlines. But a rival engineering company has changed this with its 58 million hostile takeover bid, putting Kamps management style in the spotlight. Kamp is a fighter: “
30、All my career, Ive battled. Ive had to battle with customers and suppliers and management.“This will certainly not be his first fight. In 1980, when borrowing money was costing more than 20 per cent, his father was in favour of closing the business. George was not; he forced his father off the board
31、 of directors and saved the company. He says, “A difference of views arose. I said the company could either be run by me, or by him, but I couldnt stay there and implement his policy. There was a board meeting and he was persuaded to withdraw.“He says his toughest battle was not taking on his father
32、, but forcing his 160-strong workforce to accept automation at the factory in 1982. “I was really in a difficult position then. The management were against me, the men were against me. The change meant they would have to work a lot harder. I got them all together, and I just said, “Weve got to make
33、this work-its all our livelihoods at stake. “I was determined to make this business work to save the British steel foundry industry.“ He won that battle, too. Rationalizations, cost-cutting, and a string of 14 acquisitions followed, and the loss-making family business became a recognized leader in t
34、he steel castings industry.Kamp makes running William Kamp sound like a military operation, and there is something in his clipped language which is irresistibly reminiscent of the army. His management style is unashamedly autocratic. “I have a very loyal team, and, yes, they have to work hard but th
35、ey like it,“ he says. But unusually for a publicly quoted company, his loyal staff include his wife, Ellen, a lawyer who works as a consultant for the company. “Im not frightened of having to justify this,“ he says. The shareholders are getting a good deal out of his wife, he reckons, as the company
36、 would probably have to pay double for the same services from any other consultant.Kamp robustly defends his own pay and the generous terms of his contract. He reckons he is worth it. “There is a 5 million key man insurance policy on me, and some of our banking arrangements are dependent on me stayi
37、ng with the company. So the outside world reckons Im fairly important-that isnt just my opinion.“He describes himself as being like the captain of a ship, and he has a firm belief in experience rather than management theory. “Youve got to learn your management skills by practical experience; otherwi
38、se you confuse delegating with passing the buck and you dont know when people are talking rubbish. I have the strength to fight off this takeover bid. For me its war. I am autocratic, because thats how you win. When you cut out all the emotion, its down to money. William Kamp is worth much more than
39、 this most inferior rival company has suggested. And I know I will be able to convince the shareholders of this./（分数：6.00）(1).Why is Kamps company in the news?（分数：1.00）A.He has problems with management.B.Another company wants to gain control of it.C.He is looking for new advisers to help run it.D.Th
40、ere have been complaints about his management styl(2).When the company went through a difficult period in the early 1980s, Kamp（分数：1.00）A.considered resigning from the company.B.thought the company was going to go bankrupt.C.made his father give up his power over the company.D.persuaded his father t
41、o change his policies.(3).Kamp says that he introduced automation at his factory because he（分数：1.00）A.wanted to make the future of the steel industry more secure.B.thought that his men were not working hard enough.C.needed to cut clown on the running costs of the company.D.believed it would encourag
42、e team spirit in his workforc(4).How does Kamp say he feels about having his wife working for the company?（分数：1.00）A.Embarrassed that people know about it.B.Certain that she is better than other consultants.C.Afraid that people will misunderstand her role in the company.D.Confident he can defend her
43、 contributions to the company.(5).With regard to his own position in the company, Kamp says（分数：1.00）A.people outside the company think hes overpaid.B.if he left, the company would lose some of its bank contracts.C.hes the most important member of the company.D.the value of his work justifies an incr
44、ease in his insurance policy.(6).Kamp says that his management style is characterised by（分数：1.00）A.being able to persuade shareholders to accept his point of view.B.showing no sign of emotion when dealing with financial matters.C.proving to his rivals that he is a strong leader.D.giving orders and e
45、xpecting others to obey them.五、PART FOUR(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Packaging and labeling are both very important to a product, as most physical products have to be packaged and labeled. Both are thought to be an element of product strategy and many marketers even have called pachaing a fifth P.The main concer
46、n in designing packages for products, especially for new (21) is true (22) industrial goods and appliances whose sales are made from display models. From the (23) of marketing, packaging is of vital importance in sales promotion. Sales are (24) by packages that are visible, informative, emotionally
47、appealing, and workable.Good packaging helps sell because (25) with high visibility are easier to find when they are displayed on store shelves. Design with good and useful information may help (26) customers and make them more (27) to decide to buy the goods.The (28) factor in packaging refers to t
48、he image that consumers form after viewing a product.(29) in packaging means that the container not only protects the product but is also easy to open and re-close, is readily stored, and has utility for secondary uses once the product is used up. For example, in China, some goods are packaged in a
49、special container-a real cup, which can be used as a cup after the goods within are used up.The label may be a simple tag attached to the product or an elaborate designed (30) that is part of the package. The label normally carries information about the brand name, manufacturers name and address, price, specifications, and so on.（分数：10.
