1、上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试真题 2008 年 9 月及答案解析(总分：300.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、SECTION 1 LISTENING (总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A Spot Dictatio(总题数：1，分数：30.00)When you stop and think about your high school or college alma mater, were your experiences more positive or negative? Do your feelings of (1) in that school have anything
2、to do with whether or not your school was single-sex or coed? (2) to send their children to single-sex schools, because they feel both (3) when they study in the company of students of the same sex. They (4) .For years, only parents who could afford to send their children to private schools, or who
3、had (5) , chose single-sex education for their children. Single-sex schooling was (6) for most American families. Today, however, along with (7) , public schools are experimenting with the idea of (8) .Girls may be the ones who benefit most from single-sex schooling. Studies have shown that (9) in c
4、oed classrooms because teachers sometimes pay more attention to boys. Girls (10) toward their studies tends to disappear as they begin to feel less successful. They start to (11) outperform them in math and science. As boys (12) , girls start to lose it. Moreover, adolescence is (13) for girls. As t
5、hey experience adolescent changes, some girls become depressed, develop an addiction, or suffer from (14) .In the early 1990s, some influential people said that being in single-sex classes could (15) . Schools across the country began creating single-sex classrooms and schools. But many critics clai
6、m that (16) may actually be detrimental to a girls education because they (17) of sex differences.The renewed interest in single-sex schooling (18) among Americans. Those who give it full endorsement believe girls need an all-female environment to take risks and find their own voices. Those who (19)
7、 of single-sex schooling wonder whether students lack of achievement warrants returning to an educational system that divides the sexes. They believe there is no (20) .（分数：30.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项
8、 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、Part B Listening Com(总题数：4，分数：20.00)A.A courier for a tour operator.B.An agent for models.C.An agency manager.D.A personal assistant.A.To keep the accounts.B.To write letters and answer the telephone.C.To organize business trips and conferences.D.To look after the models and keep
9、 them happy.A.Spanish and French.B.French and Italian.C.Italian and English.D.English and Spanish.A.Around 15,000.B.No less than 18,000.C.Somewhere between 20,000 and 22,000.D.At least 25,000.A.She has a university degree in accounting and economics.B.She is in her early twenties.C.She is applying f
10、or the job of a conference coordinator.D.She has adequate formal qualifications for the job.A.11.B.57.C.106.D.175.A.The trade deficit hit an all-time high in the previous quarter.B.The rise in gross domestic product was equal to 6.8 percent in the third quarter.C.The imbalance between imports and ex
11、ports improved from July to September.D.The rate of the British currency against the US dollar surged to a record high.A.A car bomb was exploded near the Associated Press office.B.A Spanish businessman was kidnapped by unidentified armed men.C.A dealer in Volkswagen cars was arrested by Palestinian
12、police.D.An A.P. photographer was taken away by masked gunmen.A.Dealing in lions and other big cats will be restrained.B.Killing large predators bred in captivity will be made illegal.C.The big game hunting will be outlawed throughout the whole country.D.Tranquilizing animals in a controlled environ
13、ment will be forbidden.A.The governor mobilized the states National Guard at short notice.B.The earthquake caused extensive damage and serious injuries.C.The state received federal emergency funds immediately after the quake.D.Land and air traffic, and communications were considerably affected.A.Peo
14、ple want to use their sick days when theyre not actually sick.B.People get in trouble with their boss at their place of work.C.Employees are dedicated to their job although theyre under no pressure.D.Employees go to work even when they are sick.A.It costs more productivity for companies than actuall
15、y absenteeism.B.It can be taken as an indication that there is so much pressure to go to work.C.The companies have to pay sick employees a great deal to stay home.D.There might be too many people who stay home when theyre not sick.A.22%.B.40%.C.56%.D.72%.A.Educating their workers about the importanc
16、e of staying home when sick.B.Letting people telecommute so that they can stay at home.C.Announcing disciplinary measures against those working when sick.D.Fostering an environment to encourage and paying sick employees to stay home.A.Telephones.B.Respiratory droplets.C.Door-knobs.D.Computer keyboar
17、ds.A.The widespread use of illegal drugs is the greatest concern of the Americans.B.Almost all drugs are sold in the poorest neighborhoods in the country.C.Most Americans agree that they have won a major victory in the drug war.D.The lengthy debate over legalizing drugs has been recently resolved.A.
18、$15 million.B.$50 million.C.$15 billion.D.100 times greater than the cost of producing these drugs.A.Opium being made legal in mid-nineteenth-century China.B.The end of prohibition of alcohol in America in the 1920s and 1930s.C.Drug pushers making billions of dollars each year.D.More money being nee
19、ded in education and medical care.A.Legalizing drugs would be considered unconstitutional.B.Decriminalizing drugs would be a surrender in a drug war that has not really even begun.C.The black market would not really disappear with the legalization of drugs.D.Legalization would lead to an increase in
20、 violent crime and child abuse.A.Americans have not chosen legalization as a solution to the drug problem.B.The current drug war is not working and legalization may be the only solution.C.The black market would really disappear with the legalization of drugs.D.Politicians who have answers to the dru
21、g problem claim the most votes.四、SECTION 2 READING TE(总题数：4，分数：50.00)Years ago, when I first started building websites for newspapers, many journalists told me that they saw the Internet as the end of reliable journalism. Since anyone could publish whatever they wanted online, “real journalism“ woul
22、d be overwhelmed, they said. Who would need professional reporters and editors if anyone could be a reporter or an editor? I would tell them not to worry. While my personal belief is that anyone can be a reporter or editor, I also know that quality counts. And that the “viral“ nature of the Internet
23、 means that when people find quality, they let other people know about it. Even nontraditional media sites online will survive only if the quality of their information is trusted. The future of online news will demand more good reporters and editors, not fewer.So I was intrigued when Newsweek recent
24、ly published a story called Revenge of the Expert. It argued that expertise would be the main component of “Web 3.0“. “The wisdom of the crowds has peaked,“ says Jason Calacanis, founder of the Maholo “people-powered search engine“ and a former AOL executive. “Web 3.0 is taking what weve built in We
25、b 2.0the wisdom of the crowdsand putting an editorial layer on it of truly talented, compensated people to make the product more trusted and refined.“ Well, yes and no. Sure, it is important for people to trust the information they find online. And as the Newsweek article argues, the need for people
26、 to find trusted information online is increasing, thus the need for more expertise. But the article fails to mention the most important feature of the world of digital information. Its not expertiseits choice.In many cases the sites that people come to trust are built on nontraditional models of ex
27、pertise. Look at sites like Digg. com, Reddit. com, or Slashdot. com. There, users provide the expertise on which others depend. When many users select a particular story, that story accumulates votes of confidence, which often lead other users to choose that story. The choices of the accumulated co
28、mmunity are seen as more trustworthy than the “gatekeeper“ model of traditional news and information. Sometimes such sites highlight great reporting from traditional media. But often they bring forward bits of important information that are ignored (or missed) by “experts“. Its sort of the “open sou
29、rce“ idea of informationa million eyes looking on the Web for information is better than a few.Jay Rosen, who writes the PressThink blog, says in an e-mail that hes seen this kind of story before, calling it a “kind of pathetic“ trend reporting. “I said in 2006, when starting NewAssignment. Net, tha
30、t the strongest editorial combinations will be pro-am. I still think that. Why? Because for most reporters covering a big sprawling beat, its still true what Dan Gillmor said. My readers know more than I do. And its still the case that tapping into that knowledge is becoming more practical because o
31、f the Internet.“J. D. Lasica, a social-media strategist and former editor, also says he sees no departure from the “wisdom of the crowds“ model. “Ive seen very little evidence that the sweeping cultural shifts weve seen in the past half dozen years show any signs of retreating,“ Mr. Lasica says. “Yo
32、ung people now rely on social networks.to take cues from their friends on which movies to see, books to read. And didnt Lonely Planet Guide explore this terrain for travel and Zagats for dining back in the 90s?“In many cases, traditional media is still the first choice of online users because the re
33、porters and editors of these media outlets have created a level of trust for many people but not for everyone. When you combine the idea of expertise with the idea of choice, you discover nontraditional information sites that become some of the Internets most trusted places. Take SCOTUSblog. com, wr
34、itten by lawyers about cases in the Supreme Court. It has become the place to go for other lawyers, reporters, and editors to find in-depth information about important cases. The Internet also allows individuals to achieve this level of trust. For instance, the Scobleizer. corn blog written by Rober
35、t Scoble. Mr. Scoble, a former Microsoft employee and tech expert, is widely seen as one of the most important people to read when you want to learn whats happening in the world of technology. He built his large audience on the fact that people trust his writing.To me, its the best of all possible i
36、nformation worlds.（分数：12.50）(1).According to the passage, the expression “real journalism“ is used to refer to _.（分数：2.50）A.traditional newspapers and magazinesB.online news and information provided by “the crowds“C.online news and information provided by professional reporters and editorsD.news and
37、 information from both traditional media and nontraditional media sites(2).When the author is describing the “viral“ nature of the Internet (para. 1), he uses the metaphorical expression to tell the readers that _.（分数：2.50）A.when transmitted through the Internet, any thing harmful would quickly be d
38、estroyedB.any message revealed through the Internet would survive whether it is trusted or notC.any “quality“ message would be quickly accepted and passed on from one anotherD.only the trusted online information would survive and be accepted by the crowds(3).Which of the following does NOT support t
39、he statement “Its not expertiseits choice. “ (para. 2)?（分数：2.50）A.Expertise determines the choice by the crowds.B.The world of digital information is built on the selection of netizens.C.Nontraditional models of expertise are built on the selection of users.D.The accumulated votes of confidence lead
40、 to the establishment of expertise.(4).What is the major argument of the passage?（分数：2.50）A.With the development of digital technology, anyone can be a reporter or editor.B.Professional reporters and editors are always the trusted “gatekeeper“ of traditional news and information.C.The choices of the
41、 accumulated online users should be considered more trustworthy and reliable than those of the few with expertise.D.Expertise would be the main component of both traditional media and nontraditional information sites.(5).The author introduces the Newsweek article Revenge of the Expert _.（分数：2.50）A.a
42、s a starting point for his argument and discussionB.to show it has won the support of Jay Rosen, J.D. Lasica, Dan Gillmor and many othersC.as an example to indicate the end of “real journalism“D.to prove that the future of digital information will be based more on expertise.Perhaps we could have our
43、 children pledge allegiance to a national motto. So thick and fast tumble the ideas about Britishness from the Government that the ridiculous no longer seems impossible. For the very debate about what it means to be a British citizen, long a particular passion of Gordon Brown, brutally illustrates t
44、he ever-decreasing circle that new Labour has become. The idea of a national motto has already attracted derision on a glorious scale-and theres nothing more British than the refusal to be defined. Times readers chose as their national motto: No motto please, we re British.Undaunted, here comes the
45、Government with another one: a review of citizenship, which suggests that schoolchildren be asked to swear an oath of allegiance to the Queen. It would be hard to think of something more profoundly undemocratic, less aligned to Mr. Browns supposed belief in meritocracy and enabling all children to a
46、chieve their full potential. Today you will hear the Chancellor profess the Governments continuing commitment to the abolition of child poverty, encapsulating a view of Britain in which the State tweaks the odds and the tax credit system to iron out inherited inequalities.You do not need to ask how
47、this vision of Britain can sit easily alongside a proposal to ask kids to pledge allegiance to the Queen before leaving school: it cannot. The one looks up towards an equal society, everyone rewarded according to merit and not the lottery of birth; the other bends its knee in obeisance to inherited
48、privilege and an undemocratic social and political system. In Mr. Browns view of the world, as I thought I understood it, an oath of allegiance from children to the Queen ought to be anathema, grotesque, off the scale, not even worth considering.Why then, could No 10 not dismiss it out of hand yesterday? Asked repeatedly at the morning briefing with journalists whether the Prime Minister supported the proposal, his spokesman hedged his bets. Mr. Brown welcomed the publication of the report; he thinks
