1、托福-练习十及答案解析(总分：38.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：12.00)Science Fiction? Not Any MoreScience fiction has often been the source of inspiration for new technologies. The exoskeletons and head-mounted displays featured in the film “Aliens“, for example, spawned a number of military-funded projects t
2、o try to create similar technologies. Automatic sliding doors might never have become popular had they not appeared on the television series “Star Trek“. And the popularity of flip-top or “clamshell“ mobile phones may stem from the desire to look like Captain Kirk flipping open his communicator on t
3、he same program.Now it seems that “Star Trek“ has done it again. This month, American soldiers in Iraq will begin trials of a device inspired by the “comm badge“ featured in “Star Trek: The Next Generation“. Like crew members of the starship Enterprise, soldiers will be able to talk to other members
4、 of their unit just by tapping and then speaking into a small badge worn on the chest. What sets the comm badge apart from a mere walkie-talkie, and appeals to “Star Trek“ fans, is the systems apparent intelligence. It works out who you are calling from spoken commands, and connects you instantly.Th
5、e system, developed by Vocera Communications of Cupertino, California, uses a combination of Wi-Fi wireless networking and Voice-over-internet Protocol (VolP) technologies to link up the badges via a central server, akin to a switchboard. The badges are already being used in 80 large institutions, m
6、ost of them hospitals, to replace overhead paging systems, says Brent Lang, Voceras vice-president.Like its science-fiction counterpart, the badge is designed so that all functions can be carried out by pressing a single button. On pressing it, the caller gives a command and specifies the name of a
7、person or group of people, such as “call Dr. Smith“ or “locate the nearest anesthesiologist“. Voice-recognition software interprets the commands and locates the appropriate person or group, based on whichever Wi-Fi base-station they are closest to. The person receiving the call then hears an audible
8、 alert stating the name of the caller and, if he or she wishes to take the call, responds by tapping the badge and starting to speak.That highlights a key difference between the “Star Trek“ comm badge and the real-life version: Voceras implementation allows people to reject incoming calls, rather th
9、an having the voice of the caller patched through automatically. But even the most purist fans can forgive Vocera for deviating from the script in this way, says David Batchelor, an astrophysicist and “ Star Trek“ enthusiast at NASAs Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. For there are,
10、 he notes, some curious aspects to the behavior of the comm badges in “Star Trek“. （分数：12.00）(1).According to the passage, through which of the following, new technologies are often the results of the inspirations? _（分数：1.00）A.Science fiction.B.Personalized ring tones.C.“Star Trek“ fans.D.Vocera bad
11、ges.(2).The word “inspiration“ in the passage is closest in meaning to _.（分数：1.00）A.stimulationB.transformC.activateD.energy(3).It can be inferred from the paragraph 2 which of the following is right? _（分数：1.00）A.“Comm badge“ is a communicator that only exist in science fiction.B.“Comm badge“ is wid
12、ely used in Iraq for war purposes.C.“Comm badge“ is an intelligent new device of voice-driven wireless communication.D.“Comm badge“ is a mere walkie-talkie that appeals to “Star Trek“ fans.(4).The word “intelligence“ in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _.（分数：1.00）A.facultyB.newsC.informationD.co
13、mmand(5).According to paragraph 4, the word “it“ refers to _.（分数：1.00）A.a personB.a single buttonC.science-fictionD.the badge(6).Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about the voice badges?（分数：1.00）A.All functions can be carried out by pressing a single button.B.The device is able to retri
14、eve stored information.C.The system can identify spoken commands and make connections instantly.D.The badges have taken the place of the paging system in some large institutions.(7).Which of the following is true about the Vocera badge is different from the fictional version?（分数：1.00）A.It is able to
15、 predict the future.B.It allows people to reject incoming calls.C.It works out who you are calling from spoken commands.D.Its very easy to us(8).Which of the following features of the Vocera system are not mentioned in the passage?（分数：1.00）A.It can forward calls to mobile phones.B.It can be trained
16、to understand users with strong accents.C.It can have wireless access to the internet.D.It can be used to photograph at night.(9).Which of the following would be not very likely to use the new communicating technology of the Vocera? _（分数：1.00）A.Hospitals.B.Army.C.Schools.D.Hotels.(10).According to t
17、he passage, Why is Voceras system particularly suitable for hospitals? _（分数：1.00）A.Improves efficiency.B.Save money.C.Improve quality.D.Is useful.(11).Look at the four squares, , , and （分数：1.00）A.Square .B.Square .C.Square .D.Square .(12).Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of t
18、he passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question
19、 is worth 2 points.Real life technology often finds its inspiration in science fiction.Undoubtedly Vocera badges are a successful example._Answer Choices A Captain Kirks motion of showing off his communicator encourages the invention of flip-top or “clamshell“ mobile phones. B Like the badges in “St
20、ar Trek“, Vocera badges show high intelligence, while the user can even decide whether to reject the call. C Hopefully Voceras system is able to help clinical staff work more efficiently and hospitals are a major market of this new technology. D To make Vocera badges work in a good way, a number of
21、Wi-Fi base-stations and a series of satellites must be involved. E The button on the badge is the central part of the whole Voceras system, because both the caller and the receiver need to press it to start their communication. F Voceras company is devoted to enhancing the badges function by continu
22、ing looking for fascinating ideas from “Star Trek“ series.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_二、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：13.00)Geothermal EnergyGeothermal energy is natural heat from the interior of the Earth that is converted to heat buildings and generate electricity. The idea of harnessing Earths internal heat is not new.
23、 As early as 1904, geothermal power was used in Italy. Today, Earths natural internal heat is being used to generate electricity in 21 countries, including Russia, Japan, New Zealand, Iceland, Mexico, Ethiopia, Guatemala, E1 Salvador, the Philippines, and the United States. Total worldwide productio
24、n is approaching 9,000 MW (equivalent to nine large modern coal-burning or nuclear power plants)-double the amount in 1980. Some 40 million people today receive their electricity from geothermal energy at a cost competitive with that of other energy sources. In E1 Salvador, geothermal energy is supp
25、lying 30% of the total electric energy used. However, at the global level, geothermal energy supplies less than 0.15% of the total energy supply.Geothermal energy may be considered a nonrenewable energy source when rates of extraction are greater than rates of natural replenishment. However, geother
26、rnal energy has its origin in the natural heat production within Earth, and only a small fraction of the vast total resource base is being utilized today. Although most geothermal energy production involves the tapping of high heat sources, people are also using the low-temperature geothermal energy
27、 of groundwater in some applications.Geothermal SystemsThe average heat flow from the interior of the Earth is very low, about 0.06 W/m2. This amount is trivial compared with the 177 W/m2 from solar heat at the surface in the United States. However, in some areas, heat flow is sufficiently high to b
28、e useful for producing energy. For the most part, areas of high heat flow are associated with plate tectonic boundaries. Oceanic ridge systems (divergent plate boundaries) and areas where mountains are being uplifted and volcanic island arcs are forming (convergent plate boundaries are areas where t
29、his natural heat flow is anomalously high. On the basis of geological criteria, several types of hot geothermal systems (with temperatures greater than about 80, or 176) have been defined, and the resource base is larger than that of fossil fuels and nuclear energy combined. A common system for ener
30、gy development is hydrothermal convection, characterized by the circulation of steam and/or hot water that transfers heat from depths to the surface. （分数：13.00）(1).In paragraph 1, the author introduces the concept of geothermal energy by _.（分数：1.00）A.explaining the history of this energy source worl
31、dwideB.arguing that this energy source has been tried unsuccessfullyC.comparing the production with that of other energy sourcesD.describing the alternatives for generating electric power(2).What is true about geothermal energy production worldwide? _（分数：1.00）A.Because it is a new idea, very few cou
32、ntries are developing geothermal energy sources.B.Only countries in the Southern Hemisphere are using geothermal energy on a large scale.C.Until the cost of geothermal energy becomes competitive, it will not be used globally.D.Geothermal energy is already being used in a number of nations, but it is
33、 not yet a major source of power.(3).The word “approaching“ in the passage is closest in meaning to _.（分数：1.00）A.hardlyB.mostlyC.nearlyD.briefly(4).The word “that“ in the passage refers to _.（分数：1.00）A.electricityB.costC.energyD.people(5).In paragraph 2, the author states that geothermal energy is c
34、onsidered a nonrenewable resource because _.（分数：1.00）A.the production of geothermal energy is a natural processB.geothermal energy comes from the EarthC.we are not using very much geothermal energy nowD.we could use more geothermal energy than is naturally replaced(6).Which of the sentences below be
35、st expresses the information in the highlighted statement in the passage? The other choices change the meaning or leave out important information.（分数：1.00）A.High heat is the source of most of the geothermal energy but low heat groundwater is also used sometimes.B.Even though low temperatures are pos
36、sible, high heat is the best resource for energy production for groundwater.C.Both high heat and low heat sources are used for the production of geothermal energy from groundwater.D.Most high heat sources for geothermal energy are tapped from applications that involve low heat in groundwater.(7).Acc
37、ording to paragraph 3, the heat flow necessary for the production of geothermal energy _.（分数：1.00）A.is like solar heat on the Earths surfaceB.happens near tectonic plate boundariesC.must always be artificially increasedD.may be impractical because of its location(8).The word “considerable“ in the pa
38、ssage is closest in meaning to _.（分数：1.00）A.largeB.dangerousC.steadyD.unexpected(9).In paragraph 5, the author mentions the atmospheric pollution and waste products for fossil fuel and nuclear power _.（分数：1.00）A.to introduce the discussion of pollution caused by geothermal energy development and pro
39、ductionB.to contrast pollution caused by fossil fuels and nuclear power with pollution caused by geothermal energyC.to argue that geothermal production does not cause pollution like other sources of energy doC. to discourage the use of raw materials and chemicals in the production of energy because
40、of pollution(10).According to paragraph 6, the production of geothermal energy in Hawaii is controversial for all of the following reasons EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.the volcanoes in Hawaii could be disrupted by the rapid release of geothermal energyB.the rainforest might be damaged during the construction
41、 of the geothermal energy plantC.the native people are concerned that geothermal energy is disrespectful to their cultural traditionsD.some Hawaiians oppose using geothermal energy because of their religious beliefs(11).What is the authors opinion of geothermal energy?（分数：1.00）A.Geothermal energy ha
42、s some disadvantages, but it is probably going to be used in the future.B.Geothermal energy is a source that should be explored further before large-scale production begins.C.Geothermal energy offers an opportunity to supply a significant amount of power in the future.D.Geothermal energy should repl
43、ace water power in the production of electricity for the United States.(12).Look at the four squares, , , and （分数：1.00）A.Square .B.Square .C.Square .D.Square .(13).Directions: Complete the table by. matching the phrases on the left with the headings on the right. Select the appropriate answer choice
44、s and drag them to Fossil Fuels or Geothermal Energy. TWO of the answer choices will NOT be used. This question is worth 4 points.Fossil Fuels_Geothermal Energy_ A Radioactive waste materials must be buried. B Only a small amount of electricity is currently generated. C Transportation of raw materia
45、ls is usually very costly. D Cultural beliefs question the use of this natural resource. E Gas emissions and disposal ites are problematic. F Water treatment problems occur as a result. G It is a renewable resource for power. H Refinement of chemicals is necessary. I Air pollution is a by-product of
46、 the process.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_三、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：13.00)San Francisco: Its Contemporary IssuesFamous for its beautiful setting, San Francisco is built on a series of steep hills located on the northern tip of a peninsula at the entrance to San Francisco Bay. The bay and its extensions, which include
47、 San Pablo Bay and Suisun Bay, constitute one of the great natural harbors of the world, embracing nearly 1,200 sq km (more than 450 sq mi) of water. Because of this, San Francisco was once the major Pacific Coast seaport of the United States. Today the city is an important center for finance, techn
48、ology, tourism, and culture. The city was named after San Francisco Bay, which in turn was named for Saint Francis of Assisi by early Spanish explorers.The people of San Francisco can take pride in their citys accomplishments. San Franciscans, and in some cases their counterparts in the Bay Area, ha
49、ve successfully undertaken mammoth construction projects such as the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge, the Golden Gate Bridge, and the Bay Area Rapid Transit system. Since at least the 1950s, San Franciscans have also earned a reputation for tolerance of and respect for diversity. （分数：13.00）(1).The word “this“ in the passage refers to _.（分
