1、职称英语理工类 B 级真题 2014 年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：120 分钟)一、第一部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The majority of people around here are decent. （分数：1.00）A.realB.honestC.normalD.wealthy2.The curriculum was too narrow and too rigid. （分数：1.00）A.hiddenB.traditionalC.inflexibleD.official3.The committee was asked to render
2、a report on the housing situation. （分数：1.00）A.furnishB.copyC.publishD.summarize4.Afterwards there was just a feeling of let-down. （分数：1.00）A.excitementB.disappointmentC.angerD.calm5.Several windows had been smashed. （分数：1.00）A.cleanedB.replacedC.fixedD.broken6.The worst agonies of the war were now b
3、eginning. （分数：1.00）A.painsB.partsC.aspectsD.results7.London quickly became a flourishing port. （分数：1.00）A.majorB.largeC.successfulD.commercial8.She felt that she had done her good deed for the day. （分数：1.00）A.homeworkB.justiceC.modelD.act9.He led a very moral life. （分数：1.00）A.humanB.intelligentC.nat
4、uralD.honourable10.His stomach felt hollow with fear. （分数：1.00）A.sincereB.respectfulC.emptyD.terrible11.It was a majic night until the spell was broken.（分数：1.00）A.timeB.charmC.spaceD.opportunity12.His professional career spanned 16 years. （分数：1.00）A.startedB.changedC.movedD.lasted13.They are trying
5、to identify what is wrong with the present system. （分数：1.00）A.discoverB.proveC.considerD.imagine14.His knowledge of French is fair. （分数：1.00）A.very usefulB.very limitedC.quite goodD.rather special15.The group does not advocate the use of violence. （分数：1.00）A.limitB.regulateC.opposeD.support二、第二部分：阅读
6、判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)So Many Earths The Milky Way (银河) contains billions of Earth-sized planets that could support life thats the finding of a new study. It draws on date that came from NASAs top planet-hunting telescope. A mechanical failure recently put that Kepler space telescope out of service. Kepl
7、er had played a big role in creating a census of planets orbiting some 170,000 stars. Its data have been helping astronomers predict how common planets are in our galaxy. The telescope focused on hunting planets that might have conditions similar to those on Earth. The authors of a study,published i
8、n The Proceedings of the National Academy of sciences,conclude that between 14 and 30 out of every 100 stars, with a mass and temperature similar to the Sun, may host a planet that could support life as we know it. Such a planet would have a diameter at least as large as Earths, but no more than twi
9、ce that big . The planet also would have to orbit in a stars habitable zone. Thats where the surface temperature would allow any water to exist as a liquid. The new estimate of how many planets might fit these conditions comes from studying more than 42,000 stars and identifying suitable worlds orbi
10、ting them. The scientists used those numbers to extrapolate (推算) to the rest of the stars that the telescope could not see . The estimate is rough, the authors admit. If applied to the solar system, it would define as habitable a zone starting as close to the Sun as Venus and running to as far away
11、as Mars. Neither planet is Earthlike (although either might have been in the distant past). Using tighter limits, the researchers estimate that between 4 and 8 out of every 100 Sunlike stars could host an Earth-sized world. These are ones that would take 200 to 400 days to complete a yearly orbit. F
12、our out of every 100 sunlike stars doesnt sound like a big number. It would mean, however, that the Milky Way could host more than a billion Earth-sized planets with a change for life.（分数：7.00）(1).The Kepler space telescope has been in service for 15 years. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).
13、The main task of the Kepler space telescope is to find out planets with similar conditions to Earths. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).The planet that could support life might be a little bit smaller than Earth. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).The Earth is planet orbiting in the S
14、uns habitable zone. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).The new finding is based on a thorough study of 170,000 stars in the Milky Way. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).The estimate of the number of planets that could support life is not very accurate. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not men
15、tioned(7).This is the first research finding about the planets with a chance for life. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第三部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Climate Change : The Long Reach 1 . Earth is warming. Sea levels are rising. There s more carbon in the air, and Arctic ice is melting faster th
16、an at any time in recorded history. Scientists who study the environment to better gauge (评估) .Earths future climate now argue that these changes may not reverse for a very long time . 2 . People burn fossil fuels like coal and oil for energy. That burning releases carbon dioxide, a colorless gas .
17、In the air , this gas traps heat at Earths surface . And the more carbon dioxide released , the more the planet warms . If current consumption of fossil fuels doesnt slow , the long-term climate impacts could last thousands of years-and be more severe than scientists had been expecting. Climatologis
18、t Richard Zeebe of the University of Hawaii at Manoa offers this conclusion in a new paper. 3. Most climate-change studies look at whats going to happen in the next century or so . During that time, changes in the planets environment could nudge(推动) global warming even higher. For example: Snow and
19、ice reflect sunlight back into space. But as these melt, sunlight can now reach- and warm the exposed ground . This extra heat raises the air temperature even more, causing even more snow to melt. This type of rapid exaggeration of impacts is called a fast feedback. 4. Zeebe says its important to lo
20、ok at fast feedbacks. However, he adds, they re limited. From a climate change perspective, This century is the most important time for the next few generations, he told Science News “But the world is not ending in 2100”. For his new study. Zeebe how focuses on “slow feedbacks”. While fast feedback
21、events unfold over decades or centuries, slow feedbacks can take thousands of years. Melting of continental ice sheets and the migration of plant life - as they relocate to more comfortable areas - are two examples of slow feedbacks. 5. Zeebe gathered information from previously published studies in
22、vestigating how such processes played out over thousands of years during past dramatic changes in climate. Then he came up with a forecast for the future that accounts for both slow and fast feedback processes. Climate forecasts that use only fast feedbacks predict a 4.5 degree Celsius (8.1 degree F
23、ahrenheit) change by the year 3000. But slow feedbacks added another 1.5 - for a 6 total increase, Zeebe reports. He also found that slow feedback events will cause global warming to persist for thousands of years after people run out of fossil fuels to burn. （分数：8.00）(1).A. A prediction of future c
24、limate change B. Impact of burning fossil fuels C. Fast feedbacks D. Unpredictability of feedback processes E. Rising of sea levels F. Slow feedbacks Paragraph 2 _ （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(2).Paragraph 3 _ （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(3).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(4).Paragraph 5 _ （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F
25、.(5).A. A prediction of future climate change B. Impact of burning fossil fuels C. Fast feedbacks D. Unpredictability of feedback processes E. Rising of sea levels F. Slow feedbacks Arctic ice has never been melting so fast in _ （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(6).Melting of snow and ice enables sunlight to re
26、ach _（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(7).Zeebe came up with his future climate prediction by analyzing _ （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(8).After fossil fuels are used up, global warming will continue for _ （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.四、第四部分：阅读理解(总题数：3，分数：45.00)第一篇 Eye-tracker Lots You Drag and Drop Files with a Glance Bored o
27、f using a mouse? Soon youll be able to change stuff on your computer screen and then move it directly onto your smartphone or tablet(平板电脑) with nothing more than a glance. A system called EyeDrop uses a head-mounted eye tracker that simultaneously records your field of view so it knows where you are
28、 looking on the screen. Gazing at an object a photo, say and then pressing a key, selects that object. It can then be moved from the screen to a tablet or smartphone just by glancing at the second device, as long as the two are connected wirelessly. “The beauty of using gaze to support this is that
29、our eyes naturally focus on content that we want to acquire, “says Jayson Turner, who developed the system with colleagues at Lancaster University, UK. Turner believes EyeDrop would be useful to transfer an interactive map or contact information from a public display to your smartphone or for sharin
30、g photos. A button needs to be used to select the object you are looking at otherwise you end up with the “Midas touch“(点石成金) effect, whereby everything you look at gets selected by your gaze, says Turner. “Imagine if your mouse clicked on everything it pointed at,“ he says. Christian Holz, a resear
31、cher in human-computer interaction at Yahoo Labs in Sunnyvale, California, says the system is a nice take on getting round this fundamental problem of using gaze-tracking to interact. “EyeDrop solves this in a slick (灵巧的)way by combining it with input on the touch devices we carry with us most of th
32、e time anyway and using touch input as a clutching mechanism,“ he says. “This now allows users to seamlessly(无缝地) interact across devices far and close in a very natural manner.“ While current eye-trackers are rather bulky, mainstream consumer devices are not too far away. Swedish firm Tobii is deve
33、loping gaze-tracking technology that can be installed in laptops and tablets and is expected to be available to buy next year. And the Google Glass headset is expected to include eye-tracking in the future. Turner says he has also looked at how content can be cut and pasted or drag-and-dropped using
34、 a mix of gaze and taps on a touch screen. The system was presented at the Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia in Sweden, last week. （分数：15.00）(1).The eye-tracker technology enables us to_ （分数：3.00）A.change our computer screen.B.focus on anything that interests us.C.get a smartphone conne
35、cted wirelessly.D.move an object from screen with a glance.(2).Why is a button needed? （分数：3.00）A.To minimize the cost of EyeDrop.B.To choose as many objects as possible.C.To make EyeDrop different from others.D.To select what we want.(3).The word “this” in Paragraph 6 refers to_ （分数：3.00）A.applicat
36、ion of gaze-tracking in human-computer interaction.B.interaction between human and computer.C.combination of gaze-tracking with input on touch devices.D.generalization of EyeDrop system.(4).Which of the following statement is true of eye-trackers for consumer devices. （分数：3.00）A.They are costly.B.Th
37、ey are available.C.They are installed in Google Glass headset.D.They are expected to come out soon.(5).What is Turner likely to study next? （分数：3.00）A.How to drag and drop with gaze and taps.B.How to present the system in public.C.How to get touch screen involved.D.How to cut and paste content from
38、a public display.第二篇 The Mir Space Station The Russian Mir Space Station, which came down in 2001 at last after 15 years of pioneering the concept of long-term human space flight, is remembered for its accomplishments in the human space flight history. It can be credited with many firsts in space. T
39、he Soviet Union launched Mir, which was designed to last from three to five years, on February 20, 1986, and housed 104 astronauts over 12 years and seven months, most of whom were not Russian. In fact, it became the first international space station by playing host to1 62 people from 11 countries.
40、From 1995 through 1998, seven astronauts from the United States took turns living on Mir for up to six months each2. They were among the 37 Americans who visited the station during nine stopovers by space shuttles. The more than 400 million the United States provided Russian for the visits not only
41、kept Mir operating, but also gave the Americans and their partners in the international station project valuable experience in long-term flight and multinational operations. A debate continues over Mirs contributions to science. During its existence, Mir was the laboratory for 23,000 experiments and
42、 earned scientific equipment, estimated to be worth $80 million, from many nations.3 Experiments on Mir arc credited with a range of findings, from the first solid measurement of the ration of heavy helium atoms in space to how to grow wheat in space. But for those favouring human space exploration,
43、 Mir showed that people could live and work in space long enough for a trip to Mars. The longest single stay in space is the 437.7 days that Russian astronaut Valery Polyakov spent on Mir from 1994 to 1995. And Sergie Avdeyev accumulated 747.6 days in space in three trips to the space station. The l
44、ongest American stay was that of Shannon Lucid4, who spent 188 days aboard Mir in 1996. Despite the many firsts Mir accomplished, 1997 was a bad year out of 15 for Mir, In 1997, an oxygen generator caught fire. Later, the main computer system broke down, causing the station to drift several times an
45、d there were power failures. Most of these problems were repaired, with American help and suppliers, but Mirs reputation as a space station was ruined. Mirs setbacks arc nothing, though5, when we compare them with its accomplishments. Mir was a tremendous success, which will be remembered as a miles
46、tone in space exploration and the space station that showed long-term human habitation in space was possible. But its time to move on to the next generation. The International Space Station being built will be better, but it owes a great debt to Mir. （分数：15.00）(1).We can learn from the passage that
47、the Mir Space Station（分数：3.00）A.was designed to last over 5 years.B.played host to 7 astronauts from different countries.C.was visited only by Americans.D.was built by Russians.(2).One of the contributions Mir makes to science is that, it （分数：3.00）A.help astronauts get close to Mars.B.enables scient
48、ists to develop new scientific equipment.C.sets a record of the longest single human stay in space.D.shows that multinational operations in space are less expensive.(3).What happened to Mir in 1997? （分数：3.00）A.it ran out its fund.B.it was completely damaged by fire.C.its reputation was ruined due to
49、 power failures.D.its main computer system broke out.(4).It can be inferred from the last paragraph that （分数：3.00）A.space exploration will not experience setbacks.B.it is difficult for other space stations exceed Mirs success.C.Mir is the best long-term human habitation in space in history.D.multinational space operation are getting more accomplishments.(5).What is the authors attitude toward Mir? （分数：3.00）A.indifferentB.ironicC.favorableD.negative第三篇 Approaches to Understandin
