1、职称英语综合类 B 级-39 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Silk, although it is considered a delicate fabric, is in fact very strong, but it is adversely affected by sunlight. A. soft B. sheer C. fragile D. refined（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.He does nothing that break the interests of the coll
2、ective. A. runs for B. runs against C. runs over D. runs into（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.There are some things in the class the teachers will not put up with. A. tolerate B. contribute C. resist D. prohibit（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.Before you decide on a vocation, it might be a good idea to consult a few good frien
3、ds. A. career B. holiday C. plan D. research（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.Without question, peoples lives in China have improved dramatically in the past two decades. A. Out of the question B. No doubt C. Naturally D. Obviously（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.Talks on climate change resumed in the German city of Bonn on Jul
4、y 16 to combat global warming. A. focus on B. settle down C. fight against D. sum up（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.The Americans recognize that the UN can be the channel for greater diplomatic activity. A. place B. medium C. resort D. tunnel（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.It is anticipated that this contract will considerab
5、ly increase sales over the next three years. A. apparently B. slightly C. greatly D. steadily（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.Now about half of the women who work in social welfare are part-time, as compared to 38% in the private sector. A. guarantee B. farewell C. well-off D. well-being（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.The te
6、mperatures are somewhat lower than the average temperature in May this year. A. rather B. very C. a little D. less（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.Nobody can help but be fascinated by the world into which he is taken by the science fiction. A. impressed B. amused C. attracted D. puzzled（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.In spi
7、te of a problem with the faulty equipment, some very useful work was accomplished. A. imperfect B. temporary C. emergency D. reinstalled（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.Senator James Meeks has called off a boycott of Chicago Public Schools, organized to protest Illinois education funding system. A. reclaimed B.
8、proposed C. indulged D. canceled（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.The growth of part-time and flexible working pattern allows more women to take advantage of job opportunities. A. make use of B. catch up with C. cast light on D. get rid of（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.When a man knows that he will be put into prison if he
9、uses a potentially deadly object to rob or do harm to another person, he will think twice about it. A. passive B. lifelong C. unhappy D. fatal（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)The Cold PlacesThe Arctic is a polar region. It surrounds the North Pole.Like Antarctica, the Arctic is a land of
10、 ice and snow. Antarctica holds the record for a low temperature reading 125 Fahrenheit below zero. Readings of 85 degrees below zero are common in both the Arctic and Antarctica. Winter temperatures average 30 degrees below zero in the Arctic At the South Pole the winter is about 73 degrees below z
11、ero.One thing alone makes it almost impossible for men to live in Antarctica and in parts of the Arctic. This one thing is the low temperature-the killing chill of the far North and the polar South.To survive, men must wear the warmest possible clothing. They must build windproof shelters. They must
12、 keep heaters going at all times. Not even for moment can they be unprotected against the below-zero temperature.Men have a way of providing for themselves. Polar explorers wrap themselves in warm coats and furs. The cold makes life difficult. But the explorers can stay alive.What about animals? Can
13、 they survive? Do we find plants? Do we find life in the Arctic and the Antarctica? Yes, we do. There is life in the oceans. There is life on land.Antarctica, as we have seen, is a cold place indeed. But this has not always been the case. Expedition scientists have discovered that Antarctica may hav
14、e been much like our own.Explores have discovered coal in Antarctica. This leads them to believe that Antarctica at one time was a land of swamps and forests. Heat and moisture must have kept the trees in the forests alive.（分数：7.00）(1).As discovered by expedition scientists, Antarctica has not alway
15、s been so cold as it is today, so has the Arctic.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Winter temperatures average 85 degrees below zero in Antarctic（分数：1.00）A.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned(3).The Arctic and Antarctica are no mans lands because of their notorious coldness.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.Wr
16、ongC.Not mentioned(4).Polar explorers can stay alive without heaters and windproof shelters.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Despite the hostile environment, both animals and plants can be found in the oceans and on land in polar areas.A. Right B. Wrong (3. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(6).T
17、he lowest temperature that man has ever known was recorded in Antarctica.A. Right B. Wrong (3. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(7).At one time, the weather in Antarctica was so warm and damp that trees grew there.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00) A. The invention of
18、 the fridge B. The pollution caused by fridges C. The widespread need for fridges D. The days without the fridge E. The waste of energy caused by fridges F. The fridges contribution to commerce（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 2_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 4_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 5_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4
19、).Paragraph 6_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ A. milk, meat, vegetables, etc. were delivered B. it has promoted the sales of many kinds of commodities C. foods can be preserved D. most kids like iced soft drinks E. every housewife needs food F. the fridge produced when it is working（分数：4.00）(1).Before fridges came
20、 into use, it was still possible for people to have fresh foods because_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).The invention of the fridge has not provided a new, economical way in which_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).An important contribution made by the invention of the fridge is that_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).If you stop using t
21、he fridge, at least you wont be troubled by the noise_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Medical EducationIn 18th-century colonial America, those who wanted to become physicians either learned as personal students from established professionals or went abroad to study
22、in the traditional schools of London, Parisand Edinburgh. Medicine was first taught formally by specialists at the University of Pennsylvania, beginning in 1765, and in 1767 at Kings College (now Columbia University), the first institution in the colonies to give the degree of doctor of medicine.Fol
23、lowing the American Revolution, the Columbia medical faculty (formerly of Kings College) was combined with the College of Physicians and Surgeons, chartered in 1809, which survives as a division of Columbia University.In 1893 the Johns Hopkins Medical School required all applicants to have a college
24、 degree and was the first to afford its students the opportunity to further their training in an attached teaching hospital. The growth of medical schools attached with established institutions of learning went together with the development of proprietary (私营的) schools of medicine run for personal p
25、rofit, most of which had 10W standards and poor facilities. In 1910 Abraham Flexner, the American education reformer, wrote Medical Education in the United States and Canada, exposing the poor conditions of most proprietary schools. Subsequently, the American Medical Association (AMA) and the Associ
26、ation of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) laid down standards for course content, qualifications of teachers, laboratory facilities, connection with teaching hospitals and licensing of medical practitioners (开业医师) that survive to this day.By the late 1980s the US and Canada had 142 4-year medical co
27、lleges recognized by the Liaison (联络) Committee on Medical Education to offer the M. D. degree; during the 1987-88 academic year, 47,262 men and 25,686 women entered these colleges and an estimated 11,752 men and 5,958 women were graduated. Graduates, after a year of internship (实习期) , receive licen
28、ses to practice if they pass an examination given either by a state board or by the National Board of Medical Examiners.（分数：15.00）(1).In 18th-century America, higher institutions of learning that taught medicine_.（分数：3.00）A.did not existB.were few in numberC.were better than those in EuropeD.were kn
29、own for their teaching hospitals(2).Initially most proprietary schools of medicine in America_.（分数：3.00）A.had established professionalsB.had good facilitiesC.had high standardsD.were in poor conditions(3).The AMA and AAMC established standards so as to_.（分数：3.00）A.recruit more studentsB.set up more
30、schools of medicineC.ensure the quality of medical teaching and practiceD.prevent medical schools from making huge profits(4).After a year of internship medical graduates can start to practice_.（分数：3.00）A.if they have worked in a laboratoryB.if they have studied abroad for some timeC.if they have ob
31、tained an M.D.degreeD. if they have passed an examination(5).This passage is mainly about_.（分数：3.00）A.how medicine is taught in AmericaB.how medical education has developed in AmericaC.how the American educational system worksD.how one can become a good doctor六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)U. S. Blacks Hard-h
32、it by CancerDeath rates for cancer are falling for all Americans, but black Americans are still more likely to die of cancer than whites, the American Cancer Society said MondayIn a special report on cancer and blacks, the organization said blacks are usually diagnosed with cancer later than whites,
33、 and they are more likely to die of the disease. This could be because of unequal (不平等的) access to medical care, because blacks are more likely to have other diseases as well, and perhaps because of differences in the biology (生物学) of the cancer itself, the report added.“In general, black Americans
34、have less hope of surviving five years after diagnosis than whites for all cancer sites and all stages of diagnosis,“ the report said.“In describing cancer statistics for black Americans, this report recognizes that many of the differences associated with race may be caused by unfair social and econ
35、omic differences and unequal access to medical care.“The cancer society said blacks should be encouraged to get check-ups (体格检查) earlier, when cancer is more treatable, and it said more research is needed to see if biological differences play a role.“The new statistics emphasize the continuing impor
36、tance of wiping out these unfair social differences through public policy and education efforts,“ the organization said in a statement.But it also noted a drop in cancer death rates.“Cancer death rates in both sexes for all sites combined have dropped greatly among black Americans since 1992, as hav
37、e incidence rates (发生率) ,“ said the report.（分数：15.00）(1).Black Americans arc more likely to die of cancer than_.（分数：3.00）A.people in other countriesB.white AmericansC.all other AmericansD.their ancestors(2).Which may NOT be a reason for higher cancer death rates among US blacks?（分数：3.00）A.Unequal ac
38、cess to medical careB.Greater probability of having other diseasesC.Differences in the biology of the cancerD.Early diagnosis(3).Cancer is more treatable if it is detected_.（分数：3.00）A.in an early stageB.in a late stageC.all of a suddenD.together with other diseases(4).Public policy and education eff
39、orts may help to do away with_.（分数：3.00）A.death ratesB.various cancersC.unfair social differencesD.biological differences(5).Since 1992, cancer death rates among black Americans_.（分数：3.00）A.have been going up and downB.have remained stableC.have increasedD.have fallen七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The Only Wa
40、y Is UpThink of a modem city and the first image that come to mind is the skyline. It is full of great buildings, pointing like fingers to heaven. It is true that some cities dont permit buildings to go above a certain height. But these are cities concerned with the past. The first thing any city do
41、es when it wants to tell the world that it has arrived is to build skyscrapers.When people gather together in cities, they create a demand for land. Since cities are places where money is made, that demand can be met. And the best way to make money out of city land is to put as many people as possib
42、le in a space that covers the smallest amount of ground. That means building upwards.The technology existed to do this as early as the 19th century. But the height of buildings was limited by one important factor. They had to be small enough for people on the top floors to climb stairs. People could
43、 not be expected to climb a mountain at the end of their journey to work, or home.Elisha Otis, a US inventor, was the man who brought us the lift-or elevator, as he preferred to call it. However, most of the technology is very old. Lifts work using the same pulley system the Egyptians used to create
44、 the Pyramids. What Otis did was attach the system to a steam engine and develop the elevator brake, which stops the lift falling if the cords that hold it up are broken. It was this that did the most to gain public confidence in the new invention. In fact, he spent a number of years exhibiting lift
45、s at fairgrounds, giving people the chance to try them out before selling the idea to architects and builders.A lift would not be a very good theme park attraction now. Going in a lift is such an everyday thing that it would just be boring. Yet psychologists and others who study human behavior find
46、lifts fascinating. The reason is simple. Scientists have always studied animals in zoos. The nearest they can get to that with humans is in observing them in lifts.“It breaks all the usual conventions about the bubble of personal space we carry around with us-and you just cant choose to move away,“
47、says workplace psychologist, Gary Fitzgibbon. Being trapped in this setting can create different types of tensions, he says. Some people are scared of them. Others use them as an opportunity to get close to the boss. Some stand close to the door. Others hide in the comers. Most people try and shrink
48、 into the background. But some behave in a way that makes others notice them. There are a few people who just stand in a comer taking notes.Dont worry about them. They fire probably from a university.（分数：15.00）(1).“.these are cities concerned with the past“ in the first paragraph refer to cities that_.（分数：3.00）A.are worried about their pastB.have a glorious past to be proud ofC.want to maintain their traditional imageD.are very interested in their own history(2).The difficulty in constructing tall buildings in the 19th century lies in_.（分数：3.00）A.the shortage of moneyB.the lack
