1、职称英语综合类 B 级-50 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.You should have blended the butter with the sugar thoroughly.AmixedBspreadCbeatenDcovered（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.Mary looked pale and weary. A. gloomy B. uglyC. silly D. exhausted（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.I rarely wear a raincoat because
2、I spend most of my time in a car.A. normally B. seldomC. frequently D. usually（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.Jim has gained so much weight that a lot of his clothes dont fit him any more.A. put off B. put down C. put on D. put up（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.The boy is intelligent.A. clever B. naughtyC. difficult D. activ
3、e（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.It is virtually impossible to persuade him to apply for the job.A. simply B. almostC. totally D. completely（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.Numerous parallels exist between Ernest Hemingways life and the lives of his characters. Astudies Bproblems Csimilarities Dbiases（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.France
4、 has kept intimate links with its former African territories.A. friendly B. privateC. strong D. secret（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.The new students were surprised by what they saw on campus.A. moved B. touched C. shocked D. worried（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.Many factory workers find their jobs tiresome.Adifficult Bp
5、ointless Cprofitable Dboring（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.It is anticipated that this contract will considerably increase sales over the next three years.A. apparently B. slightly C. greatly D. steadily（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.He endured agonies before he finally expired. A. firedB. resigned C. diedD. retreated（分数
6、：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.Mary evidently is the most diligent student among us.A. intelligent B. beautiful C. talkative D. hardworking（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.Please do net hesitate to call me if I can be of further assistance.A. contact B. seeC. help D. touch（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.The normal price of a ticket for a
7、n adult is $ 230.A. ordinary B. properC. fair D. medium（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)TV Games ShowsOne of the most fascinating things about television is the size of the audience. A novel can be on the “best sellers“ list with a sale of fewer than 100,000 copies, but a popular TV show
8、 might have 70 million TV viewers. TV can make anything or anyone well known overnight.This is the principle behind “quiz“ or “game“ shows, which put ordinary people on TV to play a game for the prize and money. A quiz show can make anyone a star, and it can give away thousands of dollars just for f
9、un. But all of this money can create problems. For instance, in the 1950s, quiz shows were very popular in the US and almost everyone watched them. Charles Van Doren, an English instructor, became rich and famous after winning money on several shows. He even had a career as a television personality.
10、 But one of the losers proved that Charles Van Doren was cheating. It turned out that the shows producers, who were pulling the strings, gave the answers to the most popular contestants beforehand. Why? Because if the audience didnt like the person who won the game, they turned the show off. Based o
11、n his story, a movie under the title “Quiz Show“ is on 40 years later.Charles Van Doren is no longer involved with TV. But game shows are still here, though they arent taken as seriously. In fact, some of them try to be as ridiculous as possible. There are shows that send strangers on vacation trips
12、 together, or that try to cause newly-married couples to fight on TV, or that punish losers by humiliating them. The entertainment now is to see what people will do just to be on TV. People still win money, but the real prize is to be in front of an audience of millions.（分数：7.00）(1).Winners of prese
13、nt-day TV shows no longer get money from the shows.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(2).TV can make a beggar world-famous overnight.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(3).The principle behind “quiz“ or “game“ shows is to put ordinary people on TV to play a game for priz
14、es and money.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(4).Prizes and money are usually provided by TV stars and large companies for winners.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(5).One of the TV personalities, Charles Van Doren was proved to be cheating by persuading the shows pr
15、oducers to give him the answers beforehand.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(6).The huge scandal of cheating in TV games shows was not exposed until 40 years later in the movie “Quiz Show“.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(7).Nowadays game shows are not treated as ser
16、iously as they used to be.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Transport and Trade1. Transport is one of the aids to trade. By moving goods from places where they are plentiful to places where they are scarce, transport adds to their value. The more easil
17、y goods can be brought over the distance that separates producer and consumer, the better for trade. When there were no railways, no good roads, no canals, and only small sailing ships, trade was on a small scale. 2. The great advances made in transport during the last two hundred years were accompa
18、nied by a big in crease in trade. Bigger and faster ships enabled a trade in meat to develop between Britain and New Zealand, for instance. Quicker transport makes possible mass-production and big business, drawing supplies from, and selling goods to, all parts of the global. Big factories could not
19、 exist without transport to carry the large number of workers they need to and from their homes. Big city stores could not have developed unless customers could travel easily from the suburbs and goods delivered to their homes. Big cities could not survive unless food could be brought from a distanc
20、e. 3. Transport also prevents waste. Much of the fish landed at the ports would be wasted if it could not be taken quickly to inland towns. Transport has given us a much greater variety of foods and goods since we no longer have to live on what is produced locally, Foods, which at one time could be
21、obtained (获得) only during a part of the year, can now be obtained all through the year. Transport has raised the standard of living. 4. By moving fuel, raw materials, and even power, as, for example, through electric cables, transport has led to the establishment of industries and trade in areas whe
22、re they would have been impossible before. Districts and countries can concentrate on making things which they can do better and more cheaply than others and can then exchange them with one another. The cheaper and quicker transport becomes, the longer the distance over which goods can profitably be
23、 carried. Countries with poor transport have a lower standard of living. 5. Commerce requires not only the moving of goods and people but also the carrying of messages and information. Means of communication, like telephones, cables and radio, send information about prices, supplies, and changing co
24、nditions in different parts of the world. In this way, advanced communication systems also help to develop trade. A. Higher Living Standard B. Importance of Transport in Trade C. Various Means of Transport D. Birth of Transport-related Industries and Trade E. Role of Information in Trade F. public T
25、ransportation（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).A. to send goods to various parts of the world B. at any time during the year C. has greatly promoted trade D. is it possible to produce on a larg
26、e scale E. the transport of goodsF. it is possible to produce on a large scaleThe development of modern means of transport_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Only when goods can be carried to all parts of the world quickly_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Transport has made it possible for people to eat whatever food they wa
27、nt_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).In the trade of modern society the transmission of information plays as important a role as_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Is the Tie a Necessity?Ties, or neckties, have been a symbol of politeness and elegance in Britain for centuries. But
28、the casual Prime Minister Tony, Blair has problems with them. Reports suggest that even the civil servants may stop wearing ties. So, are the famously formal British really going to abandon the neckties?Maybe. Last week, the UKs Cabinet Secretary Andrew Turnbull openly welcomed a tieless era. He hin
29、ted that civil servants would soon be free of the costliest 12 inches of fabric that most men ever buy in their lives.In fact, Blair showed this attitude when he had his first guests to a cocktail party. Many of them were celebrities (知名人士) without ties, which would have been unimaginable even in th
30、e recent past.For some more conservative British, the tie is a must for proper appearance. Earlier, Labor leader Jim Callaghan said he would have died rather than have his children seen in public without a tie. For people like Callaghan, the tie was a sign of being complete, of showing respect. Men
31、were supposed to wear a tie when going to church, to work in the office, to a party - almost every social occasion.But today, people have begun to accept a casual style even for formal occasions.The origin of the tie is tricky. It started as something called simply a “band“. The term could mean anyt
32、hing around a mans neck. It appeared in finer ways in the 1630s. Frenchmen showed a love of this particular fashion statement. Their neckwear (颈饰) impressed Charles II, the king of England who was exiled (流放) to France at that time. When he returned to England in 1660, he brought this new fashion it
33、em along with him.It wasnt, however, until the late 18th century that fancy young men introduced a more colorful, flowing piece of cloth that eventually became known as the tie. Then, clubs, military institutions and schools began to use colored and patterned ties to indicate the wearers membership
34、in the late 19th century. After that, the tie became a necessary item of clothing for British gentlemen.But now, even gentlemen are getting tired of ties. Anyway, the day feels a bit easier when you wake up without having to decide which tie suits you and your mood.（分数：15.00）(1).The tie symbolizes a
35、ll of the following exceptA. respect.B. elegance.C. politeness.D. democracy.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Why does Blair sometimes show up in a formal event without a tie?A. Because he wants to make a show.B. Because he wants to attract attention.C. Because ties are costly.D. Because he wants to live in a ca
36、sual way.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following is NOT a social occasion?A. Going to church.B. Going to work in the office.C. Staying at home.D. Going to a party.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Who brought the Frenchmens neckwear to Britain?A. Tony Blair.B. Charles II.C. Jim Callaghan.D. Andrew Turnbull.（
37、分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).When did British gentlemen begin to wear ties regularly?A. After the late 19th century.B. In the 1630s.C. In 1660.D. In the late 18th century.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Dont Count on Dung (粪)Conservationists (自然保护主义者) may be miscalculating the numbers of the threatened
38、 animals such as elephants, say African and American researchers. The error occurs because of a flaw in the way they estimate animal numbers from the piles of dung the creatures leave behind.The mistake could lead researchers to think that there are twice as many elephants as there really are in som
39、e regions according to Andrew Plumptre of the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) in New York.Biologist Katy Payne of Comell University in Ithaca, New York, agrees, “We really need to know elephant numbers and the evidence that we have is quite indirect, “ says Payne, who electronically tracks eleph
40、ants.Counting elephants from planes is impossible in the vast rainforests of Central Africa. So researchers often estimate elephant numbers by counting dung piles in a given area. They also need to know the rate at which dung decays because its extremely difficult to determine these rates. However,
41、researchers counting elephants in one region tend to rely on standard decay rates established elsewhere.But researchers at the WCS have found that this decay rate varies from region to region depending on the climate and environment. Using the wrong values can lead the census astray (离开正道), says Plu
42、mptre.He and his colleague Anthony Chifu Nchanji studied decaying elephant dung in the forests of Cameroon. They found that the dung decayed between 55 and 65 per cent more slowly than the dung in the rainforests of neighboring Gabon. If researchers use decay rates from Gabon to count elephants in C
43、ameroon, they would probably find more elephants than are actually around. This could mean estimates in Cameroon are at least twice as high as those derived from decay rates calculated locally, Plumptre says, “However accurate your dung density estimate might be, the decay rate can severely affect t
44、he result“.Plumptre also says that the dung-pile census should be carried out over a region similar in size to an elephants natural range. The usual technique of monitoring only small, protected areas distorts numbers because elephants move in and out of these regions, he says, “If the elephant popu
45、lation increases within the protected area, you can not determine whether. It is a real increase or whether it is due to elephants moving in because they are being poached (入侵偷猎) outside.“Plumptre says that similar problems may also affect other animal census studies that rely on indirect evidence s
46、uch as nests, tracks or burrows (地洞).（分数：15.00）(1).The word “threatened“ in the first sentence of the first paragraph could be best replaced by _.A. “endangered“B. “frightened“C. “killed“D. “angered/（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Why do researchers estimate elephant numbers in an area by counting dung piles?A
47、. Because elephants are difficult to catch.B. Because it is not possible to count elephants from a plane.C. Because it is not possible to keep track of elephants.D. Because elephants are shy animals.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Piles of dung cant be relied upon when it comes to estimating elephant numbers b
48、ecause _.A. they are different in size.B. they scatter an over the region.C. they are different in decay rate.D. they are different in quality.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to Plumptre, the region over which a dung-pile census is carried out should be _A. small enoughB. well protectedC. carefully m
49、onitoredD. large enough（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The first word “He“ in paragraph 6 refers to _.A. Andrew Plumptre.B. Katy Payne.C. Anthony Chifu Nchanji.D. the writer of the article.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Egypt felled by FamineEven ancient Egypts mighty pyramid builders were powerless in the face of the famine that helped bring down their civilization around 2180
