1、专业八级-199 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LISTENING COMPREHENS(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A MINI-LECTU(总题数：1，分数：60.00)Ethics in Companies. The importance of ethics A. 1 enables companies to exploit the economic advantages, whereas 2 are more careful about ethically related products. B. Companies need to ma
2、ke 3 responses and realign 4 accordingly. . The skills of 5 1) awareness: implement an official code of ethical practice, ensure all employees“ access and 6 of it and report any breaches effectively and 7 2) benchmark ethical practice against those of industry leaders and see the outcome 3) senior m
3、anagers set a good example, “ 8 “ 4) put ethics high on the training and staff development agenda . Making companies turn to ethics for 9 A. a coherent ethics policy of a company 10 to its rivals B. the legal 11 of their disciplinary measures and the effect of any new procedures on employees C. iden
4、tified 12 , dictate how employees approach conflicts and other 13 not covered by the normal terms and conditions of employment D. particularly critical ethical procedures in times of crisis e.g., 14 , sexual harassment charges or cases of fraud E. the major obstacle: each individual member of staff
5、follows the 15 （分数：60.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B INTERVIEW(总题数：2，分数：40.00)（分数：20.00）A.Bitter and horrible.B.Sweet and pleasant.C.Bitter and sweet.D.Interesting and exciting.A.Because their work load is heavy
6、.B.Because they have resisted growing up.C.Because they have many children.D.Because they are financially insecure.A.Less acute vision.B.Sapped strength.C.Poorer memory.D.Less hair.A.Deaths of some diseases dropped greatly.B.40-year-olds have less likelihood to have high blood pressure.C.40-year-old
7、s are much healthier than their parents were at the same age.D.They have more time to do age-defying exercise.A.Smoking.B.Drinking.C.Depression.D.Medication.（分数：20.00）A.Steadiness and discipline.B.Regular exercise.C.Focusing on the task at hand.D.A, B and C.A.Big pressure of careers.B.Their parents
8、are aging.C.They want to remarry and blend family.D.They suffer from Alzheimer“s.A.They are the main income of the family.B.They have to work longer hours.C.They have to spend more time in housework since women work longer hours.D.Because they want to have time on hobbies, visiting and eating.A.Conf
9、ident.B.Diffident.C.Negative.D.Positive.A.Because they have to take life easy.B.They face the challenges from job market because they learn new skills more slowly than youngsters.C.They have problems concerning health and families.D.They are less experienced than younger workers.专业八级-199 答案解析(总分：100
10、.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LISTENING COMPREHENS(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A MINI-LECTU(总题数：1，分数：60.00)Ethics in Companies. The importance of ethics A. 1 enables companies to exploit the economic advantages, whereas 2 are more careful about ethically related products. B. Companies need to make 3 responses and re
11、align 4 accordingly. . The skills of 5 1) awareness: implement an official code of ethical practice, ensure all employees“ access and 6 of it and report any breaches effectively and 7 2) benchmark ethical practice against those of industry leaders and see the outcome 3) senior managers set a good ex
12、ample, “ 8 “ 4) put ethics high on the training and staff development agenda . Making companies turn to ethics for 9 A. a coherent ethics policy of a company 10 to its rivals B. the legal 11 of their disciplinary measures and the effect of any new procedures on employees C. identified 12 , dictate h
13、ow employees approach conflicts and other 13 not covered by the normal terms and conditions of employment D. particularly critical ethical procedures in times of crisis e.g., 14 , sexual harassment charges or cases of fraud E. the major obstacle: each individual member of staff follows the 15 （分数：60
14、.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Globalization）解析： Globalization 听力原文 Ethics in CompaniesIn today“s lecture, the key issue we are going to discuss is ethics in companies. I“d like to talk about, in the first place, the importance of ethics in today“s business world. Well, in the old days measuring company performa
15、nce was simply a case of looking at turnover, profits and dividends. However, the last few years have seen environmental and ethical issues move to be the forefront of public concern and resulted in a closer scrutiny of a company“s performance of ethics. Today globalization is allowing companies to
16、source from even greater distances. This enables a company to exploit the economic advantages of low labour costs in one country and high market value in another. Of course, they have to be careful not to be seen to be exploiting the workers. Consumers are becoming even more sensitive to the exploit
17、ation stories and indeed environmental issues. This is because as consumers become richer and become used to spending more on a product, they also feel that they should be spending ethically. This is backed up by media stories and press items, and exploitation stories receive very good press. And of
18、 course, they can cause great damage. As the government has been slow to respond to the increasing importance of ethics, companies have been forced to address the subject themselves and realign their own management policies accordingly. These policies will determine how a company conducts all aspect
19、s of its business, from dealing with clients to reporting to shareholders. Then, I shall provide you a know-how pack of how to perform ethically. Figures show that more and more companies are now reporting their ethical performance and it“s clear I think that companies now have to address the issue
20、of ensuring ethical behaviour amongst their staff. To begin with, awareness is the key. The company needs to set out an official code of ethical practice and ensure that all employees have access to it and can understand it easily. The company then needs to implement an effective and anonymous syste
21、m of reporting any breaches of this code. Once these procedures are in place, the company can then benchmark its ethical practice against those of industry leaders and see how it“s doing. I think it“s also vital that companies ensure that their senior managers set a good example, “walk the talk“, so
22、 to speak. If they don“t behave ethically why should staff do? And finally, the company needs to put ethics high on the training and staff development agenda. It needs to make staff understand why ethics is important not just to the company but also to them as well. Now, I will move on to discuss th
23、e main issue of making companies turn to ethics for competitive advantage. By setting themselves up as ethical, however, companies are not so much promoting the importance of ethical conduct, the well-being of the local community or the development of society as a whole, as engaging in a powerful ma
24、rketing to attract both discerning clients and bright young recruits. In today“s markets, any company without a coherent ethics policy is in danger of surrendering a competitive advantage to its rivals. In order to develop an ethical code of conduct, companies will have to deal with issues such as t
25、he legal implications of their disciplinary measures and the effect any new procedures will have on employees. However, new policies can only be developed once the company has identified the core values that underpin its day to day operations. Without a clear understanding of these values, it is imp
26、ossible to develop a code of conduct compatible with the company“s culture. An effective code will dictate how employees approach conflicts and other stressful dilemmas not covered by the normal terms and conditions of employment. It will provide employees with a clear understanding of what behaviou
27、r is expected when they find themselves confronted with such dilemmas. Ethical procedures are particularly critical in times of crisis. Pay disputes, sexual harassment charges or cases of fraud, for example, can involve very complex issues that require careful decision-making and can have a very neg
28、ative effect on staff morale. At such times it is crucial that companies act in an ethical manner. By doing so, they may not be able to avoid the potentially damaging publicity such cases inevitably attract; they will, however, be in a much stronger position to defend themselves in a court of law. T
29、he major obstacle which companies face, having established a code of conduct, is that of ensuring that each individual member of staff follows it. Some organizations simply distribute leaflets to all staff in the hope that they will read and act on them. Other companies take a more active approach a
30、nd invite management gurus to hold seminars on the subject, which, while often highly entertaining, have little long-term impact. Although some companies now include ethics as part of their standard induction programme, it is widely accepted that this is not enough. The issue of ethics in the workpl
31、ace is now of such importance that it needs to be incorporated into in-company development programmes for all employees, from the shop floor to the boardroom. With little sign of public concern abating, no organization can afford to ignore the subject of ethics in the workplace. In order to address
32、the issue effectively, companies need to ensure that staff at all levels feel committed to the company and its values are motivated to transfer this commitment into ethical behaviour. Today, I have addressed three issues regarding ethics in company. The first is the importance of ethics in today“s w
33、orld. The second is how to perform ethically in the companies. The last is the key issue, which concerns about the advantages of making companies more ethical in the fierce business competition. That“s all for today. 解析 推断题。讲座中说道：Today, globalization is allowing companies to source from ever greater
34、 distances. This enables a company to exploit the economic advantages of low labour costs in one country and high market value in another. this指代的是上一句的 globalization，所以由此推断，答案是 Globalization。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：(the)consumers）解析： (the)consumers解析 细节题。根据讲座原话“Consumers are becoming even more sensitive to t
35、he exploitation stories and indeed environmental issues. ”可知消费者对产品伦理越来越关注。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：positive/constructive/affirmative）解析： positive/constructive/affirmative解析 归总题。讲座中提到：As the government has been slow to respond to the increasing importance of ethics, companies have been forced to address the su
36、bject themselves.此信息表明因为政府做出的反应比较缓慢，所以迫使公司推出相应的强有力的政策。从这一段可以总结出，公司应该起一定的推动作用。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：(their)management policies）解析： (their)management policies解析 细节题。根据讲座原文“companies have been forced to address the subject themselves and realign their own management policies accordingly”可以得出答案为 management pol
37、icies。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：ethical performance）解析： ethical performance解析 要点题。讲座中说道：I shall provide you a knowhow pack of how to perform ethically. 空格要求填入一个名词性词组，所以将动词词组 perform ethically转换成名词性词组 ethical performance。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：easy comprehensio）解析： easy comprehension解析 推断题。讲座中说：The company needs to set
38、 out an official code of ethical practice and ensure that all employees have access to it and can understand it easily. 根据题意，需要推断的是 can understand it easily。在填空里，需要的是概括性的词组，所以填入 easy comprehension. 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：anonymously）解析： anonymously解析 推断题。讲座中说道：The company then needs to implement an effective
39、 and anonymous system of reporting any breaches of this code. 填空里需要填入副词，所以把 anonymous改为 anonymously。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：walk the talk）解析： walk the talk解析 细节题。讲座中说道：I think it“s also vital that companies ensure that their senior managers set a good example, “walk the talk“, so to speak. 在中文里 walk the talk
40、是身体力行的意思，记笔记的时候要记下这个词组。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：competitive advantage）解析： competitive advantage解析 要点题。根据讲座相关要点“I will move on to discuss the main issue of making companies turn to ethics for competitive advantage”可以得出答案。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：ensures its competiveness）解析： ensures its competiveness 解析 归总题。讲座中说：any com
41、pany without a coherent ethics policy is in danger of surrendering a competitive advantage to its rivals(没有一个连贯的道德准则的公司就会缺乏竞争优势)。填空部分是：a coherent ethics policy of a company (10) to its rivals，这两句话的表达形式相反，表达的却同一个意思。所以答案必须含有“保证竞争力”的意思，因此答案可以是 ensures its competiveness或是其他意思相近的词组。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：implica
42、tions）解析： implications解析 细节题。讲座中提到：companies will have to deal with issues such as the legal implications of their disciplinary measures and the effect any new procedures will have on employees，和填空题的内容相符。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：(the) core values）解析： (the) core values解析 归总题。根据讲座相关内容“.new policies can only be
43、developed once the company has identified the core values that underpin its day to day operations. ”可知公司的核心价值观决定公司的日常运营模式。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：stressful dilemmas）解析： stressful dilemmas解析 细节题。讲座提到：.will dictate how employees approach conflicts and other stressful dilemmas not covered by the normal terms an
44、d conditions of employment. 由此可知答案为 stressful dilemmas。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：pay disputes）解析： pay disputes解析 细节题。讲座中明确提到：Ethical procedures are particularly critical in times of crisis. Pay disputes，sexual harassment charges or cases of fraud.可知答案是 pay disputes。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：code of conduct）解析： code of co
45、nduct解析 推断题。讲座中指出：The major obstacle which companies face, having established a code of conduct, is that of ensuring that each individual member of staff follows it. 可以推断 it所指代的就是 the code of conduct。 三、SECTION B INTERVIEW(总题数：2，分数：40.00)（分数：20.00）A.Bitter and horrible.B.Sweet and pleasant.C.Bitter
46、and sweet. D.Interesting and exciting.解析：听力原文 I: Good evening, everybody. In this show, we are glad to have Alice Johnson to discuss with us her understanding of people in the 40s. Their worries and concerns. Well, Alice. A: Good evening. Nice to meet you. I: It is reported that this year, 4.7 milli
47、on Americansmore than ever before and more than in the foreseeable futurewill “celebrate“ their 40th birthday. How do you view this phenomenon? A: It will certainly have wonderful implications for Americans of all ages. It will help create a stronger economy, and a more stable society. I: Really? Th
48、en how about people in the 40th themselves? A: Their life, I am afraid, is bittersweet. On the one hand, they are healthier, better educated, and have more opportunities than previous middle-agers. But they are also more financially insecure than their parents or older siblings were at this age. They have resisted growing up more than any previo
