1、专业八级-290 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：4，分数：20.00)B Dangers of Using Computer Terminals/BUndoubtedly, the computer has greatly increased human beings working capacity and intellectual capacity, but it also poses dangers to its users.The problems caused by the use of computers:a.
2、 more frequent incidence of abnormity during (1) _ (1) _b. increased stress and (2) _to vision, worsening short, sight (2) _and an itching of the face. To solve this problem, one should take a rest fromtime to time and place computers at a location where there is (3) _ (3) _light and something else
3、to look at.c. constipation resulting from long periods of sedentary (4) _ (4) _d. (5) _due to crouching over an inconveniently positioned (5) _keyboard.e. a sense of (6) _owing to having puzzled over a problem too (6) _long. Precautions computer users are advised to take:Firstly, to make sure that t
4、here is an alternative source of light from thatof the (7) _itself. (7) _Secondly, to rest their eyes frequently.In addition, to make sure the screen is properly (8) _ (8) _Finally, to make sure that you are sitting in a comfortable position, toget up (9) _and go out into the fresh air occasionally.
5、 Sitting still for (9) _hours is likely to cause thrombosis and (10) _ (10) _（分数：10.00）(1).（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_BSECTION B/BI Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each
6、of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview./I（分数：5.00）(1).According to Allan, who will look after the interest of foreign students at universities?（分数：1.00）A.The Welfare Office of the Student Union.B.A counselor for Overseas students.C.Overseas students societies and organizations.D
7、.Local education authorities.(2).One must register with the police within seven days of arrival in Britain _.（分数：1.00）A.if he is from the European CommunityB.if he is from the CommonwealthC.if he intends to stay in UK for more than six monthsD.if he plans to travel in UK for one week(3).When one is
8、to register with the police, he has to take the following EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.25 poundsB.passportC.two passport-sized photographsD.the form Owl(4).Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?（分数：1.00）A.Non-resident students are not entitled to work,B.One will be prosecuted if he work
9、s without permission.C.Working without permission is regarded as a criminal offence in Britain.D.Overseas students have to fill out the OWl if they want to get permission to work.(5).To search for work experience or practical learning, one must get _.（分数：1.00）A.forms OW1 and OW5B.forms OW21 and 0W22
10、C.forms OW1 and OW21D.forms OW5 and OW22BSECTION C/BIQuestions 6 to 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each question.Now listen to the news./I（分数：3.00）(1).Which country was accepted as a member of the European Union on Saturday?（分数：
11、1.00）A.Turkey.B.The southern part of Cyprus.C.The northern part of Cyprus.D.The whole country of Cyprus.(2).When did the country officially enter the European Union?（分数：1.00）A.On May 1.B.On October 1.C.On May 4.D.On January 1.(3).Whats the former Cypriot Presidents attitude towards Cyprus entry into
12、 the European Union?（分数：1.00）A.Optimistic.B.Pessimistic.C.Critical.D.Suspicious.I Questions 9 to 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each question.Now listen to the news./I（分数：2.00）(1).During his talk with King Abdullah, President B
13、ush _.（分数：1.00）A.denied that U. S. soldiers were to blame for their abuse of prisoners in IraqB.refused to admit that it was an error to launch the war on IraqC.made an apology for American soldiers abuse of prisoners in IraqD.required Jordan to give help in fighting against terrorism(2).According t
14、o the news report, President Bush was sorry for the following EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.the abuse of Iraqi prisonersB.the Iraqi prisoners humiliationC.that many people didnt understand AmericaD.that those responsible for the abuse were not brought to justice二、BPART READING (总题数：9，分数：20.00)BTEXT A/BLong be
15、fore “crossover“ and “eclectic“ became part of the journalistic vernacular, Dinah Washington defied categorization and embraced any and every type of song. Her delivery was instantly identifiable, and she prided herself on crystal-clear diction, precise pitch and spontaneity. Washington made brillia
16、nt recordings, beginning with her days as a pianist accompanying gospel pioneer Sallie Martin, through swing and R now it has little. Unexpected supply interruptions (sabotage in Iraq, civil war in Nigeria) boost prices.Verleger says prices could go to 60 next year or even 80 if adverse supply condi
17、tions persist. No one really knows. Analyst Adam Sieminski of Deutsche Bank thinks prices may retreat to the low 30s in 2005. A slowing Chinese economy could weaken demand. But the uncertainties cannot obscure two stubborn realities. First, world oil production cant rise forever; dwindling reserves
18、will someday cause declines. And, second, barring miraculous discoveries, more will come from unstable regionsespecially the Middle East.We need to face these realities; neither George Bush nor John Kerry does. Their energy plans are rival fantasies. Kerry pledges to make us “independent“ of Middle
19、East oil, mainly through conservation and an emphasis on “renewable“ fuels (biomass, solar, wind). Richard Nixon was the first president to promise energy “independence“. It couldnt happen then and cant now. The United States imports about 60 percent of its oil. A fifth of imports come from the Pers
20、ian Gulf. Even if we eliminated Persian Gulf imports, wed still be vulnerable. Oil scarcities and prices are transmitted worldwide. The global economyon which we dependremains hugely in need of Persian Gulf oil.Bushes pitch is that we can produce our way out of trouble. No such luck. Drilling in the
21、 Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, with possible reserves of 10 billion barrels, might provide 1 million barrels a day, or 5 percent of present U.S. demand. Fine. But the practical effect would be to offset some drop in production elsewhere. American oil output peaked in 1970; its down 34 percent sin
22、ce then.A groundbreaking study from the consulting company PFC Energy illuminates our predicament. The world now uses 82 million barrels of oil a day; thats 30 billion barrels a year. To estimate future production, the study examined historical production and discovery patterns in all the worlds oil
23、 fields. The conclusion: The world already uses about 12 billion more barrels a year than it finds. “In almost every mature oil basin, the world has been producing more than its finding for close to 20 years,“ says PFCs Mike Rodgers. That cant continue indefinitely.The study is no doomsday exercise.
24、 Rodgers says that future discovery and recovery rates could be betteror worse than assumed. With present rates, he expects global oil supply to peak before 2020 at about 100 million barrels a day. Whatever happens, the world will probably depend more on two shaky regions., the Persian Gulf and the
25、former Soviet Union. The Gulf now supplies a quarter of the worlds oil; PFC projects that to rise to a third in a decade.Although the future is hazy, what we ought to do isnt. We need to dampen oil use, expand production and if oil prices recedesignificantly increase the Strategic Petroleum Reserve.
26、 These steps cant end our vulnerability to global price surges or the effects of a catastrophic loss of oil supplies from, say, war or terrorism. But they can reduce it. Most important, Americans should curb gasoline use. The Energy Information Administration reports the following: Gasoline represen
27、ts about 45 percent of U. S. oil demand; since 1991 the explosion of SUVs and light trucks has meant no gains in average fuel mileage efficiency; and over the same period, typical drivers travel almost 1,000 miles more annually.We should be promoting fuel-efficient vehicles, particularly “hybrids“.
28、Combining gasoline and electric power, they get 20 percent to 40 percent better mileage than conventional vehicles, says David Greene of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. They also cost from 3,000 to 4,000 more than conventional cars, he says, mainly because they have two power sources. But Greene
29、plausibly asserts that if production expanded, the cost gap would shrink. The way to expand demand would be to adopt a gasoline tax of 1 to 2 a gallon. Americans would know that fuel prices would stay high. Theyd have reason to economize.Of course, a fuel tax is a political showstopper. It isnt in B
30、ushs or Kerrys plan. They promote hydrogen-powered cars. These sound great butgiven the technical obstacles wont become widespread for many years, if ever. This captures our choice: taking modestly unpleasant preventive steps; or running greater future risks by clinging to our fantasies. History fav
31、ors our fantasies._BTEXT D/BThe recent surge in oil prices to roughly 55 a barrel teaches some useful lessons. One is that surprises happen. A year ago futures contracts predicted todays price would be 25. A second is that the economy has grown less vulnerable to oil “shocks“. Compared with 1973, we
32、 now use almost 50 percent less energy for each dollar of output. New industries (software, theme parks) need less than the old (steel, chemicals). But the largest lesson is depressingly familiar. Americans wont think realistically about oil. We consider cheap fuel a birthright, and when we dont get
33、 it, we whinerather than ask why or what we should do.If prices rise, we blame a conspiracy of greedy oil companies, OPEC or someone. The reality is usually messier. Energy economist Philip Verleger Jr. attributes the present price run-up to massive miscalculation. Oil companies and OPEC underestima
34、ted global demand, particularly from China. Since 2001 Chinas oil use has jumped 36 percent. This error led OPEC and companies to underinvest in new production capacity, he says. In 2002 the world had 5 million barrels a day of surplus production capacity; now it has little. Unexpected supply interr
35、uptions (sabotage in Iraq, civil war in Nigeria) boost prices.Verleger says prices could go to 60 next year or even 80 if adverse supply conditions persist. No one really knows. Analyst Adam Sieminski of Deutsche Bank thinks prices may retreat to the low 30s in 2005. A slowing Chinese economy could
36、weaken demand. But the uncertainties cannot obscure two stubborn realities. First, world oil production cant rise forever; dwindling reserves will someday cause declines. And, second, barring miraculous discoveries, more will come from unstable regionsespecially the Middle East.We need to face these
37、 realities; neither George Bush nor John Kerry does. Their energy plans are rival fantasies. Kerry pledges to make us “independent“ of Middle East oil, mainly through conservation and an emphasis on “renewable“ fuels (biomass, solar, wind). Richard Nixon was the first president to promise energy “in
38、dependence“. It couldnt happen then and cant now. The United States imports about 60 percent of its oil. A fifth of imports come from the Persian Gulf. Even if we eliminated Persian Gulf imports, wed still be vulnerable. Oil scarcities and prices are transmitted worldwide. The global economyon which
39、 we dependremains hugely in need of Persian Gulf oil.Bushes pitch is that we can produce our way out of trouble. No such luck. Drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, with possible reserves of 10 billion barrels, might provide 1 million barrels a day, or 5 percent of present U.S. demand. Fi
40、ne. But the practical effect would be to offset some drop in production elsewhere. American oil output peaked in 1970; its down 34 percent since then.A groundbreaking study from the consulting company PFC Energy illuminates our predicament. The world now uses 82 million barrels of oil a day; thats 3
41、0 billion barrels a year. To estimate future production, the study examined historical production and discovery patterns in all the worlds oil fields. The conclusion: The world already uses about 12 billion more barrels a year than it finds. “In almost every mature oil basin, the world has been prod
42、ucing more than its finding for close to 20 years,“ says PFCs Mike Rodgers. That cant continue indefinitely.The study is no doomsday exercise. Rodgers says that future discovery and recovery rates could be betteror worse than assumed. With present rates, he expects global oil supply to peak before 2
43、020 at about 100 million barrels a day. Whatever happens, the world will probably depend more on two shaky regions., the Persian Gulf and the former Soviet Union. The Gulf now supplies a quarter of the worlds oil; PFC projects that to rise to a third in a decade.Although the future is hazy, what we
44、ought to do isnt. We need to dampen oil use, expand production and if oil prices recedesignificantly increase the Strategic Petroleum Reserve. These steps cant end our vulnerability to global price surges or the effects of a catastrophic loss of oil supplies from, say, war or terrorism. But they can
45、 reduce it. Most important, Americans should curb gasoline use. The Energy Information Administration reports the following: Gasoline represents about 45 percent of U. S. oil demand; since 1991 the explosion of SUVs and light trucks has meant no gains in average fuel mileage efficiency; and over the
46、 same period, typical drivers travel almost 1,000 miles more annually.We should be promoting fuel-efficient vehicles, particularly “hybrids“. Combining gasoline and electric power, they get 20 percent to 40 percent better mileage than conventional vehicles, says David Greene of the Oak Ridge Nationa
47、l Laboratory. They also cost from 3,000 to 4,000 more than conventional cars, he says, mainly because they have two power sources. But Greene plausibly asserts that if production expanded, the cost gap would shrink. The way to expand demand would be to adopt a gasoline tax of 1 to 2 a gallon. Americ
48、ans would know that fuel prices would stay high. Theyd have reason to economize.Of course, a fuel tax is a political showstopper. It isnt in Bushs or Kerrys plan. They promote hydrogen-powered cars. These sound great butgiven the technical obstacles wont become widespread for many years, if ever. This captures our choice: taking modestly unpleasant preven
