1、专业八级翻译-练习八及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、SECTION A CHINESE TO(总题数：5，分数：50.00)1.传道者感叹到：“著书立说没有止境”，却没发觉他已高度评价了作家这一职业。 的确，写作、旅行、积聚财富都是没有终结的。一个问题引发另外一个问题。我们不断学习，且永远达不到心中所渴望的那般学识渊博。我们永远雕刻不出自己心仪的塑像。当发现一个新大陆，或翻过一座山脉时，我们总会看到远方还有未曾涉足的海洋与陆地。宇宙浩渺，总会有供我们勤奋努力的东西，总会有供我们探索的空间。它不像卡莱尔的著作，可以读完。即使在其一角，在一个私人花园，或一个农庄附近，四季
2、轮回，天气瞬息万变，哪怕在那里生活了一辈子，也总会有让我们惊喜的事情。（分数：10.00）_2.讲英语的人听到别人赞扬，一般说“谢谢”，表示接受，说明自己认为对方的赞扬是诚心诚意的，所赞扬的事是值得赞扬的。因此不应“假装自卑”或“故作谦虚”。但是，对于中国人来说，听到别人赞扬时，通常要表示受之有愧，做得很不够；或者说自己的成就不过是由于侥幸，或者说是客观条件造成的，等等，而接受赞扬则意味着有骄傲自满情绪或“缺乏教养”。因此，上述两种回答引起不同反应是由于双方语言习惯不同。他们都根据各自的风俗去理解别人所说的话。（分数：10.00）_3.“孔子曰：三人行，则必有我师。是故弟子不必不如师，师不必贤
3、于弟子。闻道有先后，术业有专攻，如是而已。”韩愈的原意，是因为自己接受了门徒，为抵制当时舆论的非议，所以写这篇文章自解。他的意思是说，自己虽然是作了先生，并不一定样样贤于弟子，从他学的人也不一定不如他，人们不必因此而大惊小怪。本来，只要是一个人闻道在先，不管他是什么人，都可以拜他为师。要学习的是知识，用不着问他“生乎我前”或“生乎吾后”；也用不着要求老师精通百般武艺，只要他有一门是比自己好的，就应该认他为师，向他学习。这是讲给求学的人听的。但也可以反过来讲给“传道授业解惑”的老师们听。（分数：10.00）_4.南京，她自新中国建立以来发生的巨大而深刻的变化更加令人欢欣鼓舞。“虎踞龙盘今胜昔，天
4、翻地覆慨而慷。”从 1949 年 471 23 日始，人民真正成为这座古老城市的主人。金陵回春，古城新生，昔日饱尝的屈辱和灾难，至此如同梦魔终被摆脱。人民在自己的土地上辛勤劳作，把古城南京妆扮得面貌一新。特别是近十几年来，改革开放又给这座美丽的名城注入了新的活力，崭新的工业、通达的运输、如画的城市建设、兴盛的第三产业、多彩的文化生活，都使这个具有古都特色的现代都市焕发出勃勃英姿。（分数：10.00）_5.参与并取胜，这就是奥林匹克精神。它表现于弱者敢于向强者挑战，也表现于强者力争取得更好的成绩。胜而又胜，优而更优，这种理想一直鼓舞着运动员奋力前进。他会尽其所能，永不松懈，永不罢休。有人说竞技者
5、终究会是失败者，即使是最佳运动员也终将被更强者淘汰。成千上万个失败者才涌现一个胜利者，这个胜利者最终仍将被取代，挤出光荣榜这就是竞技运动的规律。然而运动员却从不为这种不可避免的失败结局所沮丧，仍然力争最佳发挥。实在到了自知技穷之时，他会愉快地退下来，让位给年轻的优胜者，并对自己在奥林匹克运动中争取更好成绩尽了一份力而心满意足。他会自豪地说他的青春没有虚度。（分数：10.00）_二、SECTION B ENGLISH TO(总题数：5，分数：50.00)6.And with this prize that I have received as a Prize of Peace, I am goi
6、ng to try to make the home for many people who have no home, Because I believe that love begins at home and if we can create a home for the poor I think that more and more love will spread. And we will be able through this understanding love to bring peace, be the good news to the poor. The poor in
7、our own family first, in our country and in the world. To be able to do this, our Sisters, our lives have to be woven with prayer. They have to be woven with Christ to be able to understand, to be able to share. Because today there is so much suffering. When I pick up a person from the street, hungr
8、y, I give him a plate of rice, a piece of bread, I have satisfied. I have removed that hunger. But a person that is shut out, that feels unwanted, unloved, terrified, the person that has been thrown out from societythat poverty is so hurtful and so much. And so let us always meet each other with a s
9、mile, for the smile is the beginning of love, and once we begin to love each other naturally we want to do something.（分数：10.00）_7.For in London the critics are reinforced by a considerable body of people who go to the theatre as many others go to church, to display their best clothes and compare the
10、m with other peoples; to be in the fashion, and have something to talk about at dinner parties; to adore a pet performer; or to pass away the evening away from home. In short, they go for any or every reason other than an interest in dramatic art as such. In fashionable centers the number of irrelig
11、ious people who go to church, of unmusical people who go to concerts and operas, and of undramatic people who go to the theatre, is so prodigious that sermons have been cut down to ten minutes and plays to two hours; and, even with these changes, congregations sit longing for the benediction and aud
12、iences for the final curtain, so that they may get away to the lunch or supper they really crave for, and their arriving at the churches, concerts, operas, and theatres later than the hour of beginning can possibly be made for them.（分数：10.00）_8.Thus far, our holiday has been simply a friendly sign o
13、f the survival of the love of letters amongst a people too busy to give to letters any more. As such it is precious as the sign of an indestructible instinct. Perhaps the time is already come when it ought to be, and will be, something else; when the sluggard intellect of this continent will look fr
14、om under its iron lids and fill the postponed expectation of the world with something better than the exertions of mechanical skill. Our day of dependence, our long apprenticeship to the learning of other lands draws to a close. The millions that around us are rushing into life cannot always be fed
15、on the mere remains of foreign harvests. Events, actions arise, that must be sung, that will sing themselves. Who can doubt that poetry will revive lead in a new age, as the star in the constellation Harp, which now flames in our zenith, astronomers announce, shall one day be the polestar for a thou
16、sand years?（分数：10.00）_9.Even if the word “pop“ disappears from the English vocabulary, the influence of pop will remain. Pop has become part of Britishand Americanhistory.There has always been a close cultural link, or tie, between Britain and English-speaking America, not only in literature but als
17、o in the popular arts, especially music. Before the Second World War the Americans exported jazz and the blues. During the 1950s they exported rock and roll, and star singers like Elvis Presley were idolized by young Britons and Americans alike.The people responsible for the pop revolution were four
18、 Liverpool boys who joined together in a group and called themselves the Beatles. They played in small clubs in the back streets of the city. Unlike the famous solo stars who had their songs written for them, the Beatles wrote their own words and music. They had a close personal relationship with th
19、eir audience, and they expected them to join in and dance to the “beat“ of the music.（分数：10.00）_10.My fellow Americans, you, too, must play your part in our renewal. I challenge a new generation of young Americans to a season of service, to act on your idealism, by helping troubled children, keeping
20、 company with those in need, reconnecting our torn communities. There is so much to be done. Enough, indeed, for millions of others who are still young in spirit, to give of themselves in service, too. In serving we recognize a simple, but powerful, truth: we need each other, and we must care for on
21、e another. Today we do more than celebrate America, we rededicate ourselves to the very idea of America, an idea born in revolution, and renewed through two centuries of challenge, an idea tempered by the knowledge that but for fate, we, the fortunate and the unfortunate, might have been each other;
22、 an idea ennobled by the faith that our nation can summon from its myriad diversity, the deepest measure of unity; an idea infused with the conviction that Americas long, heroic journey must go forever upward.（分数：10.00）_专业八级翻译-练习八答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、SECTION A CHINESE TO(总题数：5，分数：50.00)1.传道者感
23、叹到：“著书立说没有止境”，却没发觉他已高度评价了作家这一职业。 的确，写作、旅行、积聚财富都是没有终结的。一个问题引发另外一个问题。我们不断学习，且永远达不到心中所渴望的那般学识渊博。我们永远雕刻不出自己心仪的塑像。当发现一个新大陆，或翻过一座山脉时，我们总会看到远方还有未曾涉足的海洋与陆地。宇宙浩渺，总会有供我们勤奋努力的东西，总会有供我们探索的空间。它不像卡莱尔的著作，可以读完。即使在其一角，在一个私人花园，或一个农庄附近，四季轮回，天气瞬息万变，哪怕在那里生活了一辈子，也总会有让我们惊喜的事情。（分数：10.00）_正确答案：(There is no end, indeed, to m
24、aking books, to travelling, or to gathering wealth. Problem gives rise to problem. We may study for ever, and we are never as learned as we would. We have never made a statue worthy of our dreams. And when we have discovered a continent, or crossed a chain of mountains, it is only to find another oc
25、ean or another plain upon the further side. In the infinite universe there is room for our swiftest diligence and to explore. It is not like the works of Carlyle, which can be read to an end. Even in a comer, in a private park, or in the neighbourhood of a single hamlet, the weather and the seasons
26、keep so deftly changing that although we walk there for a lifetime there will be always something new to startle and delight us.)解析：难点注释1的确，写作、旅行、积聚财富都是没有终结的：译为 There is no end, indeed, to making books, to travelling, or to gathering wealth。此处将“没有终结”翻译成 There is no end，将“写作、旅行、积累财富”翻译成了不定式短语。2一个问题引发
27、另外一个问题：可直译为 Problem gives rise to problem.3学识渊博：用 learned 表达即可。4心仪的塑像：可译为 a statue worthy of our dreams。5未曾涉足的海洋与陆地：翻译成 another ocean or another plain upon the further side 即可。6宇宙浩渺：根据上下文，此处作状语，译成 in the infinite universe。7即使在其一角，在一个私人花园，或一个农庄附近，四季轮回，天气瞬息万变，哪怕在那里生活了一辈子，也总会有让我们惊喜的事情：句子较长，但结构清晰，可顺译为：E
28、ven in a comer, in a private park, or in the neighbourhood of a single hamlet, the weather and the seasons keep so deftly changing that although we walk there for a lifetime there will be always something new to startle and delight us.2.讲英语的人听到别人赞扬，一般说“谢谢”，表示接受，说明自己认为对方的赞扬是诚心诚意的，所赞扬的事是值得赞扬的。因此不应“假装自
29、卑”或“故作谦虚”。但是，对于中国人来说，听到别人赞扬时，通常要表示受之有愧，做得很不够；或者说自己的成就不过是由于侥幸，或者说是客观条件造成的，等等，而接受赞扬则意味着有骄傲自满情绪或“缺乏教养”。因此，上述两种回答引起不同反应是由于双方语言习惯不同。他们都根据各自的风俗去理解别人所说的话。（分数：10.00）_正确答案：(To English-speaking people, praise is to be accepted, generally with a remark like “Thank you.“ It is assumed that the compliment is sin
30、cere, that the praise is for some worthy achievement. Therefore, there should be no show of false humility, no pretended modesty. To Chinese, however, the customary reply to a compliment would be to claim that one is not worthy of the praise, that what one has done is hardly enough, or that success
31、was more a matter of luck or some other circumstances. Acceptance of a compliment would imply conceit and self-complacence or lack of manners. So, in the two cases above, the reason for such different reactions was caused by differences in customs of language. Each was interpreting what the other sa
32、id according to his or her own culture.)解析：难点注释1讲英语的人听到别人赞扬，一般说“谢谢”，表示接受，说明自己认为对方的赞扬是诚心诚意的。所赞扬的事是值得赞扬的：此句比较长，可断句译为两个独立的句子。第一部分“讲英语表示接受”的语义重心是“赞扬”，因此可转换语态，译为被动句 To English-speaking people，praise is to be accepted。一般说“谢谢”可转译为介词短语 generally with a remark like“Thank you.”在句中作状语。后一部分“说明自己是值得赞扬的”并没有具体说明施动
33、者，因此可译为 It is assumed that.is for some worthy achievement 的结构。2因此不应“假装自卑”或“故作谦虚”：句中动词词组“假装自卑”和“故作谦虚”可分别转译为名词词组 false humility 和 pretended modesty。3但是，对于中国人来说，听到别人赞扬时，通常要表示受之有愧，做得很不够；或者说自己的成就不过是由于侥幸，或者说是客观条件造成的，等等，而接受赞扬则意味着有骄傲自满情绪或“缺乏教养”：此句较长，是典型的流水句，且没有主语，因此需要增译出主语，“通常要缺乏教养”部分说的都是中国人听到赞扬时的习惯性回答，因此可增
34、译 the customary reply 作为主句的主语。4表示：可译为 claim，其后的“受之有愧客观条件造成的，等等”可译为 claim 的并列宾语从句，这些属于泛指的情况，故可用 one 作从句的主语。5受之有愧：译为 that one is not worthy of the praise。6做得很不够：可译为 that what one has done is hardly enough。7不过是由于侥幸：可译为 was more a matter of luck。8骄傲自满情绪：译为 conceit and self-complacence。9风俗：指“文化背景”，故译为 cu
35、lture 更贴切。3.“孔子曰：三人行，则必有我师。是故弟子不必不如师，师不必贤于弟子。闻道有先后，术业有专攻，如是而已。”韩愈的原意，是因为自己接受了门徒，为抵制当时舆论的非议，所以写这篇文章自解。他的意思是说，自己虽然是作了先生，并不一定样样贤于弟子，从他学的人也不一定不如他，人们不必因此而大惊小怪。本来，只要是一个人闻道在先，不管他是什么人，都可以拜他为师。要学习的是知识，用不着问他“生乎我前”或“生乎吾后”；也用不着要求老师精通百般武艺，只要他有一门是比自己好的，就应该认他为师，向他学习。这是讲给求学的人听的。但也可以反过来讲给“传道授业解惑”的老师们听。（分数：10.00）_正确答
36、案：(Han Yu wrote this essay to defend himself against the attack of his time on his having accepted some disciples. In his opinion, having some disciples was not something to be surprised at because, as a teacher, he was not necessarily better than his disciples in every way, nor his disciples always
37、 inferior to him. As a matter of fact, one who has learned the truth earlier than you, no matter who he is, should be acknowledged as a teacher. You need not ask whether he was born before or after you because what matters is the knowledge that he can impart to you. Nor should you presume him to be
38、omniscient. So long as he excels you in one respect, you should learn from him and call him your teacher.)解析：难点注释1韩愈的原意，是因为自己接受了门徒，为抵制当时舆论的非议，所以写这篇文章自解：此句在翻译时需要调整语序，以符合英语果在前因在后的句式特点。其中，“自解”指为自己辩解，可对应译为defend himself。“抵制非议”，可译为 against the attack of。2他的意思是说，自己虽然是作了先生，并不一定样样贤于弟子，从他学的人也不一定不如他，人们不必因此而大惊
39、小怪：此句是个典型的流水句，各分句间结构比较松散，该句的语义重心在于最后一个分句“人们不必因此而大惊小怪”，即 having some disciples was not something to be surprised at，其余的内容则在说明“不必大惊小怪”的原因，故第二句可译为含有原因状语从句的主从复合句。“大惊小怪”还可译为 make a fuss about。3他的意思是说：即他的观点，可灵活译为 in his opinion，“不一定不一定”可采用 not.nor的结构来翻译。“并不一定样样贤于弟子”指没有必要各个方面都比学生好，was not necessarily bette
40、r than his disciples in every way。4本来，只要是一个人闻道在先，不管他是什么人，都可以拜他为师：此句的语义重心在于“都可以拜他为师”，因此可译为主句，该句没有明确的施动者，因此可进行语态转换，译为 should be acknowledged as a teacher。“闻道在先”可译为定语从句 who has learned the truth earlier than you。“不管他是什么人”可译为条件状语从句 no matter who he is。“本来”在此指“事实上”，可译为 as a matter of fact 或 in fact。5要学习的
41、是知识，用不着问他“生乎我前”或“生乎吾后”：此部分可译为一个独立的句子，该部分前后为因果关系，需要调整语序并通过增加连接词表现出来：You need not ask whether he was born before or after you because what matters is the knowledge that he can impart to you.6也用不着要求老师精通百般武艺，只要他有一门是比自己好的，就应该认他为师，向他学习：该部分的三个分句还需要进行断句，因为第一个分句“也用不着要求老师精通百般武艺”与后面两个分句之间逻辑关系不是很密切。这个分句可用连词 nor
42、 引导，与前一句的否定助词 not 呼应。7精通百般武艺：可译为 omniscient。4.南京，她自新中国建立以来发生的巨大而深刻的变化更加令人欢欣鼓舞。“虎踞龙盘今胜昔，天翻地覆慨而慷。”从 1949 年 471 23 日始，人民真正成为这座古老城市的主人。金陵回春，古城新生，昔日饱尝的屈辱和灾难，至此如同梦魔终被摆脱。人民在自己的土地上辛勤劳作，把古城南京妆扮得面貌一新。特别是近十几年来，改革开放又给这座美丽的名城注入了新的活力，崭新的工业、通达的运输、如画的城市建设、兴盛的第三产业、多彩的文化生活，都使这个具有古都特色的现代都市焕发出勃勃英姿。（分数：10.00）_正确答案：(The
43、tremendous changes that have taken place in Nanjing since New China was founded are even more inspiring, just as the much quoted couplet from a poem written by the late Chairman Mao Zedong on the occasion of the liberation of the city on April 23, 1949 has it:The city, a tiger crouching, a dragon cu
44、rling, outshines its ancient glories; in heroic triumph, heaven and earth have been overturned.Balmy spring winds returned to bring new life to this historic city, of which the common people came to be the genuine masters. The nightmarish sufferings and humiliations of the past were left behind once
45、 and for all. The citizens of Nanjing have been working hard to give this age-old town a new appearance. Especially for the past ten years or more, the countrys reform and opening-up policy has infused new vigour into this beautiful and famous city. Newly built industries, an efficient transportation network extending in all directions, picturesque urban construction, a booming tertiary industry, a varied and colourful cultural life, all these and more added charm and vitality to this modem metropoli
