1、专业八级-430 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、The Rise of RP(总题数：1，分数：10.00)填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_四、SECTION B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Questions I to 5 are(总题数：1，分数：5.00)A.work hard while their boss is around
2、B.come to work when there is work to be doneC.work with initiative and willingnessD.work through their lunch breakA.pressure from work can be reducedB.working women can have more time al, homeC.traffic and commuting problems can be solvedD.personal relationships in offices can be improvedA.Performan
3、ce at work matters more than anything else.B.There are laws protecting employees working rights.C.Good reasons must be provided in order to fire workers.D.Working contracts in the US are mostly short-term ones.A.small firmsB.major banksC.big corporationsD.law officesA.office hierarchiesB.office cond
4、itionsC.office rulesD.office life六、SECTION C(总题数：0，分数：0.00)七、Question 6 is based (总题数：1，分数：1.00)A.The bombers bought return tickets from Luton to London.B.The bombers were masterminded by al Qaeda Islamist militants.C.The explosives were not fastened to the bombers.D.Two of the bombers were father-t
5、o-be.八、Questions 7 and 8 ar(总题数：1，分数：2.00)A.coexistenceB.environmental protectionC.international cooperationD.reconciliationA.21B.24C.137D.160九、Questions 9 and 10 a(总题数：1，分数：2.00)A.indifferentB.optimisticC.pessimisticD.uncertainA.a free and air parliamentary electionB.national stability and security
6、C.tile fight against drag tradeD.tile fight against terrorism十、PART READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十一、TEXT A(总题数：4，分数：4.00)2.We learn from the first paragraph that two systems of automated high ways_.（分数：1.00）A.my being plannedB.are being modifiedC.are now in wide useD.are under construction3.We know f
7、rom the passage that a car can enter a special-purpose lane_.（分数：1.00）A.by smoothly merging with cars on the conventional laneB.by way of a ramp with electronic control devicesC.through a specially guarded gateD.after all trespassers are identified and removed4.A special-purpose lane system is proba
8、bly advantageous in that_.（分数：1.00）A.it would require only minor changes to existing highwaysB.it would achieve the greatest highway traffic efficiencyC.it has a lane for both automated and partially automated vehiclesD.it offers more lanes for automated vehicles5.Which of tile following is tree abo
9、ut driving on an automated high way ?（分数：1.00）A.Vehicles traveling on it are assigned different lanes according to their destinations.B.A car can join existing traffic any time in a mixed lane system.C.The driver should inform his car computer of his destination be fore driving onto it.D.The driver
10、should share the automated lane with those of regular vehicles.十二、TEXT B(总题数：4，分数：4.00)6.we can infer from the first two paragraphs that the industrialists disregard environmental protection chiefly because_.（分数：1.00）A.they are unaware of the consequences of what they are doingB.they are reluctant t
11、o sacrifice their own economic interestsC.time has not yet come for them to put due emphasis on itD.it is difficult for them to take effective measures7.The underlined word “tunnel-visioned“ (Para. 4) most probably means_.（分数：1.00）A.narrow-mindedB.blind to the factsC.short-sightedD.able to see only
12、one aspect8.Which of the following, according to the author, should play the leading role in the solution of environmental problems?（分数：1.00）A.Legislation and government intervention.B.The industrys understanding and support.C.The efforts of environmental health professionals.D.The cooperation of ec
13、ologists, environmental activists and conservationists.9.The main task now facing ecologists, environmental activists and conservationists is_.（分数：1.00）A.to prevent pollution by legislation, economic incentives and persuasionB.to arouse public awareness of the importance of environmental protectionC
14、.to take radical measures to control environmental pollutionD.to improve the quality of life by enforcing environmental standards十三、TEXT C(总题数：4，分数：4.00)10.The passage is mainly about_.（分数：1.00）A.interpreting the newsB.writing objectivelyC.presenting factual storiesD.choosing facts11.The writer of a
15、n article selects ten out of fifty available facts (Para. 2) because_.（分数：1.00）A.space is limitedB.he has to be objectiveC.the subject is not importantD.he wants to simplify a complex story12.The underlined expression “slanting the news“ (Para. 5) most probably means_.（分数：1.00）A.publishing tile news
16、B.making some judgment on itC.expressing a certain position in itD.writing the news like an essay13.The author makes it clear that_.（分数：1.00）A.writers should limit themselves to factsB.reporters tend to slant their storiesC.editors control what the reporters writeD.even news presentation involves pe
17、rsonal judgment十四、TEXT D(总题数：4，分数：4.00)14.According to this passage, various types of packaging come into existence to_.（分数：1.00）A.meet the needs of consumersB.suit all kinds of productsC.enhance the market position of productsD.introduce new products15.Consumers are concerned about the changes in p
18、ackage size, mainly because_.（分数：1.00）A.they hate to see any changes in things they are familiar withB.the unit price for product often rises as a resultC.they have to pay for the cost of changing package sizesD.this entails an increase in the cost of packaging16.The underlined word “undue“(Para. 2)
19、 means“_”.（分数：1.00）A.improperB.adequateC.unexpectedD.excessive17.What started the public and Congressional concern about deceptive packaging rumpus?（分数：1.00）A.Consumers complaints about the changes in package size.B.Expensive packaging for poor quality products.C.A senators discovery of the tricks i
20、n packaging.D.The rise in the unit price for many products.十五、TEXT E(总题数：4，分数：4.00)18.Which of the following is mentioned in tile passage?（分数：1.00）A.A strict law against computer crimes must be enforced.B.Companies need to impose restrictions on confidential information.C.Companies will guard agains
21、t computer crimes to protect their reputation.D.Companies usually hesitate to uncover computer crimes.19.What may happen to computer criminals once they are caught?（分数：1.00）A.With bad reputation they can hardly find another job.B.They will be denied access In confidential records.C.They may walk awa
22、y and easily find another job.D.They must leave the country or go to jail.20.It can be concluded from the passage that_.（分数：1.00）A.it is still impossible to detect computer crimes todayB.1 computer crimes are the most serious problem in the operation of financial institutionsC.computer criminals can
23、 escape punishment because they cant be detectedD.people commit computer crimes at the request of their company21.It is implied in the third paragraph that_.（分数：1.00）A.many more computer crimes go undetected than are discoveredB.the rapid increase of computer crimes is a troublesome problemC.most co
24、mputer criminals are smart enough to cover up their crimesD.most computer criminals who are caught blame their bad luck十六、PART GENERAL KNOWL(总题数：10，分数：10.00)22.The Economist is one of the most important _ in Britain.（分数：1.00）A.quality newspapersB.weekly reviewsC.daily newspapersD.Sunday newspaper23.
25、The speech “I Have a Dream“ was delivered by_.（分数：1.00）A.Abraham LincolnB.John F. KennedyC.George WashingtonD.Martin Luther King, Jr.24.It was not until January 1776 that a widely heard public, voice demanded complete separation from England. Tire voice was that of_, whose pamphlet Common Sense, wit
26、h its heated language, increased the growing demand for separation.（分数：1.00）A.Thomas PaineB.Thomas JeffersonC.George WashingtonD.Patrick Henry25.Australia is the _largest country in the world.（分数：1.00）A.fourthB.fifthC.sixthD.seventh26.The epoch of Renaissance witnessed a particular development of En
27、glish drama. It was _who made blank verse the principal vehicle of expression in drama.（分数：1.00）A.Christopher MarloweB.Thomas LodgeC.Edmund SpenserD.Thomas More27.As a philosophical and literary movement, _flourished ill New England from the 1830s to CMl War.（分数：1.00）A.modernismB.rationalismC.sentim
28、entalismD.transcendentalism28.England got its name “Angle“ land from_.（分数：1.00）A.the CeltsB.the RomansC.the Germanic conquerorsD.the Danes29.The study of the linguistic meaning of words, phrases, and sentencesis called_.（分数：1.00）A.phonologyB.morphologyC.syntaxD.semantics30.Writing is a secondary lan
29、guage form based upon _.（分数：1.00）A.speechB.gestureC.emotionD.sounds31._was a man who lived out the American Dream.（分数：1.00）A.George WashingtonB.Abraham LincolnC.Franklin D. RooseveltD.John F. Kennedy十七、PART PROOFREADDING(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十八、Universities are no (总题数：10，分数：10.00)32.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_33.（分数
30、：1.00）填空项 1:_34.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_35.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_36.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_37.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_38.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_39.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_40.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_41.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_十九、PART TRANSLATION(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二十、SECTION A CHINESE TO(总题数：1，分数：10.00)42. 我们两个伟人的国家，交往的历史已经有 200年了，跨越厂三个世纪。两同人民友谊和合作的动人事迹还历历在日。19 世纪
31、 60 年代，中国数以万计的华工参加了美国横贯东西部大铁路的修建工作。他们不顾严寒、饥饿和待遇菲薄的恶劣条件，当别的建筑队伍都撤下来的时候，只有中国这支队伍坚持到底。最后一根枕木是由四位华下铺上的。无数人为这个工程献出了生命。1991 年伊利诺伊州曾经专门派人到上海用 3 000个道钉做了个纪念碑。他们说，中国筑路工人的最大贡献就是沟通了美国东西部的大通道，并由此推动厂美国的统一，这是一个重要的因素。（分数：10.00）_二十一、SECTION B ENGLISH TO(总题数：1，分数：10.00)43.But as we Americans use the word, “friend“ c
32、an be applied to wide range of relationshipsto someone one has known for a few weeks in a new place, to a close business associate, to a childhood playmate, to a man or woman, to a trusted confidant. There are real differences among these relations for Americansa friendship may be superficial, casua
33、l, situational or deep and enduring. But to a European, who sees only our surface behavior, the differences are not clear. As they see it, people known and accepted temporarily, casually, flow in and out of Americans homes with little ceremony and often with little personal commitment. They ,lay be
34、parents of the childrens friends, house guests of neighbors, members of a committee, business associates from another town or even another country. Coming as a guest into an American home, the Europe an visitor finds no visible landmarks. The atmosphere is relaxed. Most people, old and young, are ca
35、lled by first names.（分数：10.00）_二十二、PART WRITING(总题数：1，分数：20.00)44.Your article should be about 400 words in length. In the first part of your article you should state your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bri
36、ng what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.You should supply a title for your article.Mark will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Write your composition on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.（分数
37、：20.00）_专业八级-430 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、The Rise of RP(总题数：1，分数：10.00)填空项 1:_ （正确答案：dialect）解析：听力原文1-10People in Britain speak English with different accents according to where they come from, what kind of social status they have, or
38、what kind of education theyve received, etc. Among the various accents there is one that has achieved a certain eminence. Its called Received Pronunciation (PR). And this accent is also generally preferred for teaching English as a foreign language and for reading BBC news bulletins. Why is it so? L
39、ets take a look at how it evolved over the years, its features, its pr esent status, etc.Received Pronunciation had its historical origins in a dialect of English spoken particularly in the region stretching south-east from the Mid lands, which is in the central part of England, down towards London,
40、 the capital city. The two historic university cities of Cambridge andOxford, though outside this region, arc also considered as the place of origin for the dialect. The, dialect survived because of its association with centers of power and influence. It was spoken by the merchant classes of London
41、in the 14th century, for example, and would have been familiar to students attending the universities of Oxford and Cambridge in the Middle Ages. Its status as an important dialect was enhanced by its use in government and official documents from about 1430 onwards. More recently, its association si
42、nce the 19th century with public schools helped to achieve special pre-eminence for its distinctive patterns of pronunciation. So we can see in the United Kingdom, at least, this accent is usually associated with a higher social or educational background, with the BBC and certain professions, anti i
43、s most commonly taught to students learning English as a foreign language. For many such students it is the only accent they are prepared to learn, and a teacher who does not use it may have difficulty in finding a position as a teacher of English in certain non-English-speaking countries. Other nam
44、es for this accent are the Queens English, Oxford English and BBC English. As the accent has lost its former regional affiliations, it is now the most widely understood and spoken of all the accents within the British Isles.So, what are the most interesting characteristics of RP? Firstly, the relati
45、vely very small number of speakers who use it do not identify them selves as coming from any particular geographical region; secondly, RP is largely confined to England and there it is a non-localized accent; third ly, RP is a “class“ accent: in England, the higher the social class of a speaker, the
46、 less the regional accent, and also the use of local words and grammatical forms.As we have seen, RP, a non-regional accent based on the speech of the great public schools, has been accepted as a standard inside England for well over a century. Increasingly, however, there has been a tendency for th
47、e accent of educated people in South-Eastern England to replacestrict RP as the standard: RP has lost some of its prestige, as people educated at public schools have lost their monopoly of power and education. A considerable part has been played by the great post-war expansion of higher education. Today, the majority of university students are not speakers of RP. Most schoolteachers, too, do not use RP, but an educ
