1、专业八级-1012 及答案解析(总分：85.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Dont expect Starbucks-like (1) _ like this one at the 13,600 U.S. McDonalds, (1) _.or 30,000-plus worldwide; the Oak Brook restaurant, which opened late lastmonth, doubles public restaurant and test sit
2、e. But the worlds largest restaurant chain is tinkering with various possibilities in technology anddesign to try to ensure it is a (2) _ of choice in the future. (2) _.McDonalds has undergone an (3) _ change in more ways (3) _.than one since a time (4) _ years ago when its sales and reputation were
3、sagging amid complaints about its service and food. (4) _.The company reported first-quarter (5) _ income was up (5) _.6 percent to (6) _ million and revenue rose 9 percent to $4.8 billionover the same time last year. (6) _.Its stock price nearly tripled over a two-year period, hitting a four-yearhi
4、gh of $34.56 per share in March, but has since settled around $29.Snazzier new restaurants are part of the makeover; about 1,000, mostly olderU.S. McDonalds have been either (7) _.or rebuilt since 2002. (7) _.Some of the additions, such as salads, white-meat chicken nuggets and fruitoptions with Hap
5、py Meals, have served the (8) _ purpose of enabling thecompany to state a commitment to a healthier, (8) _.balanced menu while bringing in new customers who arent there for the hamburgers.McDonalds now hopes to attract more (9) _ with amenities that might enticethem to come in and stay awhile. (9) _
6、.Analyst Peter Jankovskis thinks the extra investments to try to make McDonaldsrestaurants hangouts are (10)_, noting that they have worked not only atStarbucks but at Panera Bread and other chains. (10) _.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B(总题
7、数：1，分数：5.00)(1).Who are the speakers?A. Salesmen.B. Editors.C. Cooks.D. Advertising agents.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What product are they talking about?A. Kitchen.B. Deep-freezer.C. Mobility units.D. Cake mixer（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What is the relationship between the two speakers?A. Employer and employe
8、eB. Salesman and customerC. Advertiser and customerD. Colleagues（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).How is the kitchen different from all other kitchens on the market?A. It is easier to clean and repairB. It is non-fixed and flexibleC. All its units are of the same heightD. Its chopping board is nearer to the sink
9、（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What can you infer from the conversation?A. Terry knows less about kitchen than JoyceB. Joyce knows more about kitchen than JoyceC. Terry knows as much about the kitchen as JoyceD. Terry knows as much about the kitchen as Joyce（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、SECTION C(总题数：3，分数：6.00)(1).Accor
10、ding to the news, the Italian Parliament was asked to act by_.A. the U.N.B. the Red CrossC. the Defense MinisterD. the Swedish Government（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).On the issue of limited use of landmines, the Italian Parliament is_.A. noncommittal B. resoluteC. unsupportive D. wavering（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.1.
11、What is the main idea of the news item?A. Mr. Olmert was confirmed of having taken bribes from a Jewish American businessman.B. Mr. Olmert was suspected of taking bribes and the inquiries might affect the peace process.C. Mr. Olmert, the head of government, deflected the peace efforts with the Pales
12、tinians.D. Mr. Olmert would resign because he took hundreds of thousands of dollars in bribes.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(1).Who was found to be involved in the bombing of the National police headquarters?A. Al-Qaida. B. A militant group.C. The Muslim Brotherhood. D. A group of separatists.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2
13、).Who were the majority of victims in the bombing on Wednesday?A. Civilians. B. Students.C. Government officials. D. Police officers.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to Salah, continual terrorist attacks were caused by _.A. the secular criticismB. the religious criticismC. the anger over the governmen
14、ts corruptionD. the antagonistic feelings against the West（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.五、PART READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、TEXT A(总题数：1，分数：4.00)“I do. “To Americans those two words carry great meaning. They can even change your life. Especially if you say them at your own wedding. Making wedding vows is like s
15、igning a contract. Now Americans dont really think marriage is a business deal. But marriage is serious business. It all begins with engagement. Traditionally, a young, man asks the father of his sweetheart for permission to marry her. If the father agrees, the man later proposes to her. Often he tr
16、ies to surprise her by“popping the question“ in a romantic way. Sometimes the couple just decides together that the time is right to get married. The man usually gives his fiance a diamond ring as a symbol of their engagement. They may be engaged for weeks, months or even years. As the big day appro
17、aches, bridal showers and bachelors parties provide many useful gifts. Today many couples also receive counseling during engagement. This prepares them for the challenges of married life. At last its time for the wedding. Although most weddings follow long-held traditions, theres still room for Amer
18、ican individualism. For example, the usual place for a wedding is in a church. But some people get married outdoors in a scenic spot. A few even have the ceremony while sky-diving or riding on horseback! The couple may invite hundreds of people or just a few close friends. They choose their own styl
19、e of colors, decorations and music during the ceremony. But some things rarely change. The bride usually wears a beautiful, long white wedding dress. She traditionally wears “some- thing old, something new, something borrowed and something blue“. The groom wears a formal suit or tuxedo. Several clos
20、e friends participate in the ceremony as attendants, including the best man and the maid of honor. As the ceremony begins, the groom and his attendants stand with the minister, facing the audience. Music signals the entrance of the brides attendants, followed by the beautiful bride. Nervously, the y
21、oung couple repeats their vows. Traditionally, they promise to love each other “for better, for worse, for richer, for poorer, in sickness and in health“, But sometimes the couple has composed their own vows. They give each other a gold ring to symbolize their marriage commitment. Finally the minist
22、er announces the big moment: “I now pronounce you man and wife. You may kiss your bride!“At the wedding reception, the bride and groom greet their guests. Then they cut the wedding cake and feed each other a bite. Guests mingle while enjoying cake, punch and other treats. Later the bride throws her
23、bouquet of flowers to a group of single girls. Tradition says that the one who catches the bouquet will be the next to marry. During the reception, playful friends “decorate“ the couples car with tissue paper, tin cans and a “Just Married“ sign. When the reception is over, the newlyweds run to their
24、 “decorated“ car and speed off. Many couples take a honeymoon, a one-to two-week vacation trip, to celebrate their new marriage. Almost every culture has rituals to signal a change in ones life. Marriage is one of the most basic life changes for people of all cultures. So its no surprise to find man
25、y traditions about getting married. . . even in America. Yet each couple follows the traditions in a way that is uniquely their own.（分数：4.00）(1).The word “business“ occurs twice in the first paragraph, what does the second “business“ mean?A. Trade. B. Affair. C. Duty. D. Right. （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).
26、There are many traditions about getting married, which of the following is Not mentioned in this passage?A. The engagement. B. The wedding ceremony. C. The bridal party. D. The marriage application. （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following can reflect American individualism?A. Holding their weddi
27、ng ceremony in a scenic spot. B. Choosing their groomsman and a maid of honor. C. Choosing their wedding dress. D. Inviting their best friends. （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).In the authors opinion _.A. American young couples have no chance to show their individualism in their marriageB. American young couple
28、s dont like to following long-held traditionsC. American young couples are inclined to follow the marriage traditionsD. American young couples marry in their own way（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.七、TEXT B(总题数：1，分数：4.00)Baruch Spinoza was a Dutch philosopher and religious thinker who was born on November 24, 1632
29、in Amsterdam. His family was Spanish-Portuguese Jews who were refugees to Holland. Spinoza was taught his early education from Jewish sources. He later went on to study other Jewish thinkers such as Maimonides, Gersonides, and Crescas.Baruch became interested in the physical sciences and the works o
30、f Thomas Hobbes and Rene Descartes. As a result of his studies, he grew away from Judaism and withdrew from the synagogue. In 1656, the rabbis banished Spinoza from Amsterdam. For the next five years he lived on the outside of the city where he supported himself by grinding optical lenses. During th
31、is time, Spinoza wrote his first philosophical work Treatise on God and Man and His Happiness. This work explained and outlined a good part of Spinozas philosophical beliefs.In 1661, Spinoza moved to Rijnsburg and a few years later he moved to Voorburg. From there he moved to the Hague. Soon after m
32、oving to the Hague, he was offered a Chair in Philosophy at the University of Heidelberg. Spinoza declined the offer. He was afraid it might compromise his freedom of thought and speech. At this time, Baruch Spinoza was well known and was well respected for his work. King Louis XIV of France offered
33、 Spinoza a pension on the condition that he dedicate one of his works to the monarch. Again, Spinoza rejected the offer.Spinozas work, Ethics Demonstrated in Geometric Order, was one of the best outlines of his theoretical framework. In this work, Spinoza divided his ethical thinking into five diffe
34、rent parts“On God,“ “On the Nature and Origin of the Mind,“ “On the Nature and Origin of the Emotions, “On Human Bondage, and “On Human Liberty“. Spinoza believed that the universe is identical with God, who is the uncaused “substance“ of all things.Baruch Spinoza used substance for God because he b
35、elieved God was not a material reality but a basis for all things that are reality. Spinoza also stated that humans can only use two kinds of attributes of substance, thoughts and extension. With thought and extension comes parallelism. Parallelism is a theory that Spinoza developed that explained t
36、he order between the two of them. “The order and connection of ideas is the same as the order and connection of things.“Along with this theory, Spinoza believed that there was no room in the substance universe for the ignorance of ones actions. With these actions Spinoza believed the affect will cha
37、nge the rest of the bodys power to act. It could increase or decrease the power even though God alone is the cause of those actions.Spinoza discussed the concept of “human bondage“ as a natural tendency for feelings and passions to take control of life and to make individuals into slaves. He believe
38、d that the only remedy for passion was actions. If a human can clearly understand their passions they can overcome their bondage much easier.The reasoning behind the work was to lay out a program for the perfection of the human nature. Baruch had many sources for his work, but his knowledge of the w
39、ork of Rene Descartes had a considerable influence on his own. He used most of Descartes vocabulary, definitions, and mathematical ways of thinking.Baruch Spinoza died on Feb. 21, 1677 from tuberculosis. He is credited for the most thorough study of Pantheism. Many poets relate to his work as inspir
40、ation for their writings.（分数：4.00）(1).The word “synagogue“ in the second paragraph most probably means _.A. Judaism B. rabbisC. synaxis D. synalgia（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Among all the following thinkers, _seems to have had the biggest influence on Baruch Spinoza.A. Crescas B. HobbesC. Descartes D. Ger
41、sonides（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Baruch Spinoza wrote his first philosophical work before 1662.B. Baruch Spinoza gave priority to freedom of thought and speech.C. Baruch Spinoza thought ones actions should be controlled by God.D.
42、Baruch Spinoza studied the doctrine identifying God with the universe.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the passage, which of the following is NOT Spinozas belief?A. The order of thoughts is the same as that of extension.B. God always ignores the feelings and actions of humans.C. Emotions would incr
43、ease or decrease ones power to act.D. The only solution to the problem of human bondage is to act.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.八、TEXT C(总题数：1，分数：4.00)The communists preoccupation with economic growth and their whole attitude towards economic progress have been shaped by Marxs theory of long-run development of h
44、uman society. This theory places economic development at the center of the entire social philosophy and it is impossible to study the Marxists political, social and economic views without referring to it. Without the knowledge of this theory it is difficult to understand the communists dogmatic beli
45、ef in the superiority of their system, whatever are the observable facts, and their faith in the final victory over capitalism. Economic development has to lead, sooner or later, to socialism and communism and it is necessary to build socialism and, later, communism to make future economic growth po
46、ssible. This principle is valid for all countries without any exception. They all have to proceed along the same path although they may be placed at different points of it at present. Such is the logic of history.This theory, which is usually referred to as “historical materialism“, “the materialist
47、ic conception of history“, or “Marxs historical determinism“, is believed by Marxists to be useful not only as the explanation of the past and the present but also as the basis for the prediction of the future course of history. As the final judgment on any prophecy has to be made in the light of th
48、e subsequent events, it is interesting to compare the developments since the theory was presented by Marx with the pattern which could have been expected on the basis of Marxs prediction. The purpose of this paper is to outline briefly such a comparison and to discuss the communist explanation of the disparity, which had appeared between the actual and the predicted course of events. The paper does not attempt to evaluate the philosophical aspects of the theory, its materialism, one-sidedness and methodological oversimplification. Similarly, the value of the theory as a summ
