1、专业英语八级（阅读）-试卷145及答案解析 (总分：44.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、READING COMPREHENSIO(总题数：11，分数：44.00)1.PART II READING COMPREHENSION_2.SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are several passages followed by fourteen multiple-choice questions. For each multiple-choice question, there are four suggested
2、 answers marked A , B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer._As I ponder whom it might be that I would consider a role model, I realized that there are a lot of people I know personally that I could look to for inspiration. But I am sharing these thoughts with others who most li
3、kely do not know my friend or my sister-in-law or the gal I work with. Therefore I think I should write about someone famous. But, it seems that these days there are not a lot of good role models to choose from, at least not from the typical choices that we usually think of as role models. I realize
4、 celebrities private lives should be just that; but when a person is in the limelight perhaps they should use that notoriety for some sort of good. There are some criteria that my role model must possess. First, she must be close to my age. She has to have overcome some obstacle, or maybe better sai
5、d, did not have her celebrity status handed to her. Finally, she must be helping others. Sharing the blessings she has received with others. I believe that someone who fits those criteria quite well is Oprah Winfrey. Oprah Winfreys life has had a very difficult and tumultuous beginning. She was born
6、 in 1954 to a poor, unmarried black girl living in the very racially segregated state of Mississippi. For a while, Oprah was raised by her grandmother, after her mother moved north. She eventually went to live with her father in Nashville, after having survived body abuse and the birth and death of
7、baby of her own. Oprahs rise to fame began in Baltimore, then Chicago, with her hosting morning talk shows, such as A. M. Chicago. She became so popular that in 1986, she launched The Oprah Winfrey Show. Oprah began her own production company, Harpo, and obtained control of The Oprah Winfrey Show, w
8、hich was now in syndication. In 1994, Oprah did something that caught my attention and with which she gained my respect. She decided to break away from the mold of other daytime talk shows and pledged that her show would be free from tabloid topics. Her viewers responded slowly, but very positively,
9、 and her popularity surged. The Oprah Winfrey Show was now centered on uplifting, meaningful subjects, many of which are aimed towards women. Oprah has used her gaining popularity, in my opinion, to launch many meaningful projects. She launched Oprahs Book Club in 1996. The Book Club is an on-air re
10、ading club intended to get the country excited about literature again. To date, all the book club selections have become instant bestsellers. Oprahs Angel Network was started in 1997,encouraging people to open their hearts to those in need. This includes a project to collect small change to send stu
11、dents to college and to sponsor Habitat for Humanity programs. Oprah has been able to share her blessings with others while keeping her pledge to focus The Oprah Winfrey Show on subjects that will encourage her viewers. Each week her shows cover such topics as spirituality, wellness, fitness, relati
12、onships, steps towards financial freedom and more. Winfreys talent for public performance and spontaneity in answering questions helped her win fame. Winfrey talk show has an estimated audience of 14 million daily in the US and millions more in 132 other countriespredominantly women. She is also an
13、accomplished actress and won an Academy Award nomination for her role in The Color Purple. Another reason that I admire Oprah is because she genuinely seems to be just a regular gal. Her book, Make the Connection shows how Oprah is like any other woman. The painful revelations she shares about her s
14、truggle with weight loss really touched me. Even as she was given an Emmy Award, her thoughts were on how heavy she must look in the dress she was wearing. Once, I went to a lecture given by one of Oprahs favorite authors. As we were sitting before the lecture began, a couple of black women walked i
15、n. My friend said, Oh look, theres Oprah, I said, no its not, she said, yes it is and back and forth we went. Well, as it turns out, it was Oprah. She looked just like the rest of us? she did not come in amongst media frenzy as might be expected. When the speaker introduced her, she was almost embar
16、rassed to stand. I feel Oprah is a genuinely nice person, someone who would be a great girl friend. She has a head on her shoulders and knows where she is going. She has made a name for herself and is not embarrassed by her wealth and knows the importance of sharing the blessings that have been best
17、owed upon her.（分数：8.00）(1).All of the following are the reasons why the author chose Oprah Winfrey as her role model EXCEPT that she_.（分数：2.00）A.is about of an age with the authorB.is glad to share everything she has with othersC.is ready to give a hand to othersD.has surmounted many difficulties(2)
18、.Oprahs talk show can NOT be described as_.（分数：2.00）A.soul-stirringB.significantC.popularD.terse(3).The reasons why Oprah became famous include all of the following EXCEPT that she_.（分数：2.00）A.focuses on thought-provoking topicsB.is gifted at public performanceC.has started several programsD.is able
19、 to respond to the audiences questions promptly(4).A suitable title for the passage would be_.（分数：2.00）A.Whose Lead Should I Follow?B.OprahA Talk Show HostessC.Why Do I Admire Oprah?D.OprahA Regular GalIts disturbing to picture your kindergartner in a casino, but maybe you ought to try. American kid
20、s are born into a culture that loves its gambling, and the passion is only growing, as financial hardships sweeten the ever alluring prospect of a lucky break. The danger, of course, is that gambling can lead to compulsive gamblingand compulsive gambling can be a life wrecker. Now, a new study in th
21、e Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine suggests that it may be possible to spot the people most at risk when theyre as young as 5 years old. Problem gambling, like all addictions, is at least partly rooted in poor impulse control, and if theres any place people make their want-it-now needine
22、ss known, its in kindergarten. Psychologist Linda Pagani of the Sainte-Justice University Hospital Research Center and the University of Montreal conducted a longitudinal study that began in 1999, when she assembled a sample group of 163 kindergartners with a median age of 5.5 years. The kids teache
23、rs filled out a questionnaire in which they rated each childs degree of inattentiveness, distractibility and hyperactivity on a scale of 1 to 9. Pagani tallied the scores and then tucked the findings away. Six years later, she conducted follow-up interviews with the same children and asked whether a
24、ny of them had begun gambling. The results were surprising. Although the kids were still a long way from being old enough for Vegas or the track, many admitted that they were already playing bingo, cards, video poker or other video games for money; buying lottery tickets? or placing bets on professi
25、onal sports. The majority of kids were not engaging in any of these activities, says Pagani, but the fact that any of them were was unexpected. What struck Pagani most was how predictable the identities of the gamblers were. When she referred back to the ratings from kindergarten, she found that eve
26、ry one-unit increase on the impulsivity scale correlated with a 25% jump in the likelihood a child would be gambling by sixth grade. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual already refers to gambling specifically as an impulse-control disorder, she says, citing the official text that outlines diagnost
27、ic criteria for mental disorders. And then there were our findings showing that . Knowing early on which children are headed for trouble can pay off in a number of ways. For one thing, it can help families wise up. Some of the parents of the kids in the study saw a little gambling as a minor thing,
28、and a number of them even bought lottery tickets for their kids as a reward for good behavior. That, clearly, sends the wrong message. Scratch-and-win games are for adults, Pagani says flatly. Whats more, not only can kids behavior benefit when impulse issues are spotted early on, so can their brain
29、s. Preschool is a time when the prefrontal lobes, which are the center of executive functionsand what Pagani and others call effortful controlare just developing. The better the brain can be trained at this stage, the better it performs later in life. Pagani cites a 2007 study published in the journ
30、al Science that showed that simple attention-boosting training taught in kindergarten improved focus and concentration in later years. You can introduce a cost-effective program and reap enormous benefits, she says. Pagani plans to check in with the kids in her survey again in another six years, whe
31、n theyre finishing high school and preparing to enter the larger world-with its larger temptations. Even if they were born too late to benefit from her findings, she thinks other kids can. We need to think of impulse-control training as a long-term investment plan, she says, one that can lead to les
32、s addiction, less gambling, a lower dropout rate and lower unemployment. Thats a far bigger payoff than youll ever get playing blackjack or craps.（分数：8.00）(1).The phrase tucked. away in the second paragraph-means_.（分数：2.00）A.put awayB.gave awayC.cleared awayD.worked away(2).Which may NOT be one of t
33、he benefits of impulse-control training?（分数：2.00）A.Encouraging more children to stay away from drugs and gambling.B.Facilitating the development of prefrontal lobes.C.Improving kids performance in tests.D.Reducing the number of dropout students.(3).All of the following are CORRECT EXCEPT that_.（分数：2
34、.00）A.financial pressure attracts more Americans to try their luck in gamblingB.kindergarten is the best place to know about peoples impulsivityC.parents often unconsciously encourage kids to gambleD.attention-boosting training can improve focus and concentration at once(4).A suitable title for the
35、passage would be_.（分数：2.00）A.Paganis Study on Children GamblingB.The Need of Impulse-Control TrainingC.Spotting Future Gamblers in KindergartenD.Saving Our Children from GamblingWhen the creators of a new sitcom called The Loop pitched their show to executives at the Fox television network, the broa
36、dcast moneymen liked the idea of a sitcom about young guys living in Chicago. But what they loved was the fact that products on the set wouldnt be an afterthought brought in by a prop master. Instead, viewers would see the same products every week, cleverly woven into the plot throughout the season,
37、 and characters would discuss the brandsa bit like a 13-week ad campaign. Sure enough, the network picked up the show. Co-creator Will Gluck says he wanted to capture the way guys really talk, discussing cool gadgets and brands in everyday life. Glucks product-infused formula is rapidly becoming a m
38、odel for network TVs survival. Thanks in part to technologies like TiVowhich growing numbers of folks are using to blitz past commercials and watch TV on their own schedulethe ad-driven prime time business model that has existed for decades is under assault as never before. In New York City last wee
39、k, broadcast execs showcased their best hopes for luring viewers back this fall, unveiling dozens of new dramas, sitcoms and reality shows. If history is any guide, most of them will flop, with shows aimed at young guys facing tough competition from video games, and cable channels eroding ever more
40、of the networks share. As advertisers increasingly chase audience through nontraditional outlets as well, the major networks may be in for a lousy year. While the gloomy financial picture may have something to do with a lack of must-see TV, its hard to overestimate the challenges posed by ad skippin
41、g. At least 6.4 million households now have digital video recorders (DVRS) like TiVo. Cable and satellite providers are pushing the technology hard40% of households are expected to have DVRS by 2009while the cable guys are also pitching video on demand (VOD), another technology consumers use to watc
42、h content on their own schedule. No wonder some advertisers are turning off the tube. American express has slashed the TV share of its ad budget from 80% a decade ago to less than 35% .replacing commercials, in part, with online mini-films. Pepsi recently relaunched Pepsi One without any TV advertis
43、ing, which execs at the firm say wouldnt have been the case five years ago. All the more reason advertisers want to TiVo-proof their message. Since 1999, television product-placement deals have surged in value from $709 million to $1.9 billion, according to the research firm PQ Media. Already, marke
44、ters have burrowed into reality shows like SurwVorand The Apprentice. This season also brought us a Desperate Housewife fawning over a Buick. Bernie Mac popping Rolaids, a character in According to Jim declares she only wants the shrimp at Red Lobster and an episode of Arrested Development set in a
45、Burger King. We needed as much support for the show as we could get, says Steven Melnick, a senior marketing executive at 20th Century Fox Television, which produces Arrested Development, defending Burger Kings starring role. (Typically, media buyers negotiate product placement as part of a package
46、deal with regular ads.) If muscling in on the development of scripted shows sounds scary, get ready for the next wave. While the networks were presenting their fall lineups last week, media buyers for Sears, for instance, were working up product-integration deals as part of their traditional ad buys
47、. Already a big presence in ABCs Extreme Makeover： Home Edition, Sears was eyeing new sitcoms like the WBs Supernatural, and the company isnt interested in providing an appliance as a background prop. Thats not enough to make people shop at Sears, says Perianne Grignon, vice president of media servi
48、ces for Sears. Its easy to use merchandise as a prop, but we have higher standards. But how much product integration will audiences tolerate before turning off, rea-lizing theyre essentially watching an advertorial? No one can say for sure, though ratings for one of the heaviest product-placement vehicles, The Apprentice, fell 20% this season. Mazza claims that as long as products appear organically in TV shows, audiences won
