1、专业英语八级英语国家概况-4及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、单项选择题(总题数：50，分数：100.00)1.The clash at Concord and Lexington was _.A. the beginning of the War of IndependenceB. the beginning of the second Continental ConferenceC. a minor clash between the British and the colonists with no significanceD. none of the above
2、（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.2.The following states are among the first thirteen colonies except _.A. Maryland B. South Carolina C. Delaware D. Colorado（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.3.The Declaration of Independence was drafted by a committee including _ as head.A. George Washington B. Thomas JeffersonC. Benjamin Franklin D
3、. James Madison（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.4._ was the British king when colonial Americans declared their independence.A. King George B. King George C. King George D. King George （分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.5._, signed in 1783, recognized the independence of the United States.A. The Treaty of Paris B. Westminster Statut
4、eC. British North America Act D. The Act of Union（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.6.During the drafting of the Declaration of Independence and the drafting of the Constitution, the issue of Negro slavery was _.A. not raisedB. raised but voted downC. bitterly debatedD. raised but, because of strong southern oppositi
5、on, was put aside for greater objective（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.7.The Bill of Rights Amendments _.A. dealt with procedural mattersB. included not only procedural guarantees but also guarantees of basic rights for the individualC. were adopted merely to satisfy those who opposed the ConstitutionD. were reluc
6、tantly accepted by the Federalists（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.8.The first ten amendments, known as _, were added to the Constitution in 1791.A. the Bill of Rights B. the Articles of ConfederationC. Civil Rights D. the Confederation Act（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.9.was the first American President who was inaugurated in t
7、he city of Washington.A. John Adams B. Thomas JeffersonC. James Madison D. Benjamin Franklin（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.10.The U.S. won the _ and completely got rid of the British control.A. War of 1812 B. Civil WarC. War of Independence D. War of Seven Years（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.11.Slave labor was widespread in th
8、e south because _.A. the cold weather in the north was not suitable for Negro slavesB. Negro slaves could not cope with machines in factories in the northC. Negro slaves were best suited for the kind of plantation economy in the southD. the north world did not allow slavery to spread into their stat
9、es（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.12.When Abraham Lincoln was elected president, the southern states broke away and formed a new nation called _.A. the Southern States of America B. the Federalist States of AmericaC. the Confederate States of America D. the Anti-confederate States of America（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.13.Dur
10、ing the Civil War, President _ issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which declared the abolition of slavery.A. Abraham Lincoln B. Andrew JohnsonC. Ulysses S. Grant D. James Buchanan（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.14.President Lincoln was shot dead five days after _.A. he made a speech at GettysburgB. General Lee,
11、 commanding general of the Confederate army surrendered his troopsC. the adoption of the thirteenth AmendmentD. a military victory of the Union force at Gettysburg（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.15.The war in which America lost more soldiers than any other war in American history is _.A. the Civil War B. the War o
12、f IndependenceC. the World War D. the World War （分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.16.One of the contribution of Theodore Roosevelt as President was _.A. the banning of child labor B. the giving of voting right to womenC. in the field of natural conservation D. in urban renovation（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.17.One of the contri
13、butions of Woodrow Wilson was _.A. natural conservationB. the construction of irrigation projectsC. the setting-up of the Federal Reserve Board and twelve Federal Reserve BanksD. the introduction of tariff increase and a low income tax（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.18.The policy the United States actually pursued
14、 in the first two years of WW was _.A. impartial neutrality B. partial neutralityC. firm support of the Allies D. Pro-Ally partial neutrality（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.19.The essence of the Paris Peace Conference was _.A. to bring peace to EuropeB. to carve up the colonies of the defeated countries and to get
15、 war compensation for the victorsC. to settle the colonial problem of the Ottoman EmpireD. to put the Fourteen Points into Practice（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.20.The serious economic crisis in the late 1920s and 1930s first brought about by _.A. bank failures B. serious unemploymentC. farm foreclosures D. the
16、stock market crash（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.21.Most of the measures F.D. Roosevelt took in the first hundred days he was in the White House were to _.A. stop bank failuresB. prevent radical actions in the United StatesC. prevent the further worsening of the economic situation and lessen the personal sufferin
17、gs of the peopleD. prevent further worsening of the unstable political situation（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.22.The Great Depression of _ to _ shook the U.S. and the whole capitalist world to its foundations.A. 1929, 1933 B. 1933, 1937 C. 1924, 1929 D. 1937, 1941（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.23.The President F D. Roosevelt
18、proposed a policy called _ to save the economic situation.A. Good Neighbor Policy B. the Open Door PolicyC. the New Deal D. the Budget-cut Policy（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.24.The Red Scare in 1919 and 1920 was a typical example of American _.A. religious intolerance B. intolerant nationalismC. Progressive Mov
19、ement D. Deregulation of big trusts（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.25.The notorious Prohibition of 1920 was to outlaw the consuming of_.A. tobacco B. drugs C. alcohol beverages D. guns（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.26.In the early 1930s, the American foreign policy was Isolationist, but the _ suddenly changed the whole situatio
20、n, which propelled the U.S. into the Second World War.A. Pearl Harbor attack B. bombing of Guam IslandC. seizing of American merchant ships D. sinking of American passenger ships（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.27.Conflicts arose between the United States and the Soviet Union because _.A. their common enemies Nazi
21、Germany and Japan were defeatedB. they had very different concepts of postwar world orderC. the United States wanted cooperation with the Soviet Union but the Soviet Union refusedD. the Soviet Union wanted cooperation with the United States but the United States refused（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.28.The idea o
22、f containment was first brought up by _.A. Harry Truman B. Franklin D. RooseveltC. Marshall D. George Kennan（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.29.The main purpose of Ku Klux Klan is _.A. persecuting blacks B. killing politiciansC. kidnapping foreigners D. murdering millionaires（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.30.In order to protect
23、Western Europe from possible Soviet expansion, the United States decided to offer western European countries economic aid. This policy is called _.A. Truman Doctrine B. Marshall PlanC. containment policy D. McCarthyism（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.31.McCarthyism is _ in the 1950s promoted by a U.S. senator named
24、 McCarthy.A. an anti-Soviet hysteria B. an anti-Expansion hysteriaC. an anti-Racism hysteria D. an anti-Communist hysteria（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.32.The Civil Rights leader who promoted non-violent policy and gave the famous speech I have a dream is _.A. Martin Luther King B. Malcolm XC. Booker T. Washingt
25、on D. Marcus Garvey（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.33._was the first American president who visited new China.A. Nixon B. Regan C. Bush D. Clinton（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.34.The 1920s in the United States was described as a period of _.A. development of science and technologyB. development of cultureC. loss of purposeD. m
26、aterial success and spiritual frustration（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.35.The Gettysburg victory was the turning point of _.A. the Civil War B. the War of IndependenceC. the Indian War D. the 1812 War（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.36.The emblem of the Democratic Party is _.A. elephant B. donkey C. bear D. bull（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D
27、.37._ has the worlds oldest written constitution and political party.A. America B. Canada C. Britain D. Australia（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.38.The American President usually takes an oath of office, administered by the _ of the United States in January.A. Chief Justice B. House SpeakerC. Secretary of State D.
28、 Senate Majority Leader（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.39.The U.S. Constitution provides that the _ shall be President of the Senate.A. Vice President B. Secretary of StateC. Senate Majority Leader D. Senate Minority Leader（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.40.In 1992,_ ran for the President as an independent candidate.A. Bill Clin
29、ton B. Ross Perot C. Bob Dole D. George Bush（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.41.Which of the following does not belong to the general principles of the form of U.S. government?A. Federalism.B. The separation of powers.C. Respect for the constitution and the rule of law.D. Constitutional monarchy.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.42
30、.Which two parties are dominating the political scene in the U.S. now?A. The Democratic Party and the National Party.B. The Conservative party and the Liberty Party.C. The Republican Party and the Democratic Party.D. The Labor Party and the National Party.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.43.The three elements of th
31、e federal government include the following except _.A. Executive (the President) B. Legislature (the Congress)C. Judicial (the Supreme Court) D. State government（分数：2.00）_44.U.S. presidential election is held_.A. in November each leap year B. in January each leap yearC. in June each leap year D. in
32、February each leap year（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.45.Who will become president if the president dies during his reign?A. A new president will be elected. B. Vice PresidentC. Chief Justice D. The presidential candidate of the opposition party（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.46._ was the first president resigned from office.A.
33、 Richard Nixon B. Bill ClintonC. John F. Kennedy D. Abraham Lincoln（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.47._ was elected president for the most terms in American history.A. Theodore Roosevelt B. George WashingtonC. Franklin Roosevelt D. Ronald Reagan（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.48.The U.S. Congress is composed of _.A. the Senate a
34、nd the House of RepresentativesB. the Senate and the House of CommonsC. the House of Lords and the House of RepresentativesD. the House of Lords and the House of Commons（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.49.A member of the House of Representatives and a member of the Senate serve respectively for_ and _ years.A. 2;4
35、B. 2;6 C. 4;6 D. 4;8（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.50._has the sole power to interpret the American constitution.A. The Supreme Court B. The SenateC. The President D. The Chief Justice（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.专业英语八级英语国家概况-4答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、单项选择题(总题数：50，分数：100.00)1.The clash at Concord and Lexington was _.A. th
36、e beginning of the War of IndependenceB. the beginning of the second Continental ConferenceC. a minor clash between the British and the colonists with no significanceD. none of the above（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.解析：Lexington shot(莱克星顿的枪声)是美国独立战争的第一枪。2.The following states are among the first thirteen colonie
37、s except _.A. Maryland B. South Carolina C. Delaware D. Colorado（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.解析：1776年7月4日，在美国独立宣言上签字的大西洋东部沿海13个州分别是：New Hampshire(新罕布什尔州)、Massachusetts(马萨诸塞州)、Rhode Island(罗德岛州)、Connecticut(康涅狄格州)、New York(纽约州)、New Jersey(新泽西州)、Pennsylvania(宾夕法尼亚州)、Maine(缅因州)、Maryland(马里兰州)、Virginia(弗吉尼亚州)、North
38、 Carolina(北卡罗来纳州)、South Carolina(南卡罗来纳州)、Georgia(佐治亚州)。3.The Declaration of Independence was drafted by a committee including _ as head.A. George Washington B. Thomas JeffersonC. Benjamin Franklin D. James Madison（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.解析：1774年，第一次大陆会议召开，成立了大陆民兵队，开始为争取独立做准备；1775年，莱克星顿的枪声打响了独立战争的第一枪；1776年，
39、召开第二次大陆会议，选举乔治华盛顿为独立战争海陆军总指挥，并成立以托马斯杰斐逊为首的草拟小组，起草独立宣言；1776年7月4日，独立宣言被大会通过，正式宣布美国独立。4._ was the British king when colonial Americans declared their independence.A. King George B. King George C. King George D. King George （分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.解析：独立宣言于1776年在大陆会议上通过并产生效力，当时在位的英国君主是乔治三世(17601820)，其他的君主在位时期如下
40、：乔治一世(17141727)，乔治二世(17271760)，乔治四世(18201830)。5._, signed in 1783, recognized the independence of the United States.A. The Treaty of Paris B. Westminster StatuteC. British North America Act D. The Act of Union（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.解析：战争的形势起初对大陆军是非常不利的，由于装备和兵力不足，1776年连失纽约和费城；1777年，在加拿大被英军打败的法军转而援助美军，战争形式出
41、现了转折，萨拉托加战役英军失利，美法联军乘胜追击，取得了节节胜利；1781年，George Cornwallis带领的英国军队弃械投降，正式宣布美国独立战争取得胜利；1783年，英国签订了巴黎和约，承认美国独立。6.During the drafting of the Declaration of Independence and the drafting of the Constitution, the issue of Negro slavery was _.A. not raisedB. raised but voted downC. bitterly debatedD. raised
42、but, because of strong southern opposition, was put aside for greater objective（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.解析：黑奴的存在违背了美国独立宣言所主张的人人生而平等的思想。实际上，早在托马斯杰斐逊起草独立宣言的时候就提出过废除黑奴制度的建议，后来在起草宪法和人权法案的时候也都提出来讨论过，但是由于南方种植园主的强烈反对，该提议被暂时搁置。直到19世纪中叶，由于北方工业的迅速发展，黑奴制度成为南北矛盾的核心，废除黑奴制度才真正被提上日程，也成为后来的南北战争的焦点。7.The Bill of Rights Amen
43、dments _.A. dealt with procedural mattersB. included not only procedural guarantees but also guarantees of basic rights for the individualC. were adopted merely to satisfy those who opposed the ConstitutionD. were reluctantly accepted by the Federalists（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.解析：新起草的宪法要求组建一个强大的中央集权政府，各州担心强
44、大的中央会破坏公民的人权，于是对宪法进行了修正，加入了10条修正法案，合称为Bill of Rights(权利法案)。8.The first ten amendments, known as _, were added to the Constitution in 1791.A. the Bill of Rights B. the Articles of ConfederationC. Civil Rights D. the Confederation Act（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.解析：1781年独立战争胜利之后，美国的临时宪法是the Articles of confederation(联邦条例)，但是由于联邦条例非常不成熟，政府
