1、专业英语四级-32及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、完型填空题(总题数：3，分数：100.00)America is one of many countries where the state gives a leg-up to members of certain racial, ethnic, or other groups 1 holding them to different standards. The details 2 . In some countries, the policy 3 only to areas under direct state co
2、ntrol, such as public-works contracts or 4 to public universities. In others, private firms are also obliged to take 5 of the race of their employees, contractors and even owners. 6 the effects are strikingly similar around the world. Many of these policies were put in place with the best of intenti
3、ons: to 7 for past injustices and purify their legacy. No one can deny that, 8 , blacks in America have suffered awful wrongs, and continue to suffer 9 . Favouring members of these groups seems like a quick and effective way of making society 10 . Most of these groups have made great 11 . At the sam
4、e time, the downside of affirmative action has become all too 12 . Awarding university places to black students 13 lower test scores than whites sounds reasonable, 14 the legacy of segregation. But a study found that at some American universities, black applicants who scored 450 points worse than As
5、ians on entrance tests were 15 likely to win a place. That is neither fair on Asians, 16 an incentive to blacks to study in high school. The book Mismatch produces evidence that 17 affirmative action reduces the number of blacks who 18 as lawyers by placing black students in law schools 19 they are
6、ill-prepared, causing many to drop out. Had they attended less demanding schools, they 20 .（分数：30.00）A.withB.inC.atD.byA.varyB.alterC.remainD.shiftA.refersB.appliesC.amountsD.contributesA.admissionB.confessionC.concessionD.conversionA.careB.tollC.accountD.advantageA.AndB.ButC.SimilarlyD.ThenA.compet
7、eB.complainC.combatD.compensateA.for exampleB.as a resultC.in contrastD.as usualA.distinctionB.separationC.disturbanceD.discriminationA.wiserB.more modernizedC.fairerD.more conservativeA.fortuneB.contributionC.progressD.effortA.desirableB.apparentC.reliableD.negativeA.toB.withC.asD.forA.givenB.provi
8、dedC.concernedD.supposedA.partiallyB.slightlyC.occasionallyD.equallyA.notB.butC.norD.orA.suggestsB.advisesC.objectsD.supposesA.considerB.qualifyC.proveD.appearA.with whichB.to whichC.for whichD.in whichA.might have graduatedB.have graduatedC.will graduateD.had graduatedMost people who travel long di
9、stances complain of jetlag. Jetlag makes business travelers less productive and more prone 21 making mistakes. It is actually caused by 22 of your body clocka small cluster of brain cells that controls the timing of biological 23 . The body clock is designed for a 24 rhythm of daylight and darkness,
10、 so that it is thrown out of balance when it 25 daylight and darkness at the wrong times in a new time zone. The 26 of jetlag often persist for days 27 the internal body clock slowly adjusts to the new time zone. Now a new anti-jetlag system is 28 that is based on proven 29 pioneering scientific res
11、earch. Dr. Martin Moore-Ede has 30 a practical strategy to adjust the body clock much sooner to the new time zone 31 controlled exposure to bright light. The time zone shift is easy to accomplish and eliminates 32 of the discomfort of jetlag. A successful time zone shift depends on knowing the exact
12、 time to either 33 or avoid bright light. Exposure to light at the wrong time can actually make jetlag worse. The proper schedule 34 light exposure depends a great deal on 35 travel plans. Data on a specific flight itinerary and the individuals sleep 36 are used to produce a Trip Guide with 37 on ex
13、actly when to be exposed to bright light. When the Trip Guide calls 38 bright light you should spend time outdoors if possible. If it is dark outside, or the weather is bad, 39 you are on an aeroplane, you can use a special light device to provide the necessary light 40 for a range of activities suc
14、h as reading, watching TV or working.（分数：30.00）A.forB.fromC.toD.ofA.ruptureB.corruptionC.eruptionD.disruptionA.actionsB.functionsC.reflectionD.behaviorA.regularB.formalC.continualD.circularA.retainsB.encountersC.possessesD.experimentsA.diseasesB.symptomsC.signsD.defectsA.whileB.whereasC.ifD.although
15、A.adaptableB.approachableC.availableD.agreeableA.broadB.inclusiveC.tentativeD.extensiveA.devisedB.recognizedC.scrutinizedD.visualizedA.atB.throughC.inD.asA.mostB.leastC.littleD.moreA.attainB.shedC.retrieveD.seekA.onB.withC.forD.inA.uniqueB.specificC.complicatedD.peculiarA.normB.modeC.patternD.styleA
16、.directoriesB.instructionsC.specificationsD.commentariesA.offB.onC.forD.upA.orB.andC.butD.whileA.agitationB.spurC.accelerationD.stimulusIn the United States, the first day nursery, was opened in 1854. Nurseries were established in various areas during the 41 half of the 19th century; most of 42 were
17、 charitable. Both in Europe and in the U.S., the day nursery movement received great 43 during the First World War, when 44 of manpower caused the industrial employment of unprecedented numbers of women. In some European countries nurseries were established 45 in munitions plants, under direct gover
18、nment sponsorship. 46 the number of nurseries in the U.S. also rose 47 , this rise was accomplished without government aid of any kind. During the years following the First World War, 48 , federal State and local governments gradually began to exercise a measure of control 49 the day nurseries, chie
19、fly by 50 them and by inspecting and regulating the conditions within the nurseries. The 51 of the Second World War was quickly followed by an increase in the number of day nurseries in almost all countries, as women were 52 called up on to replace men in the factories. On this 53 the U.S. governmen
20、t immediately came to the support of the nursery schools, 54 $6,000,000 in July, 1942, for a nursery school program for the children of working mothers. Many States and local communities 55 this Federal aid. By the end of the war, in August, 1945, more than 100,000 children were being cared 56 in da
21、ycare centers receiving Federal 57 . Soon afterward, the Federal government 58 cut down its expenditures for this purpose and later 59 them, causing a sharp drop in the number of nursery schools in operation. However, the expectation that most employed mothers would leave their 60 at the end of the
22、war was only partly fulfilled.（分数：40.00）A.latterB.lateC.otherD.firstA.thoseB.themC.whoseD.whichA.impetusB.inputC.imitationD.initiativeA.sourcesB.abundanceC.shortageD.reductionA.hardlyB.entirelyC.onlyD.evenA.BecauseB.AsC.SinceD.AlthoughA.unanimouslyB.sharplyC.predominantlyD.militantlyA.thereforeB.con
23、sequentlyC.howeverD.moreoverA.overB.inC.atD.aboutA.formulatingB.labelingC.patentingD.licensingA.outsetB.outbreakC.breakthroughD.breakdownA.againB.thusC.repeatedlyD.yetA.circumstanceB.occasionC.caseD.situationA.regulatingB.summoningC.allocatingD.transferringA.expandedB.facilitatedC.supplementedD.comp
24、ensatedA.byB.afterC.ofD.forA.pensionsB.subsidiesC.revenuesD.budgetsA.prevalentlyB.furiouslyC.statisticallyD.drasticallyA.abolishedB.diminishedC.jeopardizedD.precludedA.nurseriesB.homesC.jobsD.children专业英语四级-32答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、完型填空题(总题数：3，分数：100.00)America is one of many countries where th
25、e state gives a leg-up to members of certain racial, ethnic, or other groups 1 holding them to different standards. The details 2 . In some countries, the policy 3 only to areas under direct state control, such as public-works contracts or 4 to public universities. In others, private firms are also
26、obliged to take 5 of the race of their employees, contractors and even owners. 6 the effects are strikingly similar around the world. Many of these policies were put in place with the best of intentions: to 7 for past injustices and purify their legacy. No one can deny that, 8 , blacks in America ha
27、ve suffered awful wrongs, and continue to suffer 9 . Favouring members of these groups seems like a quick and effective way of making society 10 . Most of these groups have made great 11 . At the same time, the downside of affirmative action has become all too 12 . Awarding university places to blac
28、k students 13 lower test scores than whites sounds reasonable, 14 the legacy of segregation. But a study found that at some American universities, black applicants who scored 450 points worse than Asians on entrance tests were 15 likely to win a place. That is neither fair on Asians, 16 an incentive
29、 to blacks to study in high school. The book Mismatch produces evidence that 17 affirmative action reduces the number of blacks who 18 as lawyers by placing black students in law schools 19 they are ill-prepared, causing many to drop out. Had they attended less demanding schools, they 20 .（分数：30.00）
30、A.withB.inC.atD.by解析：解析 空格后的“给他们设定不同的标准”是“让特定的种族、少数族裔或、者其他族群享受特殊待遇”的方式，因此选表“方式”的介词，by符合要求。with为强干扰项，但其后只接名词。A.varyB.alterC.remainD.shift解析：解析 从下文的提示：In some countries.In others，可以推测，空格处要填入表示“不同”含义的词，故选A。alter“改变”；remain“仍然”；shift“移动”。A.refersB.appliesC.amountsD.contributes解析：解析 apply.to意为“应用到”，代入句中意
31、思为“该政策只在政府职权范围内适用”，选B。A.admissionB.confessionC.concessionD.conversion解析：解析 此处为政府在其职权范围实施的两项政策，一项为“国有的雇佣合同”，一项为“公立大学的_”。admission意为“入学”，符合句意。A.careB.tollC.accountD.advantage解析：解析 此处意为“私企须在雇佣工人、签订合同，甚至选择股东时都必须_他们的种族因素”，take account of“考虑”代入空格，符合语义逻辑。take care of“照顾”；take toll of“抽取一部分”；take advantage
32、of意为“利用”。A.AndB.ButC.SimilarlyD.Then解析：解析 空格前谈到各国情况有别，但空格后又说“各国的实施效果都大同小异”，这里含有转折关系，故用but。A.competeB.complainC.combatD.compensate解析：解析 冒号前的intentions意为“愿望，期望”，冒号后的内容就是两个美好的愿望：“_过去的不公正”以及“让他们拥有清白的遗产”。compensate意为“补偿”，代入句中符合句意。A.for exampleB.as a resultC.in contrastD.as usual解析：解析 空格后的内容是上句的一个具体例子，用fo
33、r example。as a result“结果”；in contrast“相反”；as usual“像往常一样”。A.distinctionB.separationC.disturbanceD.discrimination解析：解析 根据空格前的continue to suffer表明这种现象仍在持续。discrimination意为“歧视”，符合句意。distinction“区别”；separation“分离”；disturbance“打扰”。A.wiserB.more modernizedC.fairerD.more conservative解析：解析 从句意“优待这些种群似乎是一种令社
34、会_的快速而有效的方式”来看，这里只能填fairer“更公平”，其他选项不合句意。wiser“更聪明”；more modernized“更现代”；more conservative“更保守”。A.fortuneB.contributionC.progressD.effort解析：解析 四个选项都可以与make搭配。make fortune意为“制造财富”；make contribution“做贡献”；make progress“取得进步”；make effort“做出努力”。但这里只有C符合语义逻辑，代入句中意为“大多数这类族群都取得了巨大的进步”。A.desirableB.apparentC
35、.reliableD.negative解析：解析 根据空格后的内容：低分的黑人学生同样可以被录取，甚至比亚裔学生分数低也可能被录取，可知平权法案的负面效应是“明显的”，故用apparent。desirable“合意的”；reliable“可靠的”；negative“负面的”。A.toB.withC.asD.for解析：解析 由下一句的“比亚裔学生低450分”，可以看出这些黑人学生的分数线很低，因此空格处应填入表示“具有”含义的介词，故选with。A.givenB.providedC.concernedD.supposed解析：解析 空格前表明“即使黑人学生的入学分数线比白人学生低是合理的”，空
36、格后表明原因：黑人是种族隔离的受害者。given“考虑到”符合句意，选A。provided“假如”；concern也有“考虑到”的意思，但填入文中应用concerning；supposed“假设”。A.partiallyB.slightlyC.occasionallyD.equally解析：解析 本段讲黑人受到过多的照顾，据此可推断此处表示“分数低于亚裔学生的黑人学生也会被录取”，be equally likely to表示“同样有可能”，符合语境。partially“部分地”；slightly“稍微地”；occasionally“偶尔地”。A.notB.butC.norD.or解析：解析 n
37、either.nor是固定用法，表示“既不也不”，选C。A.suggestsB.advisesC.objectsD.supposes解析：解析 空格后的affirmative action reduces the number of blacks是结论性的东西，因此空格处应是表“显示，证明”含义的词，选A。A.considerB.qualifyC.proveD.appear解析：解析 根据下文出现的ill-prepared(准备不足)，drop out(辍学)等词，可知黑人学生在法学院的成绩不理想。因而拿到律师牌的资格也就少了。故用qualify“(使)有资格”。consider“考虑”；pr
38、ove“证明”；appear“出现”。A.with whichB.to whichC.for whichD.in which解析：解析 空格处为“介词+关系代词”作定语从句的引导词，用什么介词取决于与谓语的搭配，ill-prepared是prepare的派生词，而“为而作准备”用prepare for，故确定本题应填for which。A.might have graduatedB.have graduatedC.will graduateD.had graduated解析：解析 根据空格前的Had+过去分词形式，可知这里需要填入与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，用should/would/could
39、/might+have+过去分词，故选A。Most people who travel long distances complain of jetlag. Jetlag makes business travelers less productive and more prone 21 making mistakes. It is actually caused by 22 of your body clocka small cluster of brain cells that controls the timing of biological 23 . The body clock is
40、 designed for a 24 rhythm of daylight and darkness, so that it is thrown out of balance when it 25 daylight and darkness at the wrong times in a new time zone. The 26 of jetlag often persist for days 27 the internal body clock slowly adjusts to the new time zone. Now a new anti-jetlag system is 28 t
41、hat is based on proven 29 pioneering scientific research. Dr. Martin Moore-Ede has 30 a practical strategy to adjust the body clock much sooner to the new time zone 31 controlled exposure to bright light. The time zone shift is easy to accomplish and eliminates 32 of the discomfort of jetlag. A succ
42、essful time zone shift depends on knowing the exact time to either 33 or avoid bright light. Exposure to light at the wrong time can actually make jetlag worse. The proper schedule 34 light exposure depends a great deal on 35 travel plans. Data on a specific flight itinerary and the individuals slee
43、p 36 are used to produce a Trip Guide with 37 on exactly when to be exposed to bright light. When the Trip Guide calls 38 bright light you should spend time outdoors if possible. If it is dark outside, or the weather is bad, 39 you are on an aeroplane, you can use a special light device to provide t
44、he necessary light 40 for a range of activities such as reading, watching TV or working.（分数：30.00）A.forB.fromC.toD.of解析：解析 本题考查形容词prone的搭配。be prone to意为“易于的”，其他三项不能跟prone搭配。A.ruptureB.corruptionC.eruptionD.disruption解析：解析 此处要表示“时差反应是由生物钟节奏被打乱引起的”，disruption“扰乱”填入空格，句意通顺。rupture“破裂”；corruption“腐败”；er
45、uption“爆发”。A.actionsB.functionsC.reflectionD.behavior解析：解析 此处的意思为“一小群能控制生理_运作时间的脑细胞”，根据常识，生物钟控制的是人生理功能运作的时间，因此function“功能”符合句意。action“行为”；reflection“反映”；behavior“行为”。A.regularB.formalC.continualD.circular解析：解析 根据下一句的thrown out of balance(失去平衡)，at the wrong times in a new time zone(在新的时区，错误的时间里)，得知生物钟在新的时区和错误的时间会失衡，反过来理解，生物钟是“昼夜节律有规律运作的”，regular“有规律的”符合这个意思。formal“正式的”；continual“不间断的”；circular“循环的”。A.retainsB.encountersC.possessesD.experiments解析：解析 空格前的rhythm of daylight and darkness指的应该是“昼夜交替的节奏”，在新的时区，接触昼夜的时间应该不同，故空格处应填入encounter
