1、专业英语四级-59及答案解析 (总分：100.02，做题时间：90分钟)一、READING COMPREHENSIO(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Latino youths need better education for Arizona to take full advantage of the possibilities their exploding population offers. Arizonas fast-growing Latino population offers the state tremendous promi
2、se and a challenge. Even more than the aging of the baby boomers, the Latino boom is fundamentally reorienting the states economic and social structure. Immigration and natural increase have added 600,000 young Latino residents to the states population in the past decade. Half of the population youn
3、ger than 18 in both Phoenix and Tucson is now Latino. Within 20 years, Latinos will make up half of the homegrown entry-level labor pool in the states two largest labor markets. What is more, Hispanics are becoming key economic players. Most people dont notice it, but Latinos born in Arizona make up
4、 much of their immigrant parents economic and educational deficits. For example, second-generation Mexican-Americans secure an average of 12 grades of schooling where their parents obtained less than nine. That means they erase 70 percent of their parents lag behind third-generation non-Hispanic Whi
5、tes in a single generation. All of this hands of the state a golden opportunity. At a time when many states will struggle with labor shortages because of modest population growth, Arizona has a priceless chance to build a populous, hardworking and skilled workforce on which to base future prosperity
6、. The problem is that Arizona and its Latino residents may not be able to seize this opportunity. Far too many of Arizonas Latinos drop out of high school or fail to obtain the basic education needed for more advanced study. As a result, educational deficits are holding back many Latinosand the stat
7、e as well. To be sure, construction and low-end service jobs continue to absorb tens of thousands of Latino immigrants with little formal education. But over the long term, most of Arizonas Latino citizens remain ill-prepared to prosper in an increasingly demanding knowledge economy. For the reason,
8、 the educational uplift of Arizonas huge Latino population must move to the center of the states agenda. After all, the education deficits of Arizonas Latino population will severely cramp the fortunes of hardworking people if they go unaddressed and could well undercut the states ability to compete
9、 in the new economy. At the entry level, slower growth rates may create more competition for low-skill jobs, displacing Latinos from a significant means of support. At the higher end, shortages of Latinos educationally ready to move up will make it that much harder for Knowledge-based companies staf
10、f high-skill positions.（分数：20.00）(1).The Latino population is changing Arizonas _.（分数：4.00）A.aging problemB.educational systemC.economic structureD.financial deficits(2).What can be inferred from the third paragraph?（分数：4.00）A.The Latino population in Arizona is made up of Hispanics and Mexican-Amer
11、icans.B.The first-generation Latinos are immigrants instead of being born in America.C.70 percent of the first-generation Latinos had less schooling than nine years.D.The educational system used to be in favor of the non-Hispanic Whites.(3).educational deficits (Para. 4) most probably means that _.（
12、分数：4.00）A.the state did not put much money into educationB.many Latinos are too poor to obtain educationC.education is not a profitable enterpriseD.many Latinos are not well-educated(4).According to the author, Arizona should give highest priority to _.（分数：4.00）A.controlling the Latino populationB.e
13、nhancing the educational level of the Latino populationC.improving the knowledge-based economyD.building the Latino population into hardworking and skilled workforce(5).It is implied that, in the long run, most Latinos in Arizona will _.（分数：4.00）A.be joblessB.be badly-paidC.do low-skill jobsD.do hig
14、h-skill jobs三、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Sex prejudices are based on and justified by the ideology that biology is destiny. According to the ideology, basic biological and psychological differences exist between the sexes. These differences require each sex to play a separate role in social life. Wome
15、n are the weaker sexboth physically and emotionally. Thus, they are naturally suited much more so than men, to the performance of domestic duties. A womans place, under normal circumstances, is within the protective environment of the home. Nature has determined that women play care-taker roles, suc
16、h as wife and mother and homemaker. On the other hand men are best suited to go out into the competitive world of work and politics, where serious responsibilities must be taken on. Men are to be the providers; women and children are dependents. The idea also holds that women who wish to work outsid
17、e the household should naturally fill these jobs that are in line with the special capabilities of their sex. It is thus appropriate for women, not men, to be employed as nurses, social workers, elementary school teachers, household helpers, and clerks and secretaries. These positions are simply an
18、extension of womens domestic role. Informal distinctions between womens work and mens work in the labor force, according to the ideology, are simply a functional reflection of the basic differences between the sexes. Finally, the ideology suggests that nature has worked her will in another significa
19、nt way. For the human species to survive over time, its members must regularly reproduce. Thus, women must, whether at home or in the labor force, make the most of their physical appearance. So goes the ideology. It is, of course, not true that basic biological and psychological differences between
20、the sexes require each to play sex-defined roles in social life. There is much evidence that sex roles vary from society to society, and those role differences that do exist are largely learned. But to the degree people actually believe that biology is destiny and that nature intended for men and wo
21、men to make different contributions to society, sex-defined roles will be seen as totally acceptable.（分数：20.00）(1).Biology is destiny in the first sentence means that _.（分数：4.00）A.biological differences determine sex rolesB.ones sex is determined before his/her birthC.human cannot control their own
22、fateD.human beings cant change their sex(2).Jobs such as nursing and teaching are considered suitable for women because _.（分数：4.00）A.women are physically and emotionally weakerB.men are not suited for such jobsC.such jobs grow out of their position in the homeD.distinctions are made between womens w
23、ork and mens work(3).The author most probably believes role differences exist because _.（分数：4.00）A.there are biological and psychological differences between the sexesB.men and women can make different contributions to societyC.men and women must survive in cooperationD.men and women acquire them fr
24、om their cultures(4).Which of the following can sum up the main idea of the whole passage?（分数：4.00）A.Is Biology Destiny?B.An Important Ideology.C.Differences between the Sexes.D.Sex Roles.(5).The author looks at sex-defined roles with _.（分数：4.00）A.enthusiastic approvalB.partial acceptanceC.strong di
25、sagreementD.bitter criticism四、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A study has been conducted on public opinion on the use of animals in research. Most7 in 10Swedes indicate that the use of animals in research is acceptable for medical research aimed at finding cures for diseases. Young people are most negative
26、. The findings indicate that although most people spontaneously think of medical research when they hear the term animal experiments, many respondents also associate it with makeup and hygiene products. 3 in 10 respondents believe that cosmetics are tested on animals in Sweden, even though this has
27、been banned since 2004. Among the 30% of respondents who find animal experiments to be unacceptable in medical research aimed at finding cures for disease, nearly one third respond that some animal experiments could, nevertheless, be acceptable in certain situations. The survey shows that 7 in 10 Sw
28、edes can accept the use of animals in medical research if its aim is to acquire more knowledge about diseases and how they can be prevented and cured. This ratio is the same as that reported in a 1992 study, when attitudes of Swedes towards laboratory animals were last measured. Vetenskap & Allm ? n
29、het (Public and Science) has conducted the study on behalf of the Swedish Research Council. The opinion survey describes how the public views the use of laboratory animals, both in general and in relation to medical objectives. A sample including just over 1000 individuals representing the national
30、Swedish population aged 16 years and older was surveyed in January 2008. Some of the questions were given only to part of the group.（分数：15.00）(1).Which statement is true, concerned about the study?（分数：5.00）A.The study was convincing enough because one thousand respondents were involved.B.About 80 pe
31、rcent of the respondents accepted animal use in lab to a varying degree.C.Animals are mainly used in medical and cosmetics research.D.Swedish researchers have carried out two such studies so far.(2).The study may most probably indicate that _ towards animal use in lab.（分数：5.00）A.young peoples attitu
32、des have changed radicallyB.the elderlys attitudes differ most remarkablyC.peoples attitudes have remained unalteredD.Swedes attitudes vary with the age(3).Vetenskap & Allm ? nhet carried out the study _.（分数：5.00）A.for a commercial purposeB.for the benefit of animalsC.on the public consensusD.as a m
33、edical research五、Passage 4(总题数：1，分数：20.00)People traveling long distances frequently have to decide whether they would prefer to go by land, sea, or air. Hardly can anyone positively enjoy sitting in a train for more than a few hours. Train compartments soon get cramped and stuffy. Reading is only a
34、 partial solution, for the monotonous rhythm of the wheels clicking on the rails soon lulls you to sleep. During the day, sleep comes in snatches. At night, when you really wish to go to sleep you rarely manage to do so. Inevitably you arrive at your destination almost exhausted. Long car journey ar
35、e even less pleasant, for it is quite impossible even to read. On motorways you can, at least, travel fairly safely at high speeds, but more often than not, the greater part of the journey is spent on narrow, bumpy roads which are crowded with traffic. By comparison, trips by sea offer a great varie
36、ty of civilized comforts. You can stretch your legs on the spacious decks, play games, swim, meet interesting people and enjoy good foodalways assuming, of course, that the sea is calm. If it is not, and you are likely to get seasick; no form of transport could be worse. Even if you travel in ideal
37、weather, sea journeys take a long time. Relatively few people are prepared to sacrifice up to a third of their holidays for the pleasure of traveling on a ship. Airplanes have the reputation of being dangerous and expensive. But nothing can match them for speed and comfort. Traveling at a height of
38、30,000 feet, far above the clouds, and at over 500 miles an hour is an exhilarating experience. For a few hours, you settle back in a deep armchair to enjoy the flight. The real escapist can watch a free film show and sip champagne on some services. But even when such refinements are not available,
39、there is plenty to keep you occupied. An airplane offers you an unusual and breathtaking view of the world. You soar effortlessly over high mountains and deep valleys. You really see the shape of the land. If the landscape is hidden from the view, you can enjoy the extraordinary sight of unbroken cl
40、oud plains that stretch out for miles before you, while the sun shines brilliantly in a clear sky. The journey is so smooth that there is nothing to prevent you from reading or sleeping. However you decide to spend your time, one thing is certain: you will arrive at your destination flesh and uncrum
41、pled.（分数：20.00）(1).The author indicates that reading can help lessen _.（分数：4.00）A.the boredom of being in the trainB.the tiresome clicking of the wheelsC.the sleeplessness during the journeyD.the poor ventilation of the compartment(2).What can we learn about the long distance journey by car?（分数：4.00
42、）A.It is safe because the car usually goes at high speeds.B.It is monotonous because reading is quite impossible.C.It is exhausting because you seldom manage to sleep.D.It is dangerous because the traffic is always too dense.(3).Trips by sea is regarded as the worst means of traveling when _.（分数：4.0
43、0）A.the weather is terribleB.the traveler has little timeC.the traveler feels seasickD.the sea is not calm(4).What is the greatest difference between traveling by air and the other means of traveling?（分数：4.00）A.Traveling by air is not so tiring as the others.B.Traveling by air brings more fun than t
44、he others.C.Traveling by air is much more expensive than the others.D.Traveling by air offers more time for sleep than the others.(5).By writing the passage, the author intends to _.（分数：4.00）A.introduce diverse ways of travelingB.points out the best mode of travelingC.emphasize the advantages of tra
45、veling by airD.compare the means of relaxing when traveling六、Passage 5(总题数：1，分数：25.00)European countries have been carefully watching the violence that exploded across France, worried that their vehicles and buildings may be the next to burn. For decades, countries across the region have been trying
46、 to integrate waves of immigrants and their offspring, none of them completely successfully. From Paris, Lisa Bryant has more on Europes integration struggle, and the possibility that unrest in France may spread. The images of smoldering cars and destroyed buildings in France have made the front pag
47、es of newspapers from Brussels to Berlin, ever since the violence exploded two weeks ago from the Paris-area suburb of Clichy-sous-Bois. As clashes and arson attacks, largely staged by young people of African and North African descent, spread to other parts of France, many Europeans have come to the
48、 conclusion that Frances integration model has failed. But as France goes up in flames, some fear other parts of Europe may be the next to burn. Earlier this week, Belgium and Germany reported copycat arson attacks in their countries. But immigration experts, like Han Entzinger, doubts the unrest still roiling France will spread to other parts of Europe. At least not right now. Of course this is a question which is preoccupying people all over Europe, but I still think the l
