1、专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 59及答案与解析 0 This month shops in the UK will begin to phase out traditional tungsten bulbs as part of a government plan to replace them completely by 2011 and save 5m tons of carbon emissions a year. However the current crop of low energy light bulbs are coming under criticism for causi
2、ng skin complaints and migraines, releasing Mercury into the environment on disposal and not being as energy efficient as new LED equivalents. A typical low energy light bulb is said to contain between six and eight miligrammes of mercury. If one is smashed in a home the room should be vacated for a
3、t least 15 minutes, the bulb cleared wearing rubber gloves, put in a sealed plastic bag and taken to the local council for disposal. Unbroken bulbs can also be taken back to the retailer if the owner is a member of the Distributor Takeback Scheme. Greenpeace has called for a public information campa
4、ign to advise people how to dispose of low energy light bulbs safely, arguing that “Rather than being worried about the mercury these light bulbs contain, the general public should be reassured that using them will actually reduce the amount of mercury overall in our atmosphere.“ Further health conc
5、erns have come from the bulbs exacerbating of skin conditions in the estimated 100,000 people in the UK with photosensitive skin including suffers of lupus, Xeroderma Pigmentation, eczema and dermatitis. There have also been claims that the bulbs cause migraines, affect ME suffers and increase the r
6、isk of seizures in people with epilepsy and a growing number of charities including Spectrum and the British Association of Dermatologists are calling for exemptions to allow those affected to continue using traditional bulbs. But perhaps the biggest threat to me traditional energy saving light bulb
7、 comes from a new type of Light Emitting Diode(LED)developed by Glasgow and Strathclyde Universities. LEDs use less power than energy efficient light bulbs currently available but have not historically been powerful enough to be cheaply produced for the mass market. The Scottish scientists have over
8、come this by decreasing the costs and increasing the speed of Nano-imprint lithography, the process of putting microscopic holes in the LEDs to make them brighter, and suitable for home use. Dr. Faiz Rahman, who is leading the project, said: “This means the days of the humble light bulbs could soon
9、be over.“ 1 The traditional tungsten bulbs have been criticized for （ A） releasing carbon into the environment. （ B） resulting in chronic diseases. （ C） being not as energy efficient as they were claimed. （ D） causing heavy-metal pollution into the environment. 2 What is the most important measure t
10、o take when a low energy light bulb is smashed at home? （ A） Make sure that the right tool is used to dispose of its remains. （ B） Make sure that nobody has direct contact with its remains. （ C） Make sure that its remains are taken to an authorized disposal unit. （ D） Make sure that the environment
11、is not polluted by its remains. 3 Greenpeace appears to be _ the use of low energy light bulbs. （ A） hopeful about （ B） irritated with （ C） supportive about （ D） dissatisfied with 4 The British Association of Dermatologists may acknowledge that the low energy light bulbs （ A） are not as effective as
12、 traditional light bulbs. （ B） produce negative influences on our body. （ C） should not be marketed to a large scale. （ D） should not be imposed on patients. 5 Dr. Faiz Rahman is confident that people in the future will （ A） be impressed by their research of light bulbs. （ B） realize the setbacks of
13、 humble light bulbs. （ C） find the advantages of LEDs. （ D） eventually use LEDs for lighting. 5 Ricci, 45, is now striking out on perhaps his boldest venture yet. He plans to market an English-language edition of his elegant monthly magazine, FMR, in the United States. Once again the skeptics are mu
14、rmuring that the successful Ricci has headed for a big fall. And once again Ricci intends to prove them wrong. Ricci is so confident that he has christened his quest “Operation Columbus“ and has set his sights on discovering an American readership of 300,000. That goal may not be too far-fetched. Th
15、e Italian edition of FMR the initials, of course, stand for Franco Maria Ricci is only 18 months old. But it is already the second largest art magazine in the world, with a circulation of 65,000 and a profit margin of US$500,000. The American edition will be patterned after the Italian version, with
16、 each 160-page issue carrying only 40 pages of ads and no more than five articles. But the contents will often differ. The English-language edition will include more American works, Ricci says, to help Americans get over “an inferiority complex about their art.“ He also hopes that the magazine will
17、become a vehicle for a two-way cultural exchange what he likes to think of as a marriage of brains, culture and taste from both sides of the Atlantic. To realize this vision, Ricci is mounting one of the most lavish, enterprising and expensive promotional campaigns in magazine-publishing history. Be
18、tween November and January, eight jumbo jets will fly 8 million copies of a sample 16-page edition of FMR across the Atlantic. From a warehouse in Michigan, 6.5 million copies will be mailed to American subscribers of various cultural, art and business magazines. Some of the remaining copies will ci
19、rculate as a special Sunday supplement in the New York Times. The cost of launching Operation Columbus is a staggering US$5 million, but Ricci is hoping that 60% of the price tag will be financed by Italian corporation. “To land in America Columbus had to use Spanish sponsor,“ reads one sentence in
20、his promotional pamphlet. “We would like Italians.“ Like Columbus, Ricci cannot know what his reception will be on foreign shores. In Italy he gambled and won on a simple concept: it is more important to show art than to write about. Hence, one issue of FMR might feature 32 full-color pages of 17th-
21、century tapestries, followed by 14 pages of outrageous eyeglasses. He is gambling that the concept is exportable. 6 Naming his quest “Operation Columbus“, Ricci is confident that （ A） he will be as influential as Columbus. （ B） he will open up the American market. （ C） the Americans will associate h
22、is magazine with adventurous pioneers. （ D） his magazine will be as memorable as Columbus discovery of America. 7 What does the author think about Riccis marketing the American edition of FMR? （ A） The American history makes it hopeful for the goal to fulfill. （ B） The fulfillment of the goal lies i
23、n Riccis marketing strategy. （ C） Ricci still has a long way to go before he fulfills the goal. （ D） It is quite possible and feasible for Ricci to fulfill the goal. 8 What is the main content of Riccis magazine FMR? （ A） Articles on culture, art and business. （ B） Articles and pictures about fashio
24、n. （ C） Pictures of works of art. （ D） Pictures of trendy items. 9 The copies of the sample edition of FMR will be distributed to （ A） magazine and newspaper readers. （ B） well-educated periodical subscribers. （ C） households in direct mails. （ D） downtown passers-by. 10 Ricci tries to persuade the
25、Italian corporations to help by （ A） including them in Operation Columbus. （ B） showing them the staggering price tag. （ C） comparing them to the Spanish sponsor. （ D） arousing passionate patriotism in them. 10 According to historical evidence, the Chinese have used chopsticks since the time of the
26、Shang Dynasty(ca 1766-1066 BCE). The first sticks used as eating utensils were twigs that the hungriest eaters used to scoop food into their mouths. This invention obviously brought added convenience to eating as the sticks made it easier to handle steaming hot food. The same ingenious idea was undo
27、ubtedly conceived in other parts of the world as well, but evidence shows that elsewhere spoon-like utensils eventually achieved greater popularity at the expense of chopsticks. The reason why chopsticks became a fixture of the Chinese table setting may be the fact that local food is often chopped u
28、p into small pieces and only rapidly heated, which makes it especially suitable for chopsticks. Another more philosophical explanation for the development is that the revered philosopher and vegetarian Kong Zi, or Confucius, would have had antipathies towards handling knives at the dinner table. He
29、considered using knives to tear at food to be a show of barbarism. According to this theory then, the fact that chopsticks became the main eating utensils is evidence that civilized behavior gradually replaced a culture marked by brutish knife toting. Whatever the truth may be, the use of chopsticks
30、 spread from China to Korea and Japan around the year 500. And the populations of these three nations have tightly held on to their chopsticks ever since. Chopsticks are mainly made out of wood or bamboo, but some are also made from jade, ivory, silver, steel and nowadays even plastic. Sticks made f
31、rom bamboo have the advantage of being cheap and their surface is naturally slightly coarse, which makes it easier to balance food on them. On the other hand, these materials tend to warp and break quite easily in use, which makes a strong case for favoring chopsticks made of metal, except for the f
32、act that they are very slippery and tend to clank against the teeth quite annoyingly. Legend has it that Chinese emperors used to prefer silver chopsticks because the material reacted to poisons that assassins put in food by turning black. Food etiquette in China is significantly more tolerant than
33、in Japan or Korea. The Chinese consider it to be completely polite to raise a bowl to ones lips, at least in ones home, and scoop food over the rim into the mouth with the help of chopsticks. The Chinese prefer to cook their rice quite sticky, so it is not as difficult as one might think to eat it w
34、ith chopsticks. Noodle soup is also another delicacy that is eaten, true to Chinese style, quite flexibly but noisily with chopsticks. The only absolute taboo regarding chopsticks is that they should never be left to stand in the middle of a heap of rice in a bowl as this evokes food offerings and i
35、ncense sticks. Disposable chopsticks were invented at the end of the 19th century, and they soon became a hit product throughout Asia. Today, the fad for using disposable chopsticks has become a significant environmental problem, as about 45 billion pairs of them are used annually in China alone. Pr
36、oducing such a huge amount of chopsticks requires 1.7 million cubic meters of wood. Last year, the central government added a five percent tax to disposable chopsticks to help curb waste. 11 What is true about the development of spoon-like utensils in other parts of the world? （ A） Spoon-like utensi
37、ls were developed on the base of chopsticks. （ B） Spoon-like utensils were invented instead of chopsticks. （ C） Spoon-like utensils completely took the place of chopsticks. （ D） Spoon-like utensils and chopsticks used to coexist for a long time. 12 According to Confucius, _ people should use chopsti
38、cks instead of knives. （ A） philosophical （ B） vegetarian （ C） cultivated （ D） graceful 13 What is true about the comparison between bamboo chopsticks and metal ones? （ A） Metal chopsticks are more durable than bamboo ones. （ B） Metal chopsticks appear more delicate than bamboo ones. （ C） Metal chop
39、sticks cause more annoyance than bamboo ones. （ D） Metal chopsticks are more convenient in use man bamboo ones. 14 According to Chinese emperors, silver chopsticks can be compared to （ A） a predictor. （ B） an indicator. （ C） a defensive weapon. （ D） an effective remedy. 15 Japanese may most probably
40、 consider erecting chopsticks in the middle of a heap of rice in a bowl （ A） sacred. （ B） ominous. （ C） uncivilized. （ D） disrespectful. 15 Many parents are hard pressed to explain to their youth why some music, movies, books, and magazines are not acceptable material for them to bring into the home
41、 or to listen to or see. One parent came up with an original idea that is hard to refute. The father listened to all the reasons his children gave for wanting to see a particular “R“ Rated movie. It had their favorite actors. Everyone else was seeing it. Even church members said it was great. It was
42、 only rated “R“ because of the suggestion of sex. They never really showed it. The language was pretty good. The Lords name was only used in vain three times in the whole movie. The teens did admit there was a scene where a building and a bunch of people were blown up, but the violence was just the
43、normal stuff. It wasnt too bad. Even if there were a few minor things, the special effects were fabulous and the plot was action packed. However, even with all the justifications the teens made for the “R“ rating, the father still wouldnt give in. He didnt even give his children a satisfactory expla
44、nation for saying, “No.“ He just said, “No! “ A little later on that evening the father asked his teens if they would like some brownies he had baked. He explained that hed taken the familys favorite recipe and added a little something new. The children asked what it was. The father calmly replied t
45、hat he had added dog poop. However, he quickly assured them, it was only a little bit. All other ingredients were gourmet quality and he had taken great care to bake the brownies at the precise temperature for the exact time. He was sure the brownies would be superb. Even with their fathers promise
46、that the brownies were of almost perfect quality, the teens would not take any. The father acted surprised. After all, it was only one small part that was causing them to be so stubborn. He was certain they would hardly notice it. Still the teens held firm and would not try the brownies. The father
47、then told his children how the movie they wanted to see was just like the brownies. Our minds are tricking us into believing that just a little bit of evil wont matter. But, the truth is even a little bit of poop makes the difference between a great treat and something disgusting and totally unaccep
48、table. The father went on to explain that even though the movie industry would have us believe that most of todays movies are acceptable fare for adults and youth, they are not. Now when this fathers children want to do something or see something they should not, the father merely asks them if they
49、would like some of his special brownies. and they never ask about that activity again. 16 Lords name should be used _ in a film. （ A） with reverence （ B） no more than three times （ C） to suggest glory （ D） in direct relation to the theme 17 The children believed that their father could accept （ A） sex being shown in the movie. （ B） buildings being exploded in the movie. （ C） Lords name not being used in the movie. （ D） their favorite actors not being in the movie. 18 The father primarily tried to convince his children by （ A） cooking a delicious me
