1、考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷 59及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 0 To us it seems so natural to put up an umbrella to keep the water off when it rains. But actually the umbrella was not invented as protection against rain. Its first use was as a shade against the sun. Nobody knows who first invented it, but the umb
2、rella was used in very ancient times. Probably the first to use it were the Chinese, way back in the eleventh century B.C. We know that the umbrella was used in ancient Egypt and Babylon as a sunshade. And there was a strange thing connected with its use: it became a symbol of honor and authority. I
3、n the Far East in ancient times, the umbrella was allowed to be used only by royalty or by those in high offices. In Europe, the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sunshade. And the umbrella was in common use in ancient Greece. But it is believed that the first persons in Europe to use t
4、he umbrella as protection against rain were the ancient Romans. During the Middle Ages, the use of the umbrella practically disappeared. Then it appeared again in Italy in the late sixteenth century. And again it was considered a symbol of power and authority. By 1680, the umbrella appeared in Franc
5、e and later on in England. By the eighteenth century, the umbrella was used against rain throughout most of Europe. Umbrellas have not changed much in style during all this time, though they have become much lighter in weight. It wasnt until the twentieth century that womens umbrellas began to be ma
6、de in a whole variety of colors. 1 The first use of umbrella was as_. （ A） protection against rain （ B） a shade against the sun （ C） a symbol of power （ D） a symbol of honor 2 _were the people who first used umbrellas. （ A） Chinese （ B） Romans （ C） Greeks （ D） Egyptians 3 The umbrella was used only
7、by royalty or by those in high offices_. （ A） in Europe in the 18th century （ B） in ancient Egypt and Babylon （ C） in the Far East in ancient times （ D） during the Middle Ages 4 According to the passage, which of the following is not true? （ A） Women enjoy using umbrellas with varied kinds of colors
8、 nowadays. （ B） The inventor of the umbrella is unknown. （ C） Once ordinary people had no right to use umbrellas. （ D） Umbrellas were popular and cheap in ancient times. 5 Which of the following is the best title of the passage? （ A） When Was the Umbrella Invented? （ B） The History of Umbrella （ C）
9、Umbrella A Symbol of Honor （ D） Who Used Umbrella First? 5 Adam Smith, writing in the 1770s, was the first person to see the importance of the division of labor and to explain part of its advantages. He gives as an example the process by which pins were made in England. “One man draws out the wire;
10、another strengthens it; a third cuts it; a fourth points it; a fifth grinds it at the top to prepare it to receive the head. To make the head requires two or three operations. To put it on is a separate operation, to polish the pins is another. And the important business of making pins is, in this m
11、anner, divided into about eighteen operations, which in some factories are all performed by different people, though in others the same man will sometimes perform two or three of them.“ Ten men, Smith said, in this way, turned out twelve pounds of pins a day or about 4,800 pins per worker. But if al
12、l of them had worked separately and independently without division of labor, none of them could have made twenty pins in a day and perhaps not even one. There can be no doubt that division of labor is an efficient way of organizing work. Fewer people can make more pins. Adam Smith saw this but he al
13、so took it for granted that division of labor is in itself responsible for economic growth and development and that it accounts for the difference between expanding economies and those that stand still. But division of labor adds nothing new; it only enables people to produce more of what they alrea
14、dy have. 6 According to the passage, Adam Smith was the first person to_. （ A） take advantage of the division of labor （ B） introduce the division of labor into England （ C） understand the effects of the division of labor （ D） explain the causes of the division of labor 7 Adam Smith saw that the div
15、ision of labor_. （ A） enabled each worker to make pins more quickly and more cheaply （ B） increased the possible output per worker （ C） increased the number of people employed in factories （ D） improved the quality of pins produced 8 Adam Smith mentioned the number 4,800 in order to_. （ A） show the
16、advantages of the division of labor （ B） show the advantages of the old craft system （ C） emphasize how powerful the individual worker was （ D） emphasize the importance of increased production 9 According to the writer, Adam Smiths mistake was in believing that division of labor_. （ A） was an effici
17、ent way of organizing work （ B） was an important development in methods of production （ C） certainly led to economic development （ D） increased the production of existing goods 10 Which of the following could serve as an appropriate title for the passage? （ A） Adam Smith, the English Economist （ B）
18、The Theory of Division of Labor （ C） Division of Labor, an Efficient Way of Organizing Work （ D） Adam Smith, the Last Discoverer of Division of Labor 10 In the United States, it is not customary to telephone someone very early in the morning. If you telephone him early in the day, while he is shavin
19、g or having breakfast, the time of the call shows that the matter is very important and requires immediate attention. The same meaning is attached to telephone calls made after 11:00 p.m If someone receives a call during sleeping hours, he assumes its a matter of life and death. The time chosen for
20、the call communicates its importance. In social life, time plays a very important part. In the U.S.A., guests tend to feel they are not highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date. But it is not true in all countries. In other areas o
21、f the world it may be considered foolish to make an appointment too far in advance because plans which are made for a date more than a week away tend to be forgotten. The meaning of time differs in different parts of the world. Thus, misunderstandings arise between people from cultures that treat ti
22、me differently; promptness is valued highly in American life, for example. If people are not prompt, they may be regarded as impolite or not fully responsible. In the U.S. no one would think of keeping a business friend waiting for an hour; it would be too impolite. A person who is 5 minutes late is
23、 expected to make a short apology. If he is less than 5 minutes late, he will say a few words of explanation, though perhaps he will not complete the sentence. 11 “The same meaning is attached to telephone calls made after 11:00 p.m.“. Here “attached“ means_. （ A） taken （ B） drawn （ C） given （ D） sh
24、own 12 Supposing one wants to make a telephone call at midnight, this would mean_. （ A） the matter is less important （ B） the matter is somewhat important （ C） the matter requires immediate attention （ D） it is a matter of life and death 13 According to this passage, time plays an important role in_
25、. （ A） everyday life （ B） private life （ C） communications （ D） transmission 14 The best title for this passage is_. （ A） The Voices of Time （ B） The Saving of Time （ C） The Importance of an Announcement （ D） Time and Tide Wait for No Man 15 According to the passage, the author of the article may ag
26、ree with which of the follow statements? （ A） It is appropriate to send your invitation cards three of four days before a dinner party date in the U.S （ B） It may be appropriate to send your invitation cards to your guests three or four days before a dinner party date in some cultures. （ C） It is be
27、st for one to make telephone calls at night because it costs much less. （ D） If one is less than 5 minutes late, he has to make a short apology. 15 The United States is a country made up of many different races. Usually they are mixed together and cant be told from one another. But many of them stil
28、l talk about where their ancestors came from. It is something they are proud of. The original Americans, of course were the Indians. The so-called white men who then came were mostly from England. But many came from other countries like Germany and France. One problem the United States has always ha
29、d is discrimination. As new groups came to the United States they found they were discriminated against. First it was the Irish and Italians. Later it was the blacks. Almost every group has been able to finally escape this discrimination. The only immigrants who have not are the blacks. Surprisingly
30、 enough the worst discrimination today is shown towards the Indians. One reason the Indians are discriminated against is that they have tried so hard to keep their identity. Of course they are not the only ones who have done so. The Japanese have their Little Tokyo in Los Angeles and the Chinese a C
31、hinatown in New York. The Dutch settlement in Pennsylvania also stays separate from other people. Their towns are like something from the 19th century. They have a different reason from the other groups for staying separately. They live separately for religious reasons rather than keep together in a
32、 racial group. Although some groups have kept themselves separate and others have been discriminated against, all groups have helped make the United States a great county. There is no group that has not helped in some way. And there is no group that can say they have done the most to make it a great
33、 country. Many people still come from other countries to help the United States grow. A good example is the American project that let a man walk on the moon. It was a scientist from Germany who was most responsible for doing that. It is certain that in the future the United States will still need th
34、e help of people from all racial groups to remain a great country. 16 Which of the following statements can best describe the main idea of this passage? （ A） The United States is a country made up of many different races. （ B） Discrimination is the most serious problem in the United States. （ C） All
35、 races in the United States have helped make the country a great one. （ D） The prosperity of the United States is mainly due to the hard work of the most discriminated races. 17 In the first paragraph the word “told“ means_. （ A） separated （ B） distinguished （ C） revealed （ D） made known 18 This pas
36、sage implies that discrimination is a problem which_. （ A） many races in the United States have experienced （ B） will still be very serious in the United States in the future （ C） has already been solved in the United States （ D） is strongly opposed by many different races in the United States 19 Th
37、e main reason why the Indians are most discriminated against is that_. （ A） they have tried hard to keep their religions （ B） they have tried hard to live together to keep their Indian customs （ C） they are the only ones who have tried to keep their identity （ D） they discriminate many other races 2
38、0 The Dutch live separately in Pennsylvania_. （ A） to escape discrimination （ B） to keep together in a racial group （ C） to enjoy themselves in their own towns （ D） for religious reasons 考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷 59答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 【知识模块】 阅读理解 1 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题的依据是第 1段的最后一句话 Its first use was
39、a shade against the sun。因此 B项为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 2 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题的依据是文章第 2段的最后一句话 Probably the first to use it were theChinese，因此 A项为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 3 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题的依据是文章第 3段的最后一句话： In the Far East in ancient times， the umbrella was allowed to be used only by royalty or by those in high of
40、fices。因此 C项为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 4 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 综观全文，只有 D项文中并未提及，因此 D项是正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 5 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 从文中内容可知，作者是在按照时间顺序讲述伞的历史，因此 B项是正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 【知识模块】 阅读理解 6 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题的依据是文章第 1段的第 1句话 was the first person to see the importance ofthe division of labor and to explain part of its a
41、dvantages。 C项中的 understand等于原文中的 see，因此 C项为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 7 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题可参照文章的第 3段。从中可知，通过分工合作工人们能极大地提高产量。因此正确答案为 B项。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 8 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题可参照此句的下一句 without division of labor,none of them could have madetwenty pins in a day and perhaps not even one。从中可知，作者用这一数字显示分工的优越性。因此 A项为正确答案
42、。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 9 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题的依据是文章最后一段的第 3句话 Adam Smith saw this but he also took it forgranted that和文章的最后一句 But division of labor adds nothing new； it only enables people toproduce more ofwhat they already have。因此 C项是正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 10 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 从文中内容可知， A项不够全面，作者并非是在介绍这位经济学家。 B项不适合，文
43、章主要是讲分工，但重点不在理论研究方面，而是用实例说明分工怎样提高了劳动效率。 D项是明显错误的，因为文章说 Adam Smith是第一个提出分工理论的人，而不是最后一个。因此 C项是正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 【知识模块】 阅读理解 11 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 attached to 的意思是 “把 给予 ，归于 ”，因此 C项为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 12 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题的依据是文章第 1段的倒数第 2句话 If someone receiyes a call during sleeping hours， he assumes its a
44、 matter of life and death。从中可知，正确答案为 D项。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 13 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 通览全篇，都是在说明电话沟通和面谈时时间的重要性问题，可知本题 的正确答案为 C项。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 14 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 从文中内容可知，作者是在讲时间的含义。 voice此处是 “meaning”的意思，因此 A项为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 15 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题的依据是第 2段的第 4句话 In other areas of the worldtend to be forgotten，从中可知
45、 B项是正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 【知识模块】 阅读理解 16 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题可参照文章的第 5段。从中可知，美国所有的种族都为建设美国做出了贡献，体现了文章的中心思想，因此 C项为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 17 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 文中原句是 Usually they are mixed together and cant be told from one another。 told是 tell的过去分词，常与 can， could， be able to连用，意思是“辨别，分辨，认出 ”。因此 B项为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读理解
46、18 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题的依据是文中第 3段的 As new groups came to the United States they found theywere discriminated against。 FirstLaterAlmost every group has been able to finally escape thisdiscrimination。因此 A是正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 19 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本 题的依据是第 4段的第 1、 2句话 One reason the Indians are discriminated
47、againstis that they have tried so hard to keep their identity Of course they are not the only ones who havedone so，从中可知 C项为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 20 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题的依据是第 4段的最后一句话： They live separately for religious reasons ratherthan keep together in a racial group。从中可知，荷兰人自成一体是出于宗教的原因，因此 D项为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读理解
