1、专业英语四级-63及答案解析 (总分：101.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、READING COMPREHENSIO(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Passage A(总题数：1，分数：21.00)A blind baby is doubly handicapped. Not only is it unable to see, but because it cannot receive the visual stimulus from its environment that a sighted child does, it is likely to be slow in intellect
2、ual development. Now the ten-month old son of Dr. and Mrs. Dennis Daughters is the subject of an unusual psychological experiment designed to prevent a lag in the learning process. With the aid of a sonar-type electronic that he wears on his head, infant Dennis is learning to identify the people and
3、 objects in the world around him by means of echoes. The device is a refinement of the Sonicguide, an instrument produced by Telesensory Systems, Inc., of Palo Alto, Calif., and used by blind adults in addition to a sane or guide dog. As adapted for Dennis, it consists of a battery-powered system ab
4、out the size of a half dollar that is on a headgear. A transmitter emits an ultrasonic pulse that creates an 80 degree cone of sound at 6 feet. Echoes from objects within the cone are perceived as sounds that vary in pitch and volume with the size and distance of the object. The closer an object is,
5、 the lower the pitch, and the larger the object, the louder the signal. Hard surfaces produce a sharp ping, while soft ones send back signals with a slightly fuzzy quality. An object slightly to the fight of Dennys sends back a louder sound to his right ear than to the left. Thus, by simply moving h
6、is head right and left and up and down, he can not only locate an object but also get some notion of its shape and size, thanks to the varying qualities of sounds reaching his ears as the cone of ultrasound passes its edges . Dennis likes to use the device to play a kind of peek-a-boo with his mothe
7、r. Standing on her knee and facing her directly, he receives a strong signal in both ears. By turning his head away, he makes her seem to disappear. From the first time he wore it, says Mrs. Daughters, it was like a light going on in his head. What remains to be determined is how well the device wil
8、l help Dennis cope with his surroundings as he begins to walk and venture further into his environment. Meanwhile, Telesensory, Inc. is working on the development of sonar device with somewhat the same sensitivity as Denniss for use by school-age children.（分数：21.00）(1).Dr. and Mrs. Daughters researc
9、h is directed to _.（分数：4.20）A.helping the blind to see and learn as well as othersB.facilitating the learning process of blind childrenC.solving blind childrens psychological problemsD.finding out how children develop intellectually(2).Infant Dennis becomes the subject of the experiment most probabl
10、y because _.（分数：4.20）A.he already lags behind the sighted childrenB.he leads a life as normal as any other childrenC.he is at the early stage of the learning processD.he has the aid of a sonar-type electronic device(3).What can we learn about infant Dennis device?（分数：4.20）A.Its prototype was designe
11、d for blind adults.B.Its battery is as small as a half-dollar coin.C.It is functionally similar to a sane and guide dog.D.It has been improved by Telesensory Systems, Inc.(4).In the 7th line of the third paragraph, its edge refers to _.（分数：4.20）A.the edge of an objectB.the edge of the deviceC.the bo
12、undary of Dennis movementD.the boundary of the sound pitch(5).What is Telesensory Systems, Inc. most likely to think about infant Dennis device?（分数：4.20）A.It had better be used by blind children from school age.B.It needs improving for use in a complicated environment.C.It may not be so suitable for
13、 the blind adults.D.It benefits blind children in terms of learning.三、Pasasge 2(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Northern lights is the name of a light phenomenon often seen in the northern regions. The lights have been around since Earth formed an atmospherethe dinosaurs saw it, early humans saw it and our descendan
14、ts will see it. The scientific name for the phenomenon is Aurora Borealis, aurora for short. An aurora is a sporadic, generally faint, atmospheric phenomenon usually seen in the night sky from locations at high latitudes. More commonly known as the northern lights, it may first appear as a faint, mi
15、lky glow low in the north, too dim for the human eye to detect any color but bright enough to silhouette clouds near the horizon. It may develop into steady greenish arcs or form glaring, swirling curtains of yellow-green light. During the most dramatic displays visible from regions at middle latitu
16、des, such as central Europe and the United States, a crimson glow fills much of the sky. It was this form that inspired European scientists of the 1600s to call the phenomenon aurora borealis, literally northern dawn, but it also occurs at high southern latitudes, where it is formally called aurora
17、australis, southern dawn. The same processes are at work in both hemispheresnot just on Earth, but on other planets as welland today, scientists simply refer to this phenomenon as an aurora. The ghostly forms of an aurora include quiescent patches, veils, and arcs, and rapidly moving rays and curtai
18、ns. Many historical accounts of the northern lights from areas far south of its usual location exist. An early Chinese record describes it as a red cloud spreading all over the sky. The Roman philosopher Seneca wrote that an aurora in A.D. 37 tricked the emperor into sending troops to aid what he th
19、ought was the burning seaport of Ostia, when the glowing of the sky lasted through a great part of the night, shining dimly like a vast and smoking fire. In 1583, similar fires in the air mobilized thousands of French pilgrims, who prayed to avert the wrath of God. On September 15, 1839, an intense
20、aurora dispatched firefighters throughout London. What causes the showers of charged particles that create the northern lights? Ultimately, the source lies in the solar wind, a fast-moving stream of particles constantly flowing from the Sun that carries the Suns magnetic field out into space. The so
21、lar wind, typically moving at 250 miles (400 kilometers) per second, flows past Earths magnetic field and molds it into an elongated bubble or cavity, compressing its sunward side and stretching its night side far beyond the Moons orbit. Under certain conditions, the solar winds magnetic field can m
22、erge with Earths, creating electrical currents that drive protons and electrons into the polar atmosphere. Powerful events occurring on the Sun can drive enormous changes in the solar wind, increasing both its speed and density and enhancing its effect on Earth.（分数：20.00）(1).According to the passage
23、, an aurora can be an atmospheric phenomenon EXCEPT that is seen _.（分数：5.00）A.in the night sky at high southern latitudesB.in the night sky at high northern latitudesC.on top of high mountains on the EarthD.at the southern regions of other plants(2).Auroras that can be seen at middle latitude region
24、s _.（分数：5.00）A.are formed at high latitude regionsB.used to be known as northern dawnC.appear mainly in the shape of arcs or curtainsD.are formed at central Europe or the United States(3).It has been recorded that once in France, the northern lights were believed to be _.（分数：5.00）A.a fire set by the
25、 enemy troopsB.punishment to humans by GodC.crimes which would enrage GodD.an indication of the doomsday(4).Which of the following elements has nothing to do with the formation of the aurora?（分数：5.00）A.The solar wind.B.The Earths atmosphere.C.The Earths magnetic field.D.The Moons orbit.四、Passage 3(总
26、题数：1，分数：20.00)Most earthquakes occur within the upper 15 miles of the earths surface. But earthquakes can and do occur at all depths to about 460 miles. Their number decreases as the depth increases. At about 460 miles one earthquake occurs only every few years. Near the surface earthquakes may run
27、as high as 100 in a month, but the yearly average does not vary much. In comparison with the total number of earthquakes each year, the number of disastrous earthquakes is very small. The extent of the disaster in an earthquake depends on many factors. If you carefully build a toy house with an Erec
28、tor set, it will still stand no matter how much you shake the table. But if you build a toy house with a pack of cards, a slight shake of the table will make it fall. An earthquake in Agadir, Morocco, was not strong enough to be recorded on distant instruments, but it completely destroyed the city.
29、Many stronger earthquakes have done comparatively little damage. If a building is well constructed and built on solid ground, it will resist an earthquake. Most deaths in earthquakes have been due to faulty building construction or poor building sites. A third and very serious factor is panic. When
30、people rush out into narrow streets, more deaths will result. The United Nations has played an important part in reducing the damage done by earthquakes. It has sent a team of experts to all countries known to be affected by earthquakes. Working with local geologists and engineers, the experts have
31、studied the nature of the ground and the type of most practical building code for the local area. If followed, these suggestions will make disastrous earthquakes almost a thing of the past. There is one type of earthquake disaster that little can be done about. This is the disaster caused by seismic
32、 sea waves, or tsunamis. (These are often called tidal waves, but the name is incorrect. They have nothing to do with tides.) In certain areas, earthquakes take place beneath the sea. These submarine earthquakes sometimes give rise to seismic sea waves. The waves are not noticeable out at sea becaus
33、e of their long wave length. But when they roll into harbours, they pile up into walls of water 6 to 60 feet high. The Japanese call them tsunamis, meaning harbour waves, because they reach a sizable height only in harbours. Tsunamis travel fairly slowly, at speeds up to 500 miles an hour. An adequa
34、te warning system is in use to warn all shores likely to be reached by the waves. But this only enables people to leave the threatened shores for higher ground. There is no way to stop the oncoming wave.（分数：20.00）(1).Which of the following Can Not be concluded from the passage?（分数：5.00）A.The number
35、of earthquakes is closely related to depth.B.Roughly the same number of earthquakes occur each year.C.Earthquakes are impossible at depths over 460 miles.D.Earthquakes are most likely to occur near the surfaces.(2).The destruction of Agadir is an example of _.（分数：5.00）A.faulty building constructionB
36、.an earthquakes strengthC.widespread panic in earthquakesD.ineffective instruments(3).The United Nations experts are supposed to _.（分数：5.00）A.construct strong buildingsB.put forward proposalsC.detect disastrous earthquakesD.monitor earthquakes(4).The significance of the slow speed of tsunamis is tha
37、t people may _.（分数：5.00）A.notice them out at seaB.find ways to stop themC.be warned early enoughD.develop warning systems五、Passage 4(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Cancer of the lung is still the leading cause of cancer death in men and women worldwide, and although its incidence in men may be falling in the UK, in
38、 much of the world it is rising in both sexes. The first cigarettes had been rolled by soldiers in the Turkish-Egyptian war more than 90 years before the first of the two world wars that popularized smoking. Between 1938 and 1948 lung cancer increased five times faster than other cancers, but these
39、statistics were no match for the impact of Hollywood stars smoking in films. By this time women were smoking almost as much as men. There are two main types of lung cancer, determined by the type of cell involvedsmall cell and non-small cell lung cancer. Around 75% of cases are of the non-small cell
40、 variety, the standard small cell lung cancers account for 20% and a few rarer types of lung cancer complete the balance. About 90% of all lung cancer cases can be attributed to smoking. The outcome is still not good. The five-year survival rate in those with lung cancer is approximately 15%. Depend
41、ing on the type of cancer, surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy may be used, but if the cancer has not spread, the first line of treatment is usually surgery. If the tumor has spread, either radiotherapy, chemotherapy or both may be used, sometimes in combination. The choice of treatment will depen
42、d on the type of cell forming the cancer and the extent of its growth. Advanced non-small cell cancer is usually treated with chemotherapy and in these cases radiotherapy is used for symptomatic treatment. Likewise in small cell cancer, which has usually spread beyond the original site at diagnosis
43、so that surgery is unlikely to be used and the mainstay of treatment is chemotherapy and radiation.（分数：20.00）(1).What does incidence mean in the first paragraph?（分数：4.00）A.Impact.B.Possibility.C.Occurrence.D.Negativeness.(2).What is true about the history of cigarettes?（分数：4.00）A.During World War II
44、 cigarettes impact was well verified.B.It is only the First World War that really popularized smoking.C.Hollywood stars influence exclusively boosted smoking.D.The first cigarettes were rolled more than 90 years ago.(3).In the second paragraph, why is the outcome said to be still not good?（分数：4.00）A
45、.Because there is still about 90% of all lung cancer cases resulting from smoking now.B.Because cigarette leads to small cell as well as non-small cell lung cancer.C.Because only 15% of lung cancer sufferers can live for 5 years.D.A few rarer types of lung cancer are still beyond curability.(4).What
46、 is NOT true about the treatment of cancer?（分数：4.00）A.How to treat patients merely rests on the type of cell forming the cancer.B.Radiotherapy can hardly address advanced non-small cell cancer virtually.C.Both radiotherapy and chemotherapy can be used to treat small cell cancer.D.Surgery is unlikely
47、 to be used in the treatment of advanced small cell cancer.(5).The authors attitude towards smoking is _.（分数：4.00）A.pessimisticB.worriedC.positiveD.impersonal六、Passage 5(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Locusts, which can consume their own weight in food each day, have a large neuron called the locust giant movement
48、detector (LGMD) located behind their eyes. The LGMD releases bursts of energy whenever a locust is on a collision course with another locust or a predatory bird. A few years ago Rind and her colleagues studied the activity of the LGMD as locusts watched action scenes from the movie Star Wars . The team found that the LGMD releases more energy when something is coming directly at the locust. These spikes of energy, called action potentials, prompt the locusts to take evasive action.
