1、专业英语四级-259及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、CLOZE(总题数：4，分数：100.00)Apositive Badditional Cduration Defficient Eshed Fphysical Gfood Hfunctions Iparticipated Jrely Kcut Lrepeatedly Muses Nlittle Oobvious Perhaps like most Americans you have some extra pounds to 1 . You may even have tried a fad diet or two
2、, but found yourself right back where you started. The key to weight loss is regular 2 activity. And surprisingly, you dont have to give up eating or make the gym your second home to see long-term, 3 effects. Your body needs a certain amount of energy to maintain basic 4 such as breathing, blood cir
3、culation and digestion. The energy required to keep your organs functioning is referred to as the resting or basal metabolic rate. Any time you are active, 5 energy is required. It is obtained from glycogen and fat stored in the blood, liver, and muscles. The key to losing weight is to draw on the f
4、at rather than on the carbohydrate reserves. Which of the two energy sources you use depends on the intensity and 6 of your activity. The higher the intensity, the more your body will pull from the stored carbohydrates. The lower the intensity, the more your body will 7 on fat as its fuel. Aerobic e
5、xercise is most 8 for weight loss. When you perform aerobic activities you 9 contract large muscle groups such as your legs and arms. Walking, running, rollerblading, swimming, dancing, and jumping jacks are all forms of aerobic activity. Surprisingly, if your aerobic activity is low to moderately i
6、ntense and of long duration, you will burn more fat than if you had 10 in a short burst of high-intensity exercise. In short, a brisk 30-minute walk will burn fat while a 100-yard sprint will burn glycogen.（分数：25.00）Acasual Bretirement Cto take Dpaid Esubjective Fformal Goverseas Hobjectives Istanda
7、rdized Jever Kqualified Lnever Mcommercial Ntaking Ocause There is virtually no limit to how one can serve community interests, from spending a few hours a week with some charitable organizations to practically full-time work for a social agency. Just as there are opportunities for voluntary service
8、 11 (VSO) for young people before they take up full-time employment, there are opportunities for overseas service for 12 technicians in developing countries. Some people, particularly those who retire early, offer their technical and business skills in countries where there is a special need. So in
9、considering voluntary or 13 community service there are more opportunities than there 14 were when one first began work. Most voluntary organizations have only a small full-time staff, and depend very much on volunteers and part-timers. This means that working relationships are different from those
10、in 15 organizations, and values may be different. In some ways they may seem more 16 and less efficient, but one should not judge them by commercial criteria. The people who work with them do so for different reasons and with different 17 , both personal and organizational. One should not join them
11、expecting to arm them with professional expertise; they must be joined with commitment to the 18 , not business efficiency. Because salaries are small or non-existent, many voluntary bodies offer modest expenses. But many retired people take part in community service for free, simply because they en
12、joy the work. Many community activities possible in 19 were also possible during ones working life but they are to be undertaken no less seriously for that. Retired people who are just looking for something different or unusual to do should not consider 20 community service.（分数：25.00）Adiscovered B c
13、onfronted Cinteractive Dtechniques Ecorrelation Femerge Geffectively Hcommitted Imanagers Jtraditionally Kaggressively Lcooperativeness Mvirtue Nemployees Odeveloped When women do become managers, do they bring a different style and different skills to the job? Are they better, or worse, managers th
14、an men? Are women more highly motivated and 21 than male managers? Some researches support the idea that women bring different attitudes and skills to management jobs, such as greater 22 , an emphasis on affiliation and attachment, and a 23 to bring emotional factors to bear in making workplace deci
15、sions. These differences are seen to carry advantages for companies, because they expand the range of 24 that can be used to help the company manage its workforce 25 . A study commissioned by the International Womens Forum 26 a management style used by some women managers ( and also by some men) tha
16、t differs from the command- and-control style 27 used by male managers. Using this 28 leadership approach, women encourage participation, share power and information, enhance other peoples self-worth, and get others excited about their work. All these things reflect their belief that allowing 29 to
17、contribute and to feel powerful and important is a win-win situation good for the employees and the organization. The studys director predicted that interactive leadership may 30 as the management style of choice for many organizations.（分数：25.00）Atusked Bgreatly Cconservation Dwhat Econtend Fmessage
18、 Gthat Haccelerating Icontrive Jfinished Kprocessed Llead Mserious Ndecelerating Owholesale African elephants have been slaughtered at alarming rate over the past decade, largely because they are the primary source of the worlds ivory. Their population has been dwindled from 1.3 million in 1979 to j
19、ust 625,000 today, and the rate of killing has been 31 in recent years because many of the older, bigger 32 animals have already been destroyed. The poachers now must kill times as many elephants to get the same quantity of ivory, explained Curtis Bohlen, senior vice president of the World Wildlife
20、Fund. Though its record on the environment has been spotty so far, the government last week took the 33 in a major conservation issue by imposing a ban on ivory imports into the US. The move came just four days after a consortium of 34 groups, including the World Wildlife Fund and Wildlife Conservat
21、ion International, called for that kind of action, and it made the US the first nation to forbid imports of both raw and 35 ivory. The ban, says Bohlen, sends a very clear 36 to the ivory poachers that the game is over. In the past African nations have resisted an ivory ban, but increasingly they re
22、alized that the decimation of the elephant herds poses a 37 threat to their tourist business. Last month Tanzania and several other African countries called for an amendment to the 102 nation Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species 38 would make the ivory trade illegal worldwide. The
23、 amendment is expected to be approved at an October meeting in Geneva and to go into effect next January. But between now and then, conservationists 39 poachers may go on a rampage, killing elephants 40 , so nations should unilaterally forbid imports right away.（分数：25.00）专业英语四级-259答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题
24、时间：90分钟)一、CLOZE(总题数：4，分数：100.00)Apositive Badditional Cduration Defficient Eshed Fphysical Gfood Hfunctions Iparticipated Jrely Kcut Lrepeatedly Muses Nlittle Oobvious Perhaps like most Americans you have some extra pounds to 1 . You may even have tried a fad diet or two, but found yourself right ba
25、ck where you started. The key to weight loss is regular 2 activity. And surprisingly, you dont have to give up eating or make the gym your second home to see long-term, 3 effects. Your body needs a certain amount of energy to maintain basic 4 such as breathing, blood circulation and digestion. The e
26、nergy required to keep your organs functioning is referred to as the resting or basal metabolic rate. Any time you are active, 5 energy is required. It is obtained from glycogen and fat stored in the blood, liver, and muscles. The key to losing weight is to draw on the fat rather than on the carbohy
27、drate reserves. Which of the two energy sources you use depends on the intensity and 6 of your activity. The higher the intensity, the more your body will pull from the stored carbohydrates. The lower the intensity, the more your body will 7 on fat as its fuel. Aerobic exercise is most 8 for weight
28、loss. When you perform aerobic activities you 9 contract large muscle groups such as your legs and arms. Walking, running, rollerblading, swimming, dancing, and jumping jacks are all forms of aerobic activity. Surprisingly, if your aerobic activity is low to moderately intense and of long duration,
29、you will burn more fat than if you had 10 in a short burst of high-intensity exercise. In short, a brisk 30-minute walk will burn fat while a 100-yard sprint will burn glycogen.（分数：25.00）解析：E 考点 考查动词。 根据不定式标志词to可知空格处需填入动词原形，结合句意“和大多数美国人一样，你可能也有几磅多余的体重需要 -|_|-”可知，E项shed“去除，摆脱”符合文意。K项cut意为“消减；切割”，一般指实
30、物，故可排除。rely显然不符合句意，也应排除。解析：F 考点 考查形容词。 结合句意“减肥的关键是定期做 -|_|-运动”和生活常识可知，此处的运动是指身体运动，故F项physical最符合文意，意为“身体的”。解析：A 考点 考查形容词。 结合句意“令人惊奇的是，为了看到长期的 -|_|-效果你不必节食或经常去健身房”，可知空格处需填形容词。A项positive意为“正面的；积极的”，B项additional意为“附加的；额外的”，D项efficient意为“有效率的”，N项little作形容词时意为“很少的；小的”，O项意为“明显的”。由于下文只讲到运动有助于减肥，但并未说明它的效果明显
31、，所以此处选用意思上更宽泛的positive“积极的”。解析：H 考点 考查名词。 下文列举的breathing、blood circulation和digestion都是人体的基本功能，且下一句中的functioning已给出了提示，属于语义复现，故H项functions“功能”最符合文意。M项uses意为“用途，用法”，与句意不符，故排除。解析：B 考点 考查形容词。 根据空格后的名词energy可推测空格处应填形容词，结合常识和句意“任何时候只要你活动起来，都需要 -|_|-能量”来判断各选项，可知B项additional“附加的；额外的”符合句意。解析：C 考点 考查名词。 该句意为“
32、采用这两种能量消耗来源中的哪一种取决于你活动的强度和 -|_|-。”结合最后一段第一句提到的if your aerobic activity is low to moderately intense and of long duration可知C项duration“持续时间”最符合文意，故选C。解析：J 考点 考查动词。 结合句意“(活动的)强度越低，你越 -|_|-于脂肪作为身体的燃料”，空格处应填能和on搭配的动词原形作谓语，因此J项rely最符合文意，rely on表示“依靠，依赖”。解析：D 考点 考查形容词。 结合常识可知，有氧运动是最有效的减肥方式，选项中D项effective意为
33、“有效的”，符合文意，O项obvious“明显的，显然的”可以指有氧运动的“效果”明显，但是不适合直接修饰“有氧运动”，故排除。解析：L 考点 考查副词。 根据空格后的谓语动词contract可知空格处需填入副词，选项中只有L项repeatedly“重复地”和N项little“很少，几乎不”为副词。由常识可知，人在做有氧运动时大型肌肉群肯定会收缩，因此N项不符合文意，可排除；repeatedly“重复地”符合文意，故选L。解析：I 考点 考查动词。 根据had可推断空格处需填动词的过去分词，结合句意“做强度相对适中和持续时间长的有氧运动，比起 -|_|-高强度、短时间爆发性的运动，会燃烧更多的
34、脂肪”可知I项participated“参与，参加”最符合文意，participate in为固定短语，表示“加入，参加”。Acasual Bretirement Cto take Dpaid Esubjective Fformal Goverseas Hobjectives Istandardized Jever Kqualified Lnever Mcommercial Ntaking Ocause There is virtually no limit to how one can serve community interests, from spending a few hours
35、a week with some charitable organizations to practically full-time work for a social agency. Just as there are opportunities for voluntary service 11 (VSO) for young people before they take up full-time employment, there are opportunities for overseas service for 12 technicians in developing countri
36、es. Some people, particularly those who retire early, offer their technical and business skills in countries where there is a special need. So in considering voluntary or 13 community service there are more opportunities than there 14 were when one first began work. Most voluntary organizations have
37、 only a small full-time staff, and depend very much on volunteers and part-timers. This means that working relationships are different from those in 15 organizations, and values may be different. In some ways they may seem more 16 and less efficient, but one should not judge them by commercial crite
38、ria. The people who work with them do so for different reasons and with different 17 , both personal and organizational. One should not join them expecting to arm them with professional expertise; they must be joined with commitment to the 18 , not business efficiency. Because salaries are small or
39、non-existent, many voluntary bodies offer modest expenses. But many retired people take part in community service for free, simply because they enjoy the work. Many community activities possible in 19 were also possible during ones working life but they are to be undertaken no less seriously for tha
40、t. Retired people who are just looking for something different or unusual to do should not consider 20 community service.（分数：25.00）解析：G 考点 考查副词。 空格所在句意为“正如年轻人在从事全职工作之前有很多 -|_|-志愿服务的机会，发展中国家的一些 -|_|-技术人员也有一些海外服务的机会。”后半句出现了overseas service(海外服务)，属于同义复现，由此推测空格处应填作副词的G项overseas”在海外”。解析：K 考点 考查形容词。 此处意为“
41、发展中国家的一些 -|_|-技术人员也有一些海外服务的机会”，由句子结构可知，空格处应填一个作定语的形容词来修饰technicians(技术人员)。对比各形容词选项可知，K项qualified“有资格的，能胜任的”符合句意，故为答案。解析：D 考点 考查形容词。 由句子结构可知，or前后的两个词应为并列的形容词，且在意义上相反，共同修饰community service，而voluntary意为“自愿的，免费的”，可知空格处所填形容词的意思应为“非自愿的，收费的”，故选D项paid“付报酬的”。解析：J 考点 考查副词。 由句中there are more opportunities than
42、 there -|_|- were这一结构可知，than连接的是两个比较成分，比较的是现在的情况和一个人刚开始工作时的情况。此处缺少的就是一个表示过去状况的时间副词，L项never意为“从不”，表示否定意义，不符合上下文语境；J项ever意为“曾经，过去”，符合句意，故答案选J。解析：M 考点 考查形容词。 本句意为“这意味着工作关系与 -|_|-机构的不同，并且价值观念也会不同。”根据上下文可知，本文主要讲社区服务，社区机构必定不同于商业机构、政府机构、军事机构等，而下一句的末尾又出现了commercial criteria“商业标准”，因此此处是指商业机构，选项中符合条件的只有M项comm
43、ercial“商业的”。解析：A 考点 考查形容词。 空格所在句意为“从某些方面来看，社区机构可能显得更 -|_|-，同时效率也较低，但是我们不应以商业化的标准来评判它们。”根据常识可判断社区机构往往比商业机构更随意、更不正式。空格前为修饰比较级的标志词more，空格后的and连接两个并列的成分，由此判断空格处所填词为形容词且含有“非正式的，随意的”之意，选项中A项casual意为“随意的，非正式的”，符合题意，故为答案；F项formal意为“正式的”，与文意相反，可排除。解析：H 考点 考查名词。 通过分析句子结构可知空格处所填词应是与reasons并列的名词。前文说到社区机构与商业机构的工
44、作关系不同，因此它们的价值观念也会不同，由此可推测这句话是说“那些从事社区志愿服务的人做这些事是出于不同的原因，有不同的目标”，故符合句意的是H项，objectives意为“目标，宗旨”；形近词E项subjective为形容词，意为“主观的；个人的”，与句意不符，可排除。解析：O 考点 考查名词。 由逗号后的not可知，commitment to the -|_|-与business efficiency在意思上应该是相对的。这句话是说，成为志愿者组织的一员最重要的是有为“志愿事业”奉献的精神，而不是为了商业效率，故选O项，cause作名词时除了表示“原因”，还可指事业。解析：B 考点 考查名
45、词。 根据上下文，可推测该句的意思是“许多在退休以后做的社区活动在退休前也可以做”，即in -|_|-表示的意义与during ones working life的意义是相反的，in retirement表示退休后，故选B项retirement“退休”。解析：N 考点 考查动词。 该句意为“那些只是想在退休之后寻找一些新鲜事情做的人不应该考虑 -|_|-社区服务。”常用搭配consider doing sth.意为“考虑做某事”，故选N项taking，意为“从事”。Adiscovered B confronted Cinteractive Dtechniques Ecorrelation Fe
46、merge Geffectively Hcommitted Imanagers Jtraditionally Kaggressively Lcooperativeness Mvirtue Nemployees Odeveloped When women do become managers, do they bring a different style and different skills to the job? Are they better, or worse, managers than men? Are women more highly motivated and 21 tha
47、n male managers? Some researches support the idea that women bring different attitudes and skills to management jobs, such as greater 22 , an emphasis on affiliation and attachment, and a 23 to bring emotional factors to bear in making workplace decisions. These differences are seen to carry advantages for companies, because they expand the range of 24 that can be used to help the company manage its workforce 25 . A study commissioned by the International Womens Forum 26 a management style used by some women managers ( and also by some men) that differs from the command- and-control style
