1、翻译二级口译实务2004年11月答案真题 120Part Interpret the following passages from English into Chinese. You will hear this signal to tell you when you start interpreting. Now lets begin.第1题：参考答案：参考译文 主席先生，各位使节，女士们，先生们： 首先我要再次感谢挪威诺贝尔奖委员会决定颁奖给联合国维持和平行动。他们的决定受到了全世界的欢迎。我还要借此机会向那些为维和行动派遣部队或提供后勤支援的国家表示深切的谢意。我们要把这种成功遏止冲突
2、的伟大实验归功于他们的自愿合作。 和平，这个词唤起了对人性最朴素、最珍爱的梦想。和平现在是，而且始终是人类最热切的渴望。然而我们的历史却表明，当我们喋喋不休地谈论和平时，我们的行动却在讲述着完全不同的故事。和平在任何语言中都是一个很上口的词。作为联合国秘书长，我从不同的语言中和不同的地方经常听到它，以至于有时在我看来，这个词多多少少变成了没有真实意义的口头禅。 我们所说的和平到底意味着什么?依人性本来的样子，和平必定只是一种相对状态。生命的本质是斗争和竞争。在某种程度上，纯粹的和平几乎是毫无意义的抽象。斗争和竞争是激动人心的，但如果它发展成为冲突，常会具有毁灭性和扰乱性。建立联合国这类政治机构
3、的目的就是要划定斗争和冲突的界线，使各国能站在正确的一边。维和行动就是达到这样日标的实际手段。 我们在联合国正努力建立的是这样一个世界：在那里，各国都认识到战争最终于事无补，同时世界各地的男男女女为确保人类的美好未来共同承担了集体责任。所有人类经验都表明，在国际事务中，正如在国内事务中，任何想在理性状态下生存的社会都会把法治作为至关重要的目标。我们现在认识到，在技术和其他革命性变革的推动下，整个人类，这个星球上的全部人口，已组成了一个单一的社会。国际法和国际权威的演变或许决定着这个全球社会能否在理性状态下生存。 从广泛的角度看，我们必须为这样的时刻而工作：到那时，战争将不再是一种可接受的国策选
4、择或解决争端的可行手段；到那时，一个可靠的国际体系将会取而代之。由此看来，国际维和事业的发展占有至关重要的地位，正如民事警察对民族国家内部的法治建设占有至关重要的地位一样。我希望对维和事业给予的关注其标志是此次诺贝尔奖的颁发不仅能增强我们处理国际事务的能力，还将激发更加广泛的努力来思考：我们应采取什么样的新手段和建立什么样的新机构来创建我们更美好的未来。详细解答：本文是关于世界和平的演讲。文章深入探讨了世界和平问题，描述了未来工作的方向。本文要求应试者具有一定国际政治方面的专门知识，掌握某些国际机构的名称，这些知识构成考查应试者基本素质的内容，在较为短暂的时间内，应试者还需对复杂的长难句作出判
5、断，使翻译不仅信息完整正确，还要基本符合汉语习惯。在此基础上，应试者还要对文中的某些单词或短语作出判断，使其翻译不仅正确还要符合上下文语境的需要。 基本素质采分点 1excellency 使节 2Norwegian Nobel Committee 挪威诺贝尔奖委员会 3the United Nations Peace-Keeping Operation 联合国维持和平行动 4Secretary-General (联合国) 秘书长 5Nobel Peace Prize 诺贝尔和平奖 结构理解采分点 1Human nature being what it is, peace must inevit
6、ably be a relative condition 原句使用了分词独立主格结构，其中又含有what引导的表语从句，译文依照独立主格特点，将其仍按状语处理，但把表语从句译为前置定语。因此，原句可译为“依人性本来的样子，和平必定只是一种相对状态。” 2The aim of political institutions like the UN is to draw the line between struggle and conflict and to make it possible for nations to stay on the right side of the line 该句译
7、文符合中文句子将修饰性成分前置的特点，且将原句拆分成相对简短的两个句子。因此，原句可译为“建立联合国这类政治机构的目的就是要划定斗争和冲突的界线，使各国能站在正确的一边。维和行动就是达到这样目标的实际手段。” 3All human experience seems to show that in international, as in national, affairs, role of law is an essential objective for any society wishing to survive in reasonable conditions 该句要求正确判断原文tha
8、t从句中的主语是rule of law。该从句前半部分停顿较多，导致翻译时容易错误判断主语，因此有误译的可能。原句可译为“所有人类经验都表明，在国际事务中，正如在国内事务中，任何想在理性状态下生存的社会都会把法治作为至关重要的目标。” 4In a larger perspective, we must work towards a time when war will cease to be an acceptable option of national policy or a po1ssible means of settling disputes, and when a reliable
9、 international system will take its place 该句中含有when引导的定语从句，修饰其前的a time，翻译时可将主句和从句拆分为两句话，这样更符合汉语语言习惯。因此，原句可译为“从广泛的角度看，我们必须为这样的时刻而工作：到那时，战争将不再是一种可接受的国策选择或解决争端的可行手段；到那时，一个可靠的国际体系将会取而代之。” 5I hope that the attention now being given to peace-keeping, which is symbolized by the award of the Nobel Peace Pri
10、ze, will not only strengthen our capacity to conduct the affairs of nations but also stimulate a wider effort to consider the new means and the new institutions needed to ensure a better common future. Thank you 该句是复合句，宾语部分是that从句，其内容是全句的重点翻译所在。该部分主要结构是the attention.will not only strengthen.but also
11、 stimulate.，只有把握住主要结构，才能正确理解各信息之间的关系。原句可译为“我希望对维和事业给予的关注其标志是此次诺贝尔奖的颁发不仅能增强我们处理国际事务的能力，还将激发更加广泛的努力来思考：我们应采取什么样的新手段和建立什么样的新机构来创建我们更美好的未来。” 言语表达采分点 1acclaim 欢迎 2take the opportunity to 利用这个机会 3provide logistical support 提供后勤支援 4evoke 刺激，激励 5ultimate human aspiration 人类最热切的渴望 6tell a very different stor
12、y 却远不是这么回事 7incantation 符咒；口头禅 8to the extent 到程度 9degenerate into 下降，堕落到地步 10ultimate futility 最终于事无补第2题：参考答案：参考译文当前在中国，艾滋病毒和艾滋病被视为正在上升的一大威胁。据中国官方估计，中国已有约84万人感染了艾滋病毒。但截止2003年底，仅有62159人经检查确诊为艾滋病毒阳性，其余780000或更多的艾滋病毒阳性人员的情况并不为公共卫生部门所知，当事人自己对此或许也不清楚，这就构成了艾滋病毒进一步传播的重大危险。中国资深官员和在华国际专家都认为，艾滋病毒在中国正从一些特定群体，
13、如注射吸毒人员和卖淫人员，向普通人群扩散。 不过，中国在观念、政策和资源投入方面已取得了重要的进步。新就任的领导人对改善社会福利，特别是处理艾滋病毒和艾滋病问题加大了投入。中国对艾滋病问题做出了更加积极的反应，包括了实行全国性的救治计划。新的方针鼓励“四免一关怀”，即对贫困患者药品免费，检查和治疗免费，防止母婴传染治疗免费，艾滋病孤儿上学免费，以及关怀感染艾滋病毒和艾滋病的家庭等。中国的高级领导人还承诺执行减轻危害的政策，比如鼓励吸毒者使用安全套，针具以旧换新，以及进行美莎酮替代疗法等。 严峻的挑战还在前面，尽管中国已取得很多积极进展，但要战胜艾滋病，在政治，技术和标准方面还面临着十分艰巨的挑
14、战。就规划、成本、后勤、人力资源、技术能力以及艾滋病羞耻所引起的普遍问题来看，其规模之大，问题之严重，无论如何强调都不过分。这里仅举几例：脆弱和不完整的全国性艾滋病毒检查和监测系统，破败而难以发挥作用的公共卫生系统，特别在农村地区，以及在为艾滋病毒和艾滋病感染者提供正常的诊断、咨询、救治、监测和照顾方面严重缺少合格工作人员，必要的设备和技术。 在美国的评论家认为，解决好中国的艾滋病问题，需要中国国内和国际上的高层继续发挥领导作用。关心此事的美国决策人士，各国领导人和国际组织的负责人应把制订近期和中期措施作为工作重点，促使中国领导层继续关注艾滋病毒、艾滋病和公共卫生问题。中国巨大的结构和组织缺陷
15、必须系统地加以整顿。如果不能执行一项策略上更加协调的计划将可能随着时间的推移失去国际上对它的支持。预防和宣传应在中国的抗击艾滋病毒和艾滋病的全国计划中处在更明显的地位。而通过教育和医疗专业人员的训练而开展人力资源的开发更是十分重要的。详细解答：本文是关于中国艾滋病问题的评论，内容涉及中国艾滋病的现状和对策。本文要求应试者具有一定医学方面的专门知识，这些知识构成考查应试者基本素质的内容，在较为短暂的时间内，应试者还需对复杂的长难句作出判断，使翻译不仅信息完整正确，还要基本符合汉语习惯。在此基础上，应试者还要对文中的某些单词或短语作出判断，使其翻译不仅正确还要符合上下文语境的需要。 基本素质采分点
16、 1HIV/AIDS 艾滋病病毒/艾滋病 2HIV-positive 艾滋病毒阳性 3methadone substitution therapy 美莎酮替代疗法 结构理解采分点 1The remaining HIV-positive persons in China, estimated at 780,000 persons or more, are not known to public health authorities, and the individuals themselves probably do not know their status, posing significa
17、nt risks for the further spread of HIV 该句是用and连缀的并列句。在连缀信息上，分词起了重要作用，前半句使用了过去分词做定语，后半句使用现在分词做状语。翻译时，可随汉语习惯，将分词短语部分变为简短分句。因此，原句可译为“其余780000或更多的艾滋病毒阳性人员的情况并不为公共卫生部门所知，当事人自己对此或许也不清楚，这就构成了艾滋病毒进一步传播的重大危险。” 2New leaders have emerged in China with a stronger commitment to improving social welfare and to ad
18、dressing HIV/AIDS in particular 原句中have emerged本为全句谓语，但在译文中为避免重复啰嗦，可略去不译，这就需要将原文中with a stronger commitment介词短语用做译文的谓语为“加大投入”，因此原句可译为“新就任的领导人对改善社会福利，特别是处理艾滋病毒和艾滋病问题加大了投入。” 3In spite of many positive developments, daunting challengespolitical, technical, and normativelie ahead for China to combat HIV
19、/AIDS 该句中固定表达in spite of可根据中文习惯译为“尽管但是”，因此，原句可译为“尽管中国已取得很多积极进展，但要战胜艾滋病，在政治、技术和标准方面还面临着十分艰巨的挑战。” 4It is difficult to overstate the scale and challenges in terms of planning, costs, logistics, human resources, technical capacity, and the pervasive problems posed by stigma 根据中文可将较长的补充修饰成分前置的特点，将原句中in t
20、erms of短语内容置于译文句首。因此，原句可译为“就规划、成本、后勤、人力资源、技术能力以及艾滋病羞耻所引起的普遍问题来看，其规模之大，问题之严重，无论如何强调都不过分。” 5For engaged US policymakers, as well as country leaders and heads of international organizations, priority should lie in near-to medium-term steps which sustain Chinese leaderships focus on HIV/AIDS and public
21、health 原文中主语是抽象名词priority，根据汉语表达直观、具体的特点，可将原文句首的for.介词短语用做全句主语。因此，原句可译为“关心此事的美国决策人士，各国领导人和国际组织的负责人应把制定近期和中期措施作为工作重点，促使中国领导层继续关注艾滋病毒、艾滋病和公共卫生问题。” 言语表达采分点 1infected with HIV 感染艾滋病病毒 2pose significant risks for 对构成重大危险 3resource commitment 资源投入 4proactive 更为积极的 5four frees and one care 四免一关怀 6needle ex
22、change 针具以旧换新 7daunting challenge 严峻的挑战 8surveillance system 监测系统 9address HIV/AIDS 解决艾滋病问题 10near-to medium-term 近期和中期Part Interpret the following passages from Chinese into English. You will hear this signal to tell you when you start interpreting. Now lets begin.第3题：参考答案：参考范文Todays world is based
23、 on rule of law. The prosperity of a nation, the flourishing of its political life, the stability of its society, the development of its economy, the unity of its ethnic communities, the thriving of its culture and the well-being and happiness of its people, all hinge on the maintenance of law and o
24、rder and the integrity of the legal system. China is no exception. What a nation adopts for its national strategy will have a lot to do with its future and destiny. Towards the end of 20th century, China, a country of 1.2 billion people, made it clear to the world that it would run the country in ac
25、cordance with law, and has since taken solid steps forward along this path. A system of laws that meets the needs of the socialist market economy is taking shape. A reform that transforms the functions of government and makes administration more strictly law-based is under way in an orderly fashion.
26、 A judicial restructuring that aims to ensure greater justice and efficiency is deepening steadily. And a grand social campaign that educates the hundreds of millions in the importance of the law is proceeding into greater depth. As you know, the constitution of a country is the most important and m
27、ost fundamental legal guarantee for its economic development. In the early years of New China, public ownership emerged as the dominant form of ownership after the socialist transformation of agriculture, handcraft and capitalist industry and commerce, and the private ownership had no lawful status.
28、 Planned economy became the dominant mode of the economy, and enterprises had no right to operate their businesses independently. Distribution according to work became the dominant mode of distribution, and citizens had no income from other sources. Under such an economic system, Chinas economy deve
29、loped at a snails pace. In 1978, China launched its reform and opening up program. In 1988, the country amended its constitution for the first time, recognizing the lawful status of the private economy. In 1993, it amended the constitution again, making it clear that the state practiced the socialis
30、t market economy. These amendments have promoted both the public and private sectors of the economy, boosted Chinas comprehensive national strength, improved the quality of life of its people, and brought profound changes to Chinas political, economic and social life.详细解答：本文主要讨论中国法制建设，深入分析了中国法制建设的思路
31、，说明了法制建设的过程和展望。本文要求应试者具有相关中国政治方面的概念常识，能够正确理解并翻译某些术语，这些知识构成基本素质的考查点。此外，应试者还需根据英语语言习惯，重新整理中文句子结构，在此基础上，应试者要灵活处理对某些单词或短语的翻译，使之不仅正确，还应符合上下文语境的要求。 基本素质采分点 1司法体制改革 judicial restructuring 2宪法 constitution 3公有制 public ownership 4计划经济 planned economy 5按劳分配 distribution according to work 6改革开放 reform and open
32、ing up 7社会主义市场经济 socialist market economy 结构理解采分点 1国运之兴盛，政治之昌明，社会之稳定，经济之发展，民族之团结，文化之繁荣，人民之安居乐业，都离不开法律之维系和法律之保障。 该句的信息量很大，根据其句式特点和口译对时间的要求，可将句子前部分的七个短语译为并列主语，使句子最后一部分充当谓宾成分。因此，原句可译为“The prosperity of a nation, the flourishing of its political life, the stability of its society, the development of its
33、 economy, the unity of its ethnic communities, the thriving of its culture and the well-being and happiness of its people, all hinge on the maintenance of law and order and the integrity of the legal system.” 2一项把法律交给亿万人民的宏大社会工程正在深入持久地进行。 该句先确定主语部分为“宏大社会工程”，中文句子有时前置定语过长，翻译时需要使用定语从句、非谓语动词短语等形式变为后置定语。
34、因此，原句可译为“And a grand social campaign that educates the hundreds of millions in the importance of the law is proceeding into greater depth.” 3新中国成立初期，对农业、手工业和资本主义工商业完成社会主义改造后，公有制成了主要所有制模式，私有经济没有合法的地位。 该句需要根据原文的逻辑特点，最后一部分分句与前面部分意思相对松散，确定使用并列句的句式，并将句中“对改造后”的译文放在分句主干结构后面，以突出句子的主要结构和内容，这与汉语将修饰部分往往前置的特点恰恰
35、相反。因此，原句可译为“In the early years of New China, public owner ship emerged as the dominant form of ownership after the socialist transformation of agriculture, handcraft and capitalist industry and commerce, and the private ownership had no lawful status.” 41998年，中国对现行宪法进行第一次修正，确认了私有经济的合法地位。 为使译文紧凑，使用简单
36、句表达，原结构中另一个动词短语“确认”以分词短语形式出现，在句中做状语。因此，原句可译为“In 1988, the country amended its constitution for the first time, recognizing the lawful status of the private economy.” 5宪法的变革，促进了公有经济和私有经济的共同发展，促进了国家综合国力的增强和人民生活的改善，给中国的政治、经济、社会生活带来了深刻变革。 该句信息量大，根据多为动宾词组的特点，可考虑使用并列谓语。因此，原句可译为“These amendments have promo
37、ted both the public and private sectors of the economy, boosted Chinas comprehensive national strength, improved the quality of life of its people, and brought profound changes to Chinas political, economic and social life.” 言语表达采分点 1治国方略 national strategy 2依法治国 run the country in accordance with la
38、w 3转变政府职能 transform the functions of the government 4严格依法行政 make administration strictly law-based 5正在进行 be under way 6公正与效率 justice and efficiency 7经营自主权 right to operate business independently 8发展非常缓慢 develop at a snails pace 9修正 amendment 10综合国力 comprehensive national strength第4题：参考答案：参考范文Towards
39、 the end of the 1970s, I attended the 4th National Conference on Culture and Art Work. The long and enthusiastic ovation Comrade Deng Xiaoping received during his speech left a deep impression on me. This was the first culture and art gathering after the disastrous decade of cultural revolution, and
40、 also Dengs first meeting with the countrys culture and art workers on behalf of the Party Central Committee and the State Council after his latest comeback. After the 3rd national conference in 1960; Chinas culture and art circles had been under the grips of bad luck. Lin Biao and the Gang of Four,
41、 in their push for the extremist Left line, turned many gifted writers, mists into capitalist roaders and reactionary authority, brutalizing them, even killing some of them. Many otherwise good works of art or correct theoretical propositions were castigated as poisonous weeds. The decade left behin
42、d a terrible ruin in Chinas culture and art. Dengs speech at the conference represented the rehabilitation of Chinas culture work. It was also a morale booster to the culture and art workers. I remember that as Xiaoping approached the podium, a big round of thunderous applause was heard in the audit
43、orium. And as he went on, his speech was interrupted again and again by warm and thunderous applauses. I remember many years ago when TASS reported on Soviet leaders speeches, it would mark the end of every paragraph with bracketed applause, warm applause, tumultuous applause, thunderous applause or
44、 other descriptions to highlight the result. They were not exactly truthful as I learned later. But, to use these words to describe Comrade Deng Xiaopings speech at that conference was highly accurate. These applauses were indeed sincere and heartfelt.详细解答：本文是回忆邓小平同志的发言。本文要求应试者具有相关中国政治方面的概念常识，能够正确理解
45、并翻译某些术语，这些知识构成基本素质的考查点。此外，应试者还需根据英语语言习惯，重新整理中文句子结构，在此基础上，应试者要灵活处理对某些单词或短语的翻译，使之不仅正确，还应符合上下文语境的要求。 基本素质采分点 1全国文代会 National Conference on Culture and Art Work 2十年浩劫 the disastrous decade of “cultural revolution” 3党中央 Party Central Committee 4国务院 the State Council 5四人帮 Gang of Four 6走资派 capitalist road
46、er 7塔斯社 TASS 8苏联的 Soviet 结构理解采分点 1大会上小平同志致辞时获得的长时间的热烈掌声给我留下了极深的印象。 根据原句的含义，可确定译文主干部分使用leave impression on结构，依据该词组可确定句中相应的其它成分。因此，原句可译为“The long and enthusiastic ovation Comrade Deng Xiaoping received during his speech left a deep impression on me.” 2这次大会是文艺界经历十年浩劫后的第一次盛会，也是小平同志复出后第一次代表党中央、国务院同广大文艺工作者见面。 该句可按照中文句子的正常语序翻译，原句后半部分的动词短语“同见面”可用做名词短语译为分句的主语，以适应on behalf of结构的要求。有时，根据英文句型的要求，需改变原文中的词性。因此，原句可译为“This was the
