1、Designation: D709 17Standard Specification forLaminated Thermosetting Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D709; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parent
2、heses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers laminated thermosetting mate-rials con
3、sisting of two or more plies or layers of reinforcingmaterial bonded by a thermosetting synthetic resin. Examplesof such reinforcement are cellulose paper, cotton fabric, glassfabric, and synthetic fiber fabrics. These materials are availablein the form of sheets, rolled and molded tubes, and molded
4、rods.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard.NOTE 1This specification resembles IEC 60893-3 in title only. Thecontent is significantly different.1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest methods described in this specification. This standard
5、 doesnot purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety and health practicesand determine the applicability of regulatory limitations priorto use.1.4 This international standard was d
6、eveloped in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced
7、Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D229 Test Methods for Rigid Sheet and Plate MaterialsUsed for Electrical InsulationD257 Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance ofInsulating MaterialsD348 Test Methods for Rigid Tubes Used for ElectricalInsulationD349 Test Methods for Laminated Round Rods Used forE
8、lectrical InsulationD495 Test Method for High-Voltage, Low-Current, Dry ArcResistance of Solid Electrical InsulationD621 Test Methods for Deformation of Plastics Under Load(Withdrawn 1994)3D668 Test Methods of Measuring Dimensions of Rigid Rodsand Tubes Used for Electrical InsulationD883 Terminology
9、 Relating to PlasticsD1180 Method of Test for Warpage of Sheet Plastics (With-drawn 1988)3D1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical InsulationD2303 Test Methods for Liquid-Contaminant, Inclined-Plane Tracking and Erosion of Insulating MaterialsD2304 Test Method for Thermal Endurance of Rigid Elec-tri
10、cal Insulating MaterialsD3636 Practice for Sampling and Judging Quality of SolidElectrical Insulating MaterialsD6054 Practice for Conditioning Electrical Insulating Mate-rials for Testing (Withdrawn 2012)32.2 IEEE Standards:41 General Principles for Temperature Limits in the Rating ofElectric Equipm
11、ent98 Guide for the Preparation of Test Procedures for theThermal Evaluation and Establishment of TemperatureIndices of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials99 Guide for the Preparation of Test Procedures for theThermal Evaluation of Insulation Systems for ElectricEquipment101 Guide for the Statisti
12、cal Analysis of Thermal Life TestData2.3 NEMA Standards:5LI 1-1971 Industrial Laminated Thermosetting ProductsLI 5-1969 Temperature Indices of Industrial ThermosettingLaminates1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 onElectrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is
13、the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D09.07 on Electrical Insulating Materials.Current edition approved April 1, 2017. Published April 2017. Originallyapproved in 1943. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D709 16. DOI:10.1520/D0709-17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website,
14、 www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from Institute of Ele
15、ctrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE),445 Hoes Ln., P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08854-1331, http:/www.ieee.org.5Available from National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA), 1300N. 17th St., Suite 1752, Rosslyn, VA 22209, http:/www.nema.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at
16、the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for
17、 theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1LI 3-1961 High-Temperature Properties of Industrial Ther-mosetting Laminates2.4 Military Specifications:6MIL-I-24768 Insulation, Plastics, Lamina
18、ted,Thermosetting, General Specifications for2.5 IEC Standard:Publication 60893-3 Specification for Industrial LaminatedSheets Based on Thermosetting Resins for ElectricalPurposes73. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in thisspecification, refer to Terminologies D883 or D1711.4.
19、 Types and Grades4.1 Laminated materials covered by this specification areclassified in accordance with the types of reinforcement used intheir manufacture, and the electrical, mechanical, and heat-resisting characteristics of the finished products (Note 2).NOTE 2Further descriptive information rega
20、rding these various typesand grades of laminated thermosetting materials is given in Table 1 andAppendix X1 Appendix X3. Appendix X3 also includes tables coveringengineering information on other properties of the various grades oflaminated thermosetting products that are not included in these specif
21、ica-tion requirements.5. Forms5.1 Laminated thermosetting materials are available in fourforms: sheets, tubes (Note 3), rods (Note 4), and molded shapes(Note 5), as indicated in Table 2. This specification covers thematerial in three forms: sheets, tubes of two classes (rolled andmolded), and molded
22、 rods. The classes of tubes desired shall bespecified by the purchaser in the contract or order. In caseswhere the purchaser desires a particular class of molded rod thepurchaser shall so specify.NOTE 3Tubes are made of laminations of fibrous sheet impregnatedmaterial, rolled upon mandrels under ten
23、sion or between heated pressurerolls, or both. They are of two classes, rolled and molded. Rolled tubes areoven-baked after rolling on the mandrels. Molded tubes are cured in moldsunder heat and pressure.NOTE 4Molded rods are composed of laminations of impregnatedsheet material molded in cylindrical
24、 molds under heat and pressure, andthen ground to size. Molded rods are of two classes made by winding theimpregnated sheet convolutely before molding or by forming strips in themolding operation.Machined rods, manufactured from certain grades of sheet material, arenot covered by this specification.
25、 In rods machined from sheets, thelaminations are parallel chords of a circular cross-section. In general, theproperties of these rods conform to those of the grade of sheet stock fromwhich they are cut. This type of rod has the potential to be low in flexuralstrength when stress is applied perpendi
26、cular to the lamination.NOTE 5Molded shapes are composed of impregnated sheet materialscut into various sizes and shapes to fit the contours of a mold, and moldedunder heat and pressure. In special cases some macerated material is usedin combination with impregnated sheet materials, depending upon t
27、hedesign of the piece. The requirements of this specification, particularlywith regard to mechanical properties, cannot be considered as applying tomolded shapes, except for rectangular and square tubes, since suchproperties will depend to a considerable extent upon the design of thepiece.6. General
28、 Requirements6.1 Materials and WorkmanshipLaminated material shallbe uniform in quality. It shall be free of blisters, wrinkles, orcracks and shall be reasonably free of other small defects suchas scratches, heat marks, and so forth, as defined in Terminol-ogy D883. Tubes of any grade having wall th
29、ickness greaterthan12 in. (13 mm) and molded paper-base rods (Grades XXand XXX) having diameters greater than 1 in. (25 mm) havethe potential to show checks or cracks between the laminationson machined or sawed edges.6.2 Finish and ColorRequirements for finish (Note 6) andcolor (Note 7) shall be as
30、specified by the purchaser in thecontract or order.NOTE 6The various forms and grades of laminated thermosettingmaterial are available in the finishes shown in Table 3.NOTE 7The various types and grades of laminated thermosettingmaterial are available in the colors shown in Table 4. Where MIL-Pspeci
31、fications are involved, natural color only shall be supplied.6.3 Warp or TwistThe warp or twist shall not exceed thevalues prescribed in Table 5.6.4 Punching PropertiesThe grades of material differ intheir suitability for punching, but thin pieces of any of thegrades are permitted to be punched in s
32、imple shapes, providedgood punching practice is used, including sharp, close-clearance dies, proper stripper plates, and proper heatingconditions. When using good punching practice as outlinedbelow, the various grades shall punch satisfactorily in thicknessup to and including the maximum limits as p
33、rescribed in Table6. Where punching properties better than those listed in Table6 are required for particular parts, this shall be subject toagreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer. Ingood punching practice the edges of the piece shall be no closerto the edge of the strip than twice the
34、 thickness of the sheet, theholes shall be no smaller in diameter than the thickness of thesheet nor have square corners, and the distance between theholes or between the holes and the edge of the piece shall be noless than the thickness of the sheet. For thicker materials,depending upon the grade,
35、heating the material to a tempera-ture of 120 to 140C (approximately 15 min for material18 in.(3 mm) in thickness) is generally necessary for best punchingresults, although in Grade XP or XPC it is possible that thiswill make the material too soft. In this case, better results arelikely to be obtain
36、ed by heating at lower temperatures or for ashorter time. If more than 2 min elapse between the time thestrip leaves the heating medium and the last piece is punched,results will be poor.NOTE 8The punching properties of the cotton fabric-base grades andof the paper-base grades classed as punching st
37、ock are somewhat betterthan those of the other glass or nylon fabric-base grades.All grades can bepunched in thin thicknesses under suitable conditions.6.5 Machining PropertiesIn general, most of the gradescan be drilled, tapped, sawed, and machined. Grades X, XP,XPC, A, G-7, and N-1 are not recomme
38、nded for drilling and6Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094 Attn: NPODS.7Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.D709 172tapping parall
39、el with laminations. Grades XXX, CE, and LEare best suited to these operations.7. Detail Requirements for Sheets7.1 Sheet material shall conform to the requirements forphysical and electrical properties prescribed in Tables 7-12.7.2 Rate of BurningTests shall be conducted on laminatesfrom132 to14 in
40、. (0.8 to 6.4 mm) in thickness in accordancewith Method I of Test Methods D229. The rate of burning shallbe Class I for Grades FR-1, FR-2 and FR-3, and Class O forGrades FR-4, FR-5, CEM-1, G-5, G-7, G-9, and GPO-2.TABLE 1 Types and Grades of Laminated Thermosetting MaterialsD709GradeDesignationMIL-I
41、-24768 Specification Sheet Num-ber and GradeDesignationADescriptionType ICellulose Paper-Base Phenolic Resin (Unless Noted)X /12 Type PBM mechanicalXP /19 Type PBM-P mechanical; hot-punching stockXPC /20 Type PBM-PC mechanical; cold-punching and cold-shearing stockXX /11 Type PBG electrical and mech
42、anicalXXP /21 Type PBG-P electrical and mechanical; hot-punching stockXXX /10 Type PBE electrical and high humidityXXXP /22 Type PBE-P electrical and high humidity; hot-punching stockXXXPC /23 Type PBE-P punchable at lower temperature than Grade XXXPFR-1 /24 Type PBM-PF paper-base, flame-resistant,
43、similar to Grade XPFR-2 /25 Type PBE-PCF paper-base, flame-resistant, similar to Grade XXXPFR-3 /26 Type PEE flame-resistant, epoxy resin; electrical and mechanicalES-1 . mechanical; engraving stock usually melamine binderES-2 . mechanical; engraving stock usually melamine binderES-3 . mechanical; e
44、ngraving stock usually melamine binderType IICellulose Fabric-Base Phenolic ResinC /16 Type FBM mechanicalCE /14 Type FBG mechanical and electricalL /15 Type FBI mechanical; fine machiningLE /13 Type FBE mechanical and electrical; fine machiningType IVGlass-BaseG-3 /18 Type GPG continuous filament-t
45、ype glass cloth; phenolic resin, general purposeG-5 /8 Type GMG continuous filament-type glass cloth, melamine binder; general purpose;good arc and flame resistanceG-7 /17 Type GSG continuous filament-type glass cloth, silicone resin binder; good mechanicalstrength, heat and arc resistance; low diel
46、ectric losses and high insulationresistance under humid conditionsG-9 /1 Type GME continuous filament-glass cloth, melamine binder. Superior to Grade G-5 un-der wet conditions, good arc and flame resistanceG-10 /2 Type GEE continuous filament-type glass cloth, epoxy resin binder; high mechanicalstre
47、ngth good insulation resistance, dielectric loss, and dielectric strengthunder dry and humid conditionsG-11 /3 Type GEB continuous filament-type glass cloth, heat-resistant epoxy binder; propertiessimilar to Grade G-10 but higher flexural strength retained at elevated tem-peraturesFR-4 /27 Type GEE-
48、F continuous filament-glass cloth with a flame-resistant epoxy resin binder;properties similar to G-10FR-5 /28 Type GEB-F continuous filament-glass cloth with a heat- and flame-resistant epoxy resinbinder; properties similar to G11GPO-1 /4 Type GPO-1P Glass mat with polyester resin binder, for gener
49、al purposeGPO-2 /5 Type GPO-2P Glass mat with polyester resin binder, for general purpose and flame resis-tanceGPO-3 /6 Type GPO-3P Glass mat with polyester resin binder, for general purpose, flame resistanceand tracking resistanceGPO-1P /31 Type GPO-N-1P Glass mat with polyester resin binder, for general purpose, has better punch-ing performance than standard GPOGPO-2P /32 Type GPO-N-2P Glass mat with polyester resin binder, for general purpose, and flameresistance, has better punching performance than standard GPOGPO-3P /33 Type GPO-N-3P
