1、Designation: E2646 08Standard Specification forAmblyseius cucumeris (= Neoseiulus) Oudemans (Acarina:Phytoseiidae)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2646; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification includes standard terminology,classification, and referenced documents as well as descriptionof
3、the test methods for determining the number of Amblyseiuscucumeris Oudemans supplied on the bulk carrier or in slowrelease sachets. Description of the method for assessing thepurity of shipments is also included.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measu
4、rement are included in thisstandard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E2200 Specification for Information Included with Packag-ing of Multi-Cellular Biological Control Organisms(Withdrawn 2010)33. Terminology3.1 name of productAmblyseius cucumeris Oudemans.3.2 preferred host preyWestern flo
5、wer thrips (Franklin-iella occidentalis).3.3 onion thrips (Thrips tabaci)also cyclamen and broadmites.3.4 life stage when shippedall stages, eggs, nymphs,adults.4. Classification4.1 PhylumArthropoda.4.2 ClassArachnida.4.3 OrderAcarina.4.4 FamilyPhytoseiidae.4.5 GenusAmblyseius = Neoseiulus.4.6 Speci
6、escucumeris.5. Summary of Test Method (Determining the Number ofN. cucumeris Released from a Slow Release Sachet)5.1 The test describes methods for (1) estimation of thenumber of A. cucumeris released from sachet based on exam-ining a few randomly selected sachets per shipment, and (2)assessing the
7、purity of shipment.5.2 Afew sachets are chosen randomly from a shipment andeach sachet is suspended from a wire hanger and placed on asticky trap surface (“Catch it,” Silvandersson Sweden AB).Mites are allowed to disperse from sachets, and each week,mites caught on the sticky trap are counted and re
8、corded.6. Significance and Use6.1 The biological control of flower thrips by N. cucumerisis, in part, dependent on accurate release rates and consistentrelease pattern of N. cucumeris. Supplying fewer predatorymites than indicated on the label or restricting duration ofrelease may upset host-predato
9、r balance and could lead to thefailure of biological control. This test was developed for thebenefit of biocontrol producers and IPM practitioners.7. Materials7.1 Yellow sticky traps with a grid and coated with dry glue.7.2 A 20-cm high wire hanger.8. Test Unit8.1 A shipment of A. cucumeris is consi
10、dered a test unit.9. Pre-Test Conditions9.1 Samples could be held in a cool place at 10 to 20C outof direct sunlight for a maximum of 24 h before testing.10. Sample Size10.1 Choose four or more sachets from a shipment (needs tobe determined).1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Comm
11、ittee E35 onPesticides, Antimicrobials, and Alternative Control Agents and is the directresponsibility of Subcommittee E35.30 on Natural Multi-Cellular (Metazoan)Biological Control Organisms.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008. Published October 2008. DOI: 10.1520/E2646-08.2For referenced ASTM sta
12、ndards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.C
13、opyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesNOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information111. Testing and Calculation
14、s11.1 Suspend each sachet on a wire hanger and place on asticky trap surface, one per trap (Fig. 1). Laboratory evaluationshould be carried out under 16:8 D:N photoperiod 18 to 21Cand 75 to 80 % RH (relative humidity). When testing is carriedout in the greenhouse, place the sticky traps and sachet i
15、nsidea small cage (45 by 30 by 27 cm) made of a white breathablefabric (Fig. 2). Position the cage within the crop but away fromthe heating pipes.11.2 Allow mites to disperse until from the sachet until nomore mites are released; that is, six or more weeks. Change thesticky traps weekly and count an
16、d record the number of N.cucumeris caught on the trap. Calculate the average number ofthe predatory mites released per sachet12. Results12.1 The average number of A. cucumeris released persachet should be equal to or greater than the number specifiedon the package.13. Summary of Test Method (Determi
17、ning the Purityand Number of Live Adults and Nymphs in 1.5-LContainers with Amblyseius cucumeris)13.1 This test describes a method of estimating the numberof A. cucumeris in a standard 1.5-L package with bran carrier,based on a random sampling and counts of live nymph andadult predators.14. Signific
18、ance and Use14.1 The biological control of flower thrips by A. cucumerisdepends on accurate release numbers of predators and absenceof other harmful insects and mites. This test will be typicallyemployed by producers and users of the product to assess thenumber of live biological control agents deli
19、vered.15. Materials15.1 A mixing container larger than the product volume.15.2 1-mL measuring spoon.15.3 8-cm petri dishes.15.4 Sixteen dram vials.15.5 70 % alcohol in a wash bottle.15.6 Three sieves made from 150-mL wide mouth plasticjars the following mesh sizes:15.6.1 TopMesh pore size = 1200 mic
20、rons (standardwindow screen).15.6.2 MiddleMesh pore size = 700 microns.15.6.3 BottomMesh pore size = 75 microns.15.7 0.5 % dish-washing detergent solution in a wash bottle.15.8 9-cm diameter petri dishes.15.9 Mite-counting grid attached to a 9-cm petri dishbottom.15.10 Wide field 16 binocular micros
21、cope.15.11 Hand counter with three counters.16. Test Unit16.1 A single container of A. cucumeris is considered a testunit.17. Pre-Test and Test Conditions17.1 Acontainer could be held in a cool place at 10 to 20Cout of direct sunlight for a maximum of 24 hours beforetesting.18. Sample Preparation an
22、d Treatment18.1 Pour the contents of one shipping container into abucket larger than the sample and mix by stirring the branmixture thoroughly.18.2 Immediately collecta2mLsample with the measuringspoon and place into a vial with 10 mL or sufficient alcohol tocompletely wet the sample. Repeat mixing
23、and sampling forthe desired number of samples (3 minimum).18.3 For each sample collected:18.3.1 Thoroughly rinse the sample through the series ofsieves underneath a gentle flow of hot water (30C) for at leastone minute (the screens should be held slightly apart to obtainthe best water flow and preve
24、nt overflowing and loss ofsample). Remove the top sieve and rinse the remaining twoFIG. 1 Sticky Trap with Sachet Suspended from Wire HangerFIG. 2 Light Fabric Cage Containing Sticky Trap with Sachet Sus-pended from Wire HangerE2646 082screens for an additional 20 seconds and then remove thesecond (
25、middle) sieve.18.3.2 Using the soap solution, rinse the contents of thebottom sieve into the edge by holding the sieve on an angle,then rinse the entire contents into a petri dish base by invertingthe sieve over the dish while rinsing with the soap solution.Repeat this twice to be sure to remove the
26、 entire sample fromthe sieve. Use the minimum amount of soap solution to avoidover filling the dish.18.3.3 If the sample is to be counted immediately, soapbubbles may be removed by dripping a small amount of 95 %alcohol into the dish.18.3.4 Place the sample dish onto the counting grid andswirl it to
27、 evenly distribute the material in an even layer in thedish.18.3.5 For each 2 mL (cc) sample count the A. cucumerisadults and nymphs under 16 magnification in all blacksegments (pies) which form half of the area of the countinggrid. This count gives you the number per mL or cc of branmixture.NOTE 1M
28、ites that were dead prior to sampling appear a darker colorand flattened, with their legs curled inward. Live mites are rounder orfuller in appearance with legs spread outward.18.3.6 Calculate the average number of live mites permillilitre for all samples taken and multiply this number by thetotal v
29、olume in millilitre of the sampled container to determinethe total number of live mites present.18.4 To assess purity, examine the inside of the lid,container, and surface of bran mixture when opened and alsoidentify and record any unusual insect or mite found during thequantity test above.NOTE 2A.
30、cucumeris is cultured on a smaller grain mite, Acarus siroor Tyrophagus spp. These will appear as a contaminant but are necessaryas food for the A. cucumeris and not usually a problem under most useconditions.19. Interpretation of Data19.1 The total number of nymphs plus adult A. cucumerisshould be
31、equal to or greater than the label content numberspecified on the package.19.2 No live organisms other than A. cucumeris and the hostgrain mites should be found in this test.19.3 If any of the above conditions are not met, theshipment is considered below standard.20. Precision and Bias20.1 The preci
32、sion and bias of these methods have not beendetermined.21. Keywords21.1 Acarus siro; Amblyseius cucumeris; Neoseiulus cuc-umeris; purity; quantity; Tyrophagus spp.BIBLIOGRAPHY(1) van Lenteren, et al, “Guidelines for Quality Control of Commer-cially Produced Natural Enemies,” Quality Control and Prod
33、uctionof Biological Control AgentsTheory and Testing Procedures,J.C. van Lenteren, Ed., CABI Publishing, 2003, pp. 292294.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expre
34、ssly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised
35、, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may a
36、ttend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States
37、. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).E2646 083
