1、Designation: E3107 17aStandard Test Method forResistance to Penetration and Backface Deformation forBallistic-resistant Torso Body Armor and Shoot Packs1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3107; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption
2、or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method addresses resistance to ballistic pen-etration and to backfa
3、ce deformation (BFD) for ballistic-resistant torso body armor and shoot packs.1.2 This test method is intended for testing of soft bodyarmor, hard armor plates, in conjunction with armor, and shootpacks mounted on a clay block as the backing assembly.NOTE 1This test method does not apply to ballisti
4、c helmets, inserts,trauma packs, trauma plates, or accessories.1.3 The test method does not specify performance criteria orusage of the test results.1.4 This test method does not address conditioning of testitems.1.5 It is anticipated that this test method will be referencedby certifiers, purchasers
5、, or other users in order to meet theirspecific needs.1.5.1 Purchasers and other users will specify the ballistictest threats to be used. Within this test method, the referencedefining the ballistic test threats is called the “test threatsdocument.”1.5.2 In this test method, “other standards and spe
6、cifica-tions” and “unless specified elsewhere” refer to documents (forexample, military standards, purchase specifications) that re-quire the use of this test method. Purchasers and other users areresponsible for the “other standards and specifications” and forspecifying any requirements that supers
7、ede those of this testmethod.1.6 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-tion only and are not considered standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all
8、 of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in
9、 accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.
10、1 ASTM Standards:2E3004 Specification for Preparation and Verification of ClayBlocks Used in Ballistic-Resistance Testing of Torso BodyArmorE3005 Terminology for Body ArmorE3062 Specification for Indoor Ballistic Test Ranges forSmall Arms and Fragmentation Testing of Ballistic-resistant ItemsE3068 T
11、est Method for Contact Measurement of BackfaceDeformation in Clay Backing During BodyArmor TestingE3086 Practice for Creating Appliques for Use in Testing ofNonplanar Soft Body Armor Designed for Females2.2 ISO Standard:3ISO/IEC 17025:2005 General Requirements for the Compe-tence of Testing and Cali
12、bration Laboratories2.3 NIJ Standard:4NIJ Standard-0101.06 Ballistic Resistance of Body Armor3. Terminology3.1 For terms not defined in this test method, the followingdefinitions of Terminology E3005 apply: accessories, angle ofincidence, backface deformation, backing assembly, backingmaterial, back
13、ing fixture, body armor, complete penetration,fair hit, hard armor, in conjunction with armor, obliquity,1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E54 onHomeland Security Applications and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeE54.04 on Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).Cu
14、rrent edition approved Sept. 1, 2017. Published October 2017. Originallyapproved in 2017. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as E3107 17. DOI:10.1520/E3107-17A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Boo
15、k of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISOCentral Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier,Geneva, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.org.4Available
16、 from National Institute of Justice (NIJ), 810 7th St., NW, Washington,DC 20531, http:/nij.gov.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized prin
17、ciples on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1partial penetration, plate, shoot pack, shot-to-edge distance,shot-to-shot
18、 distance, soft body armor, stop, strike face, testitem, unfair hit, witness panel, and yaw.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 applique, na three-dimensional item made frombacking material that is shaped and sized for testing orconditioning a nonplanar test item.3.2.1.1 Discuss
19、ionSome appliques are designed for thepurpose of filling the entire space behind a nonplanar test item;other appliques are designed to assess features of a nonplanartest item.3.2.2 striking device, ndevice used on a clay block toestablish an appropriate, flat surface on the clay backingmaterial with
20、 respect to the backing fixture edges. E30043.2.3 test series, nthe set of all shots necessary to obtainthe required number of fair hits on a single test item or the setof all shots necessary over multiple test items to generateballistic response data.3.2.4 warmer round, na projectile fired from a r
21、eceiver orfirearm, prior to testing, to warm the test barrel.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method specifies the methods for assessingpenetration resistance and backface deformation for ballistic-resistant torso soft body armor, hard armor plates, in conjunc-tion with armor, and shoot packs.
22、4.2 Individual test items are subjected to ballistic tests withspecified test threats. The type and velocity of the test threatsare specified in a test threats document, and the number ofshots and shot pattern are specified in other standards orspecifications, or both.5. Significance and Use5.1 U.S.
23、 Department of Defense and U.S. Department ofJustice standards and specifications require assessing the pen-etration resistance and backface deformation of ballistic-resistant body armor.5.2 This test method may be used by private-sector andgovernment laboratories, manufacturers, research and develo
24、p-ment organizations, and others assessing the ballistic resistanceof body armor or performing research and development of newmaterials.5.3 It is intended that this test method be referenced by otherstandards, specifications, or test methods.6. Test Equipment and Apparatus6.1 Test threats shall be s
25、pecified in a separate test threatsdocument.6.2 The ballistic test range shall meet the requirements ofSpecification E3062.6.3 The method of measuring yaw may be with a yaw card,flash radiography, high speed video, or photography and shallbe capable of determining, at the point of measurement,whethe
26、r the angle of yaw was greater or less than 5.6.4 Clay blocks shall be used as backing assemblies behindtest items and shall meet the requirements of SpecificationE3004.6.5 Measurement of BFD may be performed using contactor non-contact measurement instruments, and other standardsand specifications
27、will specify which method to use.6.5.1 When the contact method for BFD measurement isused, the equipment shall be as specified in Test MethodE3068.7. Hazards7.1 The ballistic tests described in this test method haveinherent hazards. Adequate safeguards for personnel and prop-erty shall be employed w
28、hen conducting these tests.8. Sampling and Test Items8.1 The test items shall be individual soft armor panels, hardarmor plates, in conjunction with systems, or shoot packs.8.2 Test item details, including quantity, size, andconditioning, shall be specified in other standards and specifi-cations.NOT
29、E 2It is recommended that spare test items be provided.8.3 When the use of a spare test item is required, detailsabout selecting the appropriate spare item shall be specified inother standards and specifications.9. Test Requirements9.1 The intended angle of incidence, obliquity, or other shotdirecti
30、on details, if any, for all shots shall be specified in otherstandards and specifications.NOTE 3Typical angles of incidence are 0, 30, and 45, with mosttesting at an angle of incidence of 0.9.2 When warmer rounds are necessary, a number of testthreats shall be fired through the projectile firing sys
31、tem.NOTE 4Examples of when warmer rounds may be necessary include,but are not limited to, at the start of a new day of testing and uponreconfiguration of the test range.9.3 Unless specified elsewhere, each ballistic impact shallmeet the requirements listed below to be considered a fair hit.See Annex
32、 A1 for flowchart showing the decision logic fordetermination of fair hit.9.3.1 The test threat shall impact the test item at an angle ofincidence or obliquity within 5 from the intended angle.9.3.2 The test threat shall have yaw verified to be 5 usinga yaw card, flash radiography, high speed video,
33、 or photogra-phy. Yaw shall be checked for every test threat shot.9.3.2.1 The yaw measurement equipment shall be posi-tioned perpendicular to the projectile line of flight. The yawmeasurement equipment shall be securely mounted and an-chored to maintain its required position and alignment.9.3.2.2 Wh
34、en photographic means are used to assess theprojectile yaw angle, the assessment shall be made as close aspractical to the strike face of the test item but not more than305 mm (12 in.) from the front of the strike face.9.3.2.3 When yaw cards are used to assess the projectileyaw angle, unless specifi
35、ed elsewhere, the cards shall beE3107 17a2positioned between 51 and 305 mm (2 and 12 in.) from thefront of the strike face of the test item.9.3.3 The test threat shall impact the test item no closer tothe edge of the test item than the minimum shot-to-edgedistance. The measurement for shot-to-edge d
36、istance shall betaken from the center of the projectile impact to the nearestedge of the ballistic material in the test item. When notspecified elsewhere, the minimum shot-to-edge distance shallbe 51 mm (2 in.).NOTE 5Procedures for determining the edge of the test item should bespecified in other st
37、andards or specifications.9.3.4 For intended edge shots, the test threat shall impact thetest item no further from the edge than the maximum shot-to-edge distance.9.3.5 The test threat shall impact the test item no closer to aprior impact than the minimum shot-to-shot distance. Themeasurement for sh
38、ot-to-shot distance shall be taken from thecenter of one projectile impact to the center of another. Whenthe minimum shot-to-shot distance is not specified, the mini-mum shot-to-shot distance shall be 51 mm (2 in.).NOTE 6When assessing whether a particular impact location meetsthe minimum shot-to-sh
39、ot distance requirements, the shot-to-shot dis-tances should be measured from that impact location to all prior impactlocations.9.3.6 For grouped shots, the test threat impacts shall bewithin the specified spacing or pattern.9.3.7 The test threat shall impact the clay block no closerthan 106 mm (4.2
40、 in.) from the inside edge of the clay blockframe.9.3.8 The test threat velocity shall conform to the require-ments given in the test threats document. If no specification isgiven, the test threat velocity shall be within 69.1 m/s (630ft/s) of the required velocity.9.3.9 The velocity difference requ
41、irements of SpecificationE3062 shall apply.9.3.10 Details for specifying a shot outcome as a completepenetration or a partial penetration shall be specified in otherstandards and specifications.10. Mounting and Positioning of Soft Armor Test Itemson a Clay Block10.1 The testing of nonplanar soft arm
42、or test items intendedfor females requires the use of appliques as specified inPractice E3086, unless specified elsewhere.NOTE 7Appliques that may be needed for testing nonplanar softarmor test items other than those intended for females shall be specified inother standards and specifications. Testi
43、ng of planar soft armor test itemsdoes not require the use of appliques.10.2 The test item shall be positioned on a clay block suchthat the entire test item is supported. When the test itemexceeds the size of the clay block, install backing fixtureextensions coplanar with the backing material surfac
44、e to allowthe test item to be fully supported.10.3 The test item, and its applique(s) for nonplanar testitems, shall be held in contact with the clay block and securedusing approximately 50 mm (2.0 in.) wide elastic straps, heldclosed by hook-and-loop fasteners. Unless specified elsewhere,two vertic
45、al and three horizontal straps shall be positioned suchthat they do not interfere with the impact points on the testitem. Fig. 1 shows examples of strapping arrangements.10.4 The clay block shall be positioned to achieve properbullet impact location and angle (for example, angle ofincidence, obliqui
46、ty) of the test threat. For any shots requiringa nonzero angle of incidence, the clay block shall be rotated toachieve the appropriate angle.10.5 Between test threat impacts, the test item shall bemanipulated by hand so that any wrinkles or bunching in thetest item (caused by a previous shot) are sm
47、oothed out. Noeffort shall be made to recover any bullets trapped in the testitem until the test series is complete.NOTE 8Manipulation of a bullet is allowed if the bullet will interferewith subsequent shots. The test item may be removed if necessary tosmooth it out.10.5.1 The test item shall be rep
48、ositioned on the backingmaterial such that the test item is supported by smooth backingmaterial for a distance of no less than 76 mm (3.0 in.) in alldirections around the next shot location.NOTE 9Instructions related to striking the backing material betweenshots shall be specified by other standards
49、 and specifications.11. Ballistic Test Procedure for Soft Armor Test Items11.1 Acomplete test series for the assessment of penetrationresistance and backface deformation consists of individualballistic tests being conducted on a number of individual testitems, of specified size(s), as specified in other standards andspecifications.11.2 Unless specified in other standards or specifications,the shot placement, pattern, and angles of incidence shall be asspecified below and as shown in Fig. 2.11.2.1 All test items shall be marked to indicate the inten
