1、Designation: F1318 90 (Reapproved 2009)Standard Test Method forDetermination of Productivity Using Electrostatic CopyMachines with Various Configurations1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1318; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption
2、 or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of productiv-ity using electrostat
3、ic copy machines with various combina-tions of accessories and in different operating modes.1.2 The results from this test method will enable copymachine users to compare the productivity of similarlyequipped copiers to each other or the productivity of a copymachine can be compared with itself in i
4、ts various configura-tions.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations p
5、rior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F335 Terminology Relating to Electrostatic ImagingF995 Practice for Estimating Toner Usage in Copiers Utiliz-ing Dry Two-Component Developer3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 copy ratethe average number of copies per minutethat an electrostatic
6、 copy machine produces when a givennumber of copies are made of a given input load.3.1.2 productivity factorthe number of copies per minutethat an electrostatic copy machine produces on the averagewhen allowances are made for the effects of work load,accessories, feed time, warm-up, operating mode a
7、nd otherfactors which affect the output of the copier.3.1.3 For other definitions see Terminology F335.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The test method consists of two procedures for deter-mining the productivity of an electrostatic copy machine whenusing any combination of accessories or attachments.4.
8、1.1 Procedure A, Test Method For Measuring MachineProductivity, is a series of direct measurements of the timerequired to do specific numbers of copies under given circum-stances with selected accessories. It is intended to be quick andmachine dependent.4.1.2 Procedure B, Test Method For Measuring J
9、obProductivity, is a series of measurements of the various tasksand operations on a copy machine. It uses standard jobs, andarrives at overall productivity ratings which are both machineand operator dependent.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is used to determine the copy perminute rating
10、(productivity) of electrostatic copiers understandard conditions. It measures the time required to copy aspecific standard load on a copy machine. This productivityvalue is to be compared to the repeat copy rate for the samemachine to see if there is a change in the efficiency of themachine when var
11、ious accessories or combinations of acces-sories are added to or used on the machine, or when the workload changes. It can also be used to compare the efficiencies ofdifferent but similarly equipped copy machines. It is suitablefor productivity evaluation by the user, and in research anddevelopment.
12、6. Interferences6.1 The productivity of a copier can be affected by theattachment of an accessory whether it is operating or not. Thus,for a full comparison of the efficiency of a machine, it shouldbe tested with a given accessory removed, with it attached butnot operating, and with it attached and
13、operating. If two ormore copiers are being tested and compared, it is important tomaintain as equitable a situation as possible, with attachmentson all machines being used in the same state.6.2 Productivity can be affected by the paper input sourceselection and similar nuances in operation. The defa
14、ult condi-tions are not always the most efficient operating mode. Nor are1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F05 on BusinessImaging Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F05.04 onElectrostatic Imaging Products.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2009. Publis
15、hed February 2009. Originallyapproved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as F1318 90(2003).DOI: 10.1520/F1318-90R09.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume informati
16、on, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesNOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.Contact ASTM International
17、(www.astm.org) for the latest information1automatic selections necessarily faster than manual selections.Therefore it may be necessary to perform several trial opera-tions to optimize conditions.6.3 Some of the activities being timed in this test can beaffected by the ability of the operator. Theref
18、ore it is importantthat the test operator be as familiar with the test machine as theaverage operator in the field would be. For this test, theoperator should have read the operators manual thoroughly,and have operated the test machine several times before theactual test. If operator proficiency can
19、not be satisfactorilyachieved, the time extensions induced by operator activitiesmay be excluded from the calculations. However this should benoted in the report.6.4 This test method addresses only the measurement of thetime needed for the copy machine to operate. If office produc-tivity is to be me
20、asured, several other factors such as servicetime, supply availability, queuing time, etc., must be consid-ered. They are beyond the scope of this test method.6.5 In both test methods the number of copies to be made,the number of originals to be used and the number of runs tobe made were selected to
21、 fit as typical a set of cases as possible.However for a given situation restricting the measurement tothese values may not be adequate. Therefore the user of thismethod is advised to use values for number of copies, numberof originals, number of runs and other parameters so that thesituation is ade
22、quately covered and a fair equitable comparisoncan be made.7. Apparatus7.1 Copy Machine to be tested with instruction manuals andspecification sheets.7.2 Standard Test Load, Test Originals, a set of 8.5 by 11 in.originals. The number of sheets depends on the test beingperformed. The sheets should be
23、 reasonably flat, free from curl,unwrinkled, and neither crushed nor torn. A20 lb basis weight(17 in. by 22 in. 500 sheet ream) is preferred.7.3 Stopwatch or Timer, accurate to 0.1 s.7.4 Clock or Second Timer with a second hand.7.5 Supplies for the copy machine which meet the copymachine manufacture
24、rs specifications.8. Conditioning8.1 The test area shall be the normal office environment,within the temperature and humidity range recommended bythe copier manufacturer for normal use.8.2 All supplies and the standard test loads shall be in thesame room as the test machine for at least 24 h prior t
25、o the testso that the temperature and moisture content of the supplieswill have stabilized. Supplies should be kept in their normalwrappers or storage containers until needed.9. Procedure AMethod For Measuring MachineProductivity9.1 Prepare the test machine for operation in accordancewith the manufa
26、cturers instructions. Run the machine to seethat it is operating properly. Determine the proper settings forthe test so that the images will be of proper quality and allaccessories are functioning properly. If necessary, have thecopier serviced to avoid any problems.9.2 Preparing the OriginalsAny ty
27、ping typical of theoffice work environment may be used as an original for thesetests, however the 4 % “k” chart in Fig. 1 of Test Method F995is recommended. Two sets of originals are needed. One set willconsist of ten copies of the 4 %“ k” chart or other original.These are to be on one side of the s
28、heet of paper, and will beused for most of the tests. Make a second set of originals withthe pattern on both sides of the sheet of paper. This second setshould consist of five sheets of paper with the pattern on bothsides of the paper so that there are ten patterns on five sheetsof paper. The second
29、 set is for some of the duplexing tests.Number the individual “k” charts so that the copies can beuniquely identified. If extensive testing is to be done, severalsets of originals may be needed so that good, clean, flat,unwrinkled, and uncreased originals are always used.9.3 Machine Repeat Copy Rate
30、:9.3.1 Measure the machine repeat copy rate. This is thenumber of 8.5 by 11 in. copies the machine can produce in 1min from the same original after the first copy has been made.All accessories are off, and all paper is fed from the defaultsource and is in the default orientation. If the default tray
31、allows for feeding of the paper in either the short or longdirection, load the paper or set the machine so that in default itfeeds in the short direction. Note the feed direction.9.3.2 Place a copy of the “k” chart on the platen of thecopier. Check to see that the copier is turned on and ready toope
32、rate. Run one copy. Set the copier to produce eleven copies.Press the start button. When the trailing edge of the first copyexits the machine, start the stopwatch. When the trailing edgeof the eleventh copy exits the machine stop the stopwatch.9.4 First Copy Time:9.4.1 Measure the first copy time. T
33、his is the time the copieruses to produce one copy from one original.9.4.2 Set the copier paper feed as described in 9.3.1. Placeone original on the platen. Set the selector to make one copy ofthe original.9.4.3 Simultaneously start the stopwatch and press the startbutton on the copier. Stop the sto
34、pwatch when the trailing edgeof the copy exits the machine. Check the printed copy to seethat the copy is properly made and is of good quality. If therehas been a discrepancy, a blank sheet is found, or a jamoccurred, make note of this and then redo the test. The latterresult will be considered vali
35、d.9.5 Copy Rate in the Simplex Mode:NOTE 1To measure the copy rate in the simplex mode the copier mustbe equipped with a feeder. If the test copier is not so equipped, go to 9.6.9.5.1 Measure the copy rate in the simplex mode. This is thenumber of copies per minute that the copier can make for agive
36、n number of originals with a given number of copies fromeach original. Because the rate will depend on the load, a set ofthree values will be calculated. The series will consist ofmaking one copy each of ten originals, three copies each of tenoriginals, and five copies each of ten originals.F1318 90
37、 (2009)29.5.2 Set the copier paper feed as described in 9.3.1. Placethe first set of originals (the single-sided ones) in the feeder. Setthe selector to make one copy per original.9.5.3 Simultaneously start the stopwatch and press the startbutton on the copier. Stop the stopwatch when the “ready for
38、copying” prompt or indicator comes on. (If there is no readyindicator per se, stop the watch when the last copy drops intothe out tray, when the last original is ejected from the feeder, orother appropriate time.) Check the printed copies to see that allcopies were properly made and are of good qual
39、ity. If there hasbeen a discrepancy, a blank sheet is found or a jam occurred,make note of this and then redo the test. The latter result willbe considered valid.9.5.4 Set the copier paper feed as described in 9.3.1. Placethe first set of originals (the single-sided ones) in the feeder. Setthe selec
40、tor to make three copies per original. Set the sorter tosort and collate the three sets of copies. Repeat steps 9.5.3 to9.5.4. Report this result as the simplex rate with three copies.(To make this measurement the copier must be equipped witha feeder and sorter, with a feeder and offset stacking tra
41、y, orwith a recycling stack feeder. If the test copier is not soequipped, go to 9.6 below.)9.5.5 Set the copier paper feed as described in 9.3.1. Placethe first set of originals (the single-sided ones) in the feeder. Setthe selector to make five copies per original. Set the sorter tosort and collate
42、 the five sets of copies. Repeat steps 9.5.3 and9.5.4. Report this result as the simplex rate with five copies.9.6 Machine Copy Rate with Duplexing:9.6.1 Measure the copy rate with duplexing. This is thenumber of copies per minute that the copier can make for agiven number of originals with text on
43、one or both sides of theoriginals and the copying being done to one or both sides of thecopies. There are three types of duplexing: 1 to 2, 2 to 1 and 2to 2. Because the copy rate will depend on the load and theduplexing mode, each duplexing mode will be tested withoutputs of one, three and five set
44、s from ten originals.9.6.1.1 One to two duplexing is the copying of materialfrom originals with information on one side of the original tocopies with information on both sides of the copies. Thereshould be a one to one correspondence between originals andcopies in pages but there should be fewer she
45、ets of copiedpaper.9.6.1.2 Two to one duplexing is the copying of materialfrom originals with information on both sides of the original tocopies with information on one side of the copies. There shouldbe a one to one correspondence between originals and copies inpages but there should be more sheets
46、 of copied paper thanoriginal sheets of paper.9.6.1.3 Two to two duplexing is the copying of materialfrom originals with information on both sides of the original tocopies with information on both sides of the copies. Thereshould be a one to one correspondence between originals andcopies on both she
47、ets of paper and pages.9.6.2 To measure the 1 to 2 duplexing copy rate set thecopier paper feed as described in 9.3.1. Place the one-sided setof originals in the feeder. Set the selectors to make one copy ofthe originals in the 1 to 2 duplexing mode. (To make thismeasurement the copier must be confi
48、gured to do 1 to 2duplexing. If the test copier is not so designed, go to 9.6.6below.)9.6.3 Simultaneously start the stopwatch and press the startbutton on the copier. Stop the stopwatch when the “ready forcopying” prompt or indicator comes on. (If there is no readyindicator per se, stop the watch w
49、hen the last copy drops intothe out tray, when the last original is ejected from the feeder, orother appropriate time.) Check the printed copies to see that allcopies were properly made, are properly sorted and are of goodquality. If there is a discrepancy, a blank side is found, or a jamoccurs, make note of this and then redo the test. The latterresult will be considered valid.9.6.4 To measure the 1 to 2 duplexing copy rate for threesets, set the copier paper feed as described in 9.3.1. Place theone-sided set of originals in the feeder. Set the selectors tomake th
