1、Designation: C443M 11 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Specification forJoints for Concrete Pipe and Manholes, Using RubberGaskets (Metric)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C443M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of r
2、evision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specif
3、ication covers flexible watertight joints forconcrete pipe and precast manhole sections, using rubbergaskets for sealing the joints, where infiltration or exfiltration isa factor in the design. The specification covers the design ofjoints and the requirements for rubber gaskets to be usedtherewith,
4、for pipe conforming in all other respects to Speci-fication C14M, Specification C76M, or Specification C507Mand precast manhole section conforming in all other respects toSpecification C478M, provided that if there is conflict inpermissible variations in dimensions, the requirements of thisspecifica
5、tion for joints shall govern.1.2 This specification is the metric counterpart of Specifi-cation C443.NOTE 1This specification covers the design and performance of therubber gasket joint only. Joints covered by this specification are normallyadequate for hydrostatic pressures up to 90 kPa (9 m) witho
6、ut leakage,when tested per Section 9. Infiltration or exfiltration quantities for aninstalled pipeline are dependent upon many factors other than the joints,and allowable quantities must be covered by other specifications andsuitable testing of the installed pipeline and system.1.3 This internationa
7、l standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committe
8、e.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C14M Specification for Nonreinforced Concrete Sewer,Storm Drain, and Culvert Pipe (Metric)C76M Specification for Reinforced Concrete Culvert, StormDrain, and Sewer Pipe (Metric)C478M Specification for Circular Precast Reinforced Con-crete Manhole Sections
9、 (Metric)C507M Specification for Reinforced Concrete EllipticalCulvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe (Metric)C822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and RelatedProductsC1619 Specification for Elastomeric Seals for Joining Con-crete Structures3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms re
10、lating to concretepipe, see Terminology C822.4. Basis of Acceptance4.1 The acceptability of the pipe joints and gaskets shall bedetermined by the results of the physical tests prescribed in thisspecification, if and when required, and by inspection todetermine whether the pipe joints and gaskets con
11、form to thisspecification as to design and freedom from defects.5. Materials and Manufacture for Gaskets5.1 All rubber gaskets shall comply with SpecificationC1619 in terms of materials and manufacture. The gasketsshall be extruded or molded to the specified size within atolerance of 66 % on any dim
12、ension, measured at any crosssection.6. Physical Requirements for Gaskets6.1 Standard Gasket RequirementsAll rubber gasketsshall meet the dimensions, tolerances, and physical require-ments of Specification C1619, Class C.6.2 Oil Resistant Gasket RequirementsAll rubber gasketsshall meet the dimension
13、s, tolerances, and physical require-ments of Specification C1619, Class D.7. Design of Joints7.1 The manufacturer shall furnish the owner with thedetailed design of the joint or joints including design and1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 onConcrete Pipe and is the
14、direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.08 on Joints forPrecast Concrete Structures.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2017. Published September 2017. Originallyapproved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as C433M 11. DOI:10.1520/C0443M-11R17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the A
15、STM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. Unit
16、ed StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers
17、 to Trade (TBT) Committee.1durometer hardness of the rubber gasket proposed to befurnished under this specification.7.1.1 The joint design shall consist of a bell or groove onone end of a unit of pipe, and a spigot or tongue on the adjacentend of the joining pipe.7.1.2 All surfaces of the joint upon
18、 or against which thegasket is capable of bearing shall be smooth, free of spalls,cracks or fractures, and imperfections that would adverselyaffect the performance of the joint.7.1.3 The joints of the pipe shall be of such design that theywill withstand the forces caused by the compression of thegas
19、ket when joined, without cracking or fracturing when testedin accordance with Section 9.7.1.4 The angle of taper on the conic surfaces of the insideof the bell or groove and the outer surface of the spigot ortongue where the gasket seats shall be not more than 3.5measured from the pipe axis, except
20、that tapers up to 5 are notprohibited if proven adequate by plant tests as specified inSection 9 and approved by the owner. The conic surface on thespigot or tongue shall be modified to properly contain and seatthe gasket.7.1.5 The annular space between the gasket-bearing sur-faces of the assembled
21、and centered joint shall be not morethan 75 % of the uncompressed thickness of the applied gasketincluding the manufacturers tolerances of the joint and gasket.The joint design shall provide for the deflection of a pipe unitby opening one side of the outside perimeter of the joint 13 mmwider than th
22、e assembled position without reducing its water-tightness. Where greater deflections are required than providedby the joint design, beveled joints or elbows must be provided.7.1.6 The gasket shall be the sole element depended upon tomake the joint flexible and watertight. The gasket shall be acontin
23、uous ring of circular or non-circular cross-section whichfits snugly into the annular space between the overlappingsurfaces of the assembled pipe joint to form a flexiblewatertight seal.7.1.7 The gasket shall not be stretched more than 30 % of itsoriginal circumference when seated on the spigot or t
24、ongue endof the pipe.7.1.8 Where the particular design utilizing a rubber gasketdictates the use of a lubricant to facilitate assembly, thelubricant composition shall have no detrimental effect on theperformance of the gasket and joint due to prolonged exposure.NOTE 2Joints in an assembled position
25、are defined as joints in theposition after assembly in accordance with the manufacturers design.7.2 Alternative Joint DesignsWhen agreed upon by theowner, manufacturers are not prohibited from submitting to theowner detailed designs for joints and gaskets other than thosedescribed in Section 7. Desi
26、gn submissions shall include jointgeometry, tolerances, gasket characteristics, proposed planttests, gasket splice bend tests, and such other information asrequired by the owner to evaluate the joint design for fieldperformance. Joints and gaskets of alternative joint designsshall at least meet all
27、test requirements of this specification ifpermitted by the owner. Alternative joint designs shall beacceptable provided the designs are approved by the ownerprior to manufacture and provided the test pipe comply withthe specified tests.8. Permissible Variations in Dimensions8.1 The planes formed by
28、the ends of nonbeveled pipe shallnot vary from the perpendicular to the pipe axis by more than5 mm for internal diameters or equivalent diameters 750 mmand smaller; or by more than 6 mm for internal diameters orequivalent diameters 825 to 1350 mm inclusive; or not morethan 10 mm for internal diamete
29、rs or equivalent diameters1500 mm and larger.8.2 The manufacturers tolerances for the width of theannular space between the gasket bearing surfaces shall notvary by more than 610 % of the uncompressed thickness ofthe applied gasket.9. Performance Requirements for Joints9.1 When required by the owner
30、, assembled joints shall passthe following performance tests without leakage at the joints,and the manufacturer shall have the option of allowing theassembled joints to stand under a pressure of 90 kPa or less, fora maximum of 24 h prior to the test:9.1.1 Pipes in Straight AlignmentHydrostatic press
31、uretests on joints shall be made on an assembly of two sections ofpipe, properly connected in accordance with the joint design.At the option of the owner, a second such test shall be required.Suitable bulkheads shall be provided either within the pipeadjacent to and on either side of the joint, or a
32、t the outer endsof the two joined pipe sections. No fillings or packings shall beplaced prior to watertightness tests. After the pipe sections arefitted together with the gasket or gaskets in place, the assemblyshall be subjected to an internal hydrostatic pressure of 90 kPa(9 m) pressure head for 1
33、0 min. Moisture or beads of waterappearing on the surface of the joint will not be considered asleakage. If leakage of joints should initially occur, the manu-facturer shall have the option to extend the test period up to 24h.9.1.2 Pipes in Maximum Deflected PositionUpon comple-tion of the test for
34、pipes in straight alignment in 9.1.1, the testsections shall be deflected to create a position 13 mm widerthan the assembled position on one side of the outsideperimeter of each joint and shall be subjected to an internalhydrostatic pressure of 70 kPa for 10 min. Moisture or beads ofwater appearing
35、on the surface of the joint will not beconsidered as leakage.9.1.3 Unless prohibited by the owner at or before the time ofplacing an order for pipe with diameters 900 mm or larger, themanufacturer has the option to test the pipe joint for water-tightness to the parameters established in 9.1.1 and 9.
36、1.2 bymethods which pressurize the rubber gasketed joint eitherinternally or externally.10. Storage10.1 The lubricant shall be stored in accordance to thelubricant manufacturers recommended temperature range.11. Inspection11.1 The quality of the materials and the finished pipe jointand gasket shall
37、be subject to inspection and approval by aninspector employed by the owner.C443M 11 (2017)212. Certification12.1 When requested by the owner, the manufacturer shallfurnish written certification that the joint lubricant conforms toall requirements of this specification for the specific gasketssupplie
38、d.13. Marking13.1 LubricantThe following information shall be clearlymarked on each container of lubricant.13.1.1 Name of lubricant manufacturer.13.1.2 Usable temperature range for application and stor-age.13.1.3 Shelf life.13.1.4 Lot or batch number.14. Repairs14.1 Spalled areas, manufacturing impe
39、rfections, or damageduring handling, of each pipe end, are not prohibited frombeing repaired and will be acceptable, if in the opinion of theowner, the repaired pipe conforms to the requirements of 7.1.2;provided the circumferential length of a single area to berepaired shall not exceed one fourth o
40、f the inside diameter orequivalent diameter of the pipe or the circumferential length ofseveral areas combined does not exceed one half of the insidediameter or equivalent diameter of the pipe.14.2 At the option of the owner, the pipe joint that has beenrepaired shall be subjected to the designated
41、hydrostatic test inaccordance with 9.1.1 and shall be accepted if it passes thehydrostatic test requirements.15. Rejection15.1 Pipe joints and gaskets shall be subject to rejectionupon failure to conform to any of the requirements of thisspecification. Pipe that is damaged because of carelessness or
42、continuing failure to prevent recurrent imperfections in manu-facture or damage during handling shall be subject to rejection.15.2 Gaskets shall be subject to rejection whenever theyshow surface checking, weathering, or other deterioration priorto installation in the work.16. Keywords16.1 concrete p
43、ipe; joints; rubber gasketsASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infri
44、ngement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standar
45、d or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your view
46、s known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contactin
47、g ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 11 (2017)3
