1、Designation: C557 03 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Specification forAdhesives for Fastening Gypsum Wallboard to WoodFraming1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C557; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the y
2、ear of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification includ
3、es properties and covers mini-mum performance standards for adhesives intended to bond theback surface paper of gypsum wallboard to wood framingmembers.1.2 This specification also covers test requirements and testmethods for the adhesive used for the application of allthicknesses of gypsum wallboard
4、.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, ass
5、ociated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized princi
6、ples on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C1396/C1396M Specification for Gy
7、psum BoardD905 Test Method for Strength Properties of AdhesiveBonds in Shear by Compression LoadingD907 Terminology of AdhesivesE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test Methods3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsMany terms in t
8、his specification are de-fined in Terminology D907.4. Significance and Use4.1 The specification applies to adhesives for bonding theback surface paper of gypsum wallboard of any thickness towood-framing members.4.2 This specification provides a basis for ensuring thequality of the adhesives.4.3 Alth
9、ough the bonds rendered by these adhesives shallhave enough strength by themselves to maintain the bondbetween adherends, they are not intended as a substitute for thecommon practice of using mechanical fasteners to maximizeintegrity of drywall-wood-framing structures.4.4 The tests are suitable for
10、products performance certifi-cation and quality control programs and can be useful to thegeneral public, adhesive manufacturers, distributors, specifiers,architects, contractors, testing laboratories and other businessesand professionals4.5 The results do not include all possible conditions, whichma
11、y occur during final assembly, but indicate a set of perfor-mance characteristics for laboratory controlled bonding vari-ables.5. Adhesive Physical Property Requirements5.1 AdhesivesThe adhesives shall be uniform, homoge-neous mixtures of elastomeric polymers or viscoelastic resins,or both, free of
12、lumps or foreign matter.5.1.1 WorkabilityWhen applied to the framing memberwith a caulking gun or notched trowel, or both, in accordancewith the manufacturers instructions, the adhesive shall exhibita consistency capable of ensuring non-sagging properties.5.1.2 Open TimeThe adhesive shall have an op
13、en assem-bly time of between 10 to 20 min to give the user sufficient1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 onAdhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.70 on ConstructionAdhesives.Current edition approved April 1, 2017. Published May 2017. Originally
14、approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C557 03 (2009)1.DOI: 10.1520/C0557-03R17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards D
15、ocument Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recog
16、nized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1time to apply and, if necessary, reposition the gypsum wall-boar
17、d at ambient temperatures, ranging from 40 to 100F (4 to38C).5.1.3 Storage LifeThe adhesive shall remain serviceableand meet all the requirements of this specification for not lessthan six months after delivery, when stored in original un-opened containers at temperatures ranging from 40 to 85F (4to
18、 30C).6. Adhesive Performance Property Requirements6.1 The adhesives shall conform to the requirements sum-marized in Table 1.7. Sampling7.1 The test adhesive sample size of 1 qt (approximately 1L) is a minimum amount to complete one full series of testing.The sample is to be handled and stored acco
19、rding to themanufacturers recommendations. For qualification testing, thesample is to be representative of the final product for whichrecognition is sought.8. Materials and Apparatus for Conducting Tests8.1 Gypsum Wallboard12-in. (12.7-mm) thick, complyingwith Specification C1396/C1396M; the dimensi
20、ons are speci-fied in each test.8.2 Plywood58-in. (15.9-mm) or1932-in (15.1-mm) U.S.Product Standard PS-1-95 grade marked stamped commercialplywood, Group 1 Species, exterior glue, or sanded exteriorgrade plywood, underlayment type, with A grade face ply forthe adhesion surface.8.3 Douglas-fir Dimen
21、sion LumberNominal 2 by 4, 112by 112 by 312-in. (38.0 by 38.0 by 89.0 mm); No. 1,straight-grained, and knot-free; the dimensions are specified ineach test.8.4 Polyvinyl Acetate AdhesiveAny commercially avail-able product.8.5 SpacersNo. 20 gauge (American Standard or B&S)bronze or brass wire132-in. (
22、0.8-mm) diameter.8.6 TrowelsPlastic or metal with316-in. (4.76-mm) deepV-notches.8.7 Compression Shear Test FixtureA compression-shearapparatus that is similar to, but of a larger scale than the fixturerecommended in Test Method D905.Asimilar fixture is shownin Fig. 1.8.8 Tensile Test FixtureAn asse
23、mbly of one 5 by 5 by12-in. (127 by 127 by 12.7-mm) thick steel plate and two 112by 112-in. by14-in. thick by 6-in. long (38.1 by 38.1 by6.4-mm thick by 152-mm long) steel angle sections. See Fig. 2.8.9 Scaffold Nails6d, common, double-head, smoothshaft, 0.113-in. (2.87-mm) diameter, 2 in. (51 mm) l
24、ong.8.10 Testing MachineAny suitable testing machine that iscapable of operation at a constant rate of motion of themoveable head and has a force measurement accuracy of 61%when calibrated in accordance with Practices E4.8.11 Wood Screw with Eyelet#6 by 112-in. (38.1-mm)long, with a38-in. (9.5-mm) i
25、nside diameter eyelet.8.12 Plywood Shim58-in. (15.9-mm) or1932-in. (15.1-mm) thick plywood with dimensions of 4 by 312 in. (101.6 by88.9-mm) for shear test specimens and 4 by 4 in. (101.6 by101.6-mm) for tensile test specimens.9. Conditioning of Materials and Specimens (StandardConditions)9.1 Condit
26、ion the gypsum wallboard, plywood, andDouglas-fir, lumber to a constant weight at 73 6 2F (23 61C) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity, unless specified other-wise.TABLE 1 Adhesive Properties and Performance RequirementsTest MethodReferenceNumberProperty Condition RequirementsRate of shear strength devel
27、opment 10.1.4 shear strength 24 h at Std. Cond. 10 psi (69 kPa) min10.1.5 shear strength 14 days at Std. Cond. 40 psi (276 kPa) min10.1.6 shear strength 14 days at Std. Cond., + cycliclab exposure, + 2 days atStd. Cond.32 psi (220 kPa) min10.1.7 shear strength (a) 178 N (40 lbf) for 24 h atStd. Cond
28、.no bond separation(b) 89 N (20 lbf) for 24 h at100Fno bond separationRate of tensile strength development 10.2.3 tensile strength 24 h at Std. Cond. 15 psi (103 kPa) min10.2.4 tensile strength 14 days at Std. Cond. 25 psi (172 kPa) minAdhesive open-time determination 10.3 open-time 24 h at Std. Con
29、d. 75 % paper transfer, minSubstrate wet-out by adhesive1. Plywood 10.4.1 wet-out spatula applied good wetting property2. Wallboard 10.4.2 wet-out spatula applied good wetting propertyBridging 10.5 gap filling 48 h at Std. Cond. adhesive bond line is maintained -report paper failure %Accelerated adh
30、esive aging 10.6 accelerated aging 500 h at 70C (158F) no fracture into separate piecesFreeze-thaw stability 10.7 low-temperature storage 3 cycles of:24 h at -17C (0F) + 24 h atStd. Cond.no change in workability; 10 psi(69 kPa) shear strength, minSuitability as a laminating adhesive for vinyl-covere
31、d wallboard10.8.1 compatibility 24 h at 38C (100F) no blistering, vinyl-film discoloration,or bond failure10.8.2 staining 1 h at Std. Cond. no swelling or discolorationC557 03 (2017)29.2 Subject all test adhesives and test specimens to standardconditioning for time period indicated at 73 6 2F (23 6
32、1C)and 50 6 5 % relative humidity unless specified otherwise.10. Test Methods10.1 Shear Strength (Rate-of-Shear Strength Development):FIG. 1 Shear Strength Test Specimen in Text FixtureFIG. 2 Tensile Strength Specimen in Text FixtureC557 03 (2017)310.1.1 Preparation of Gypsum Wallboard-PlywoodLamina
33、tesEach laminate is constructed by bonding a piece of4by312 by12-in. thick (102 by 89 by 12.7-mm) gypsumwallboard front paper surface paper to a58-in. (15.9 mm) or1932-in. (15.1-mm) plywood shim of the same dimensions witha commercially available PVA adhesive. The plywood rein-forces the gypsum wall
34、board to prevent fracture before theultimate shear load can be achieved. The grain of the gypsumwallboard back surface paper is parallel with the 312-in.(89-mm) direction.10.1.2 Preparation of Shear Strength Test SpecimensPrepare the number of test specimens indicated in 10.1.4 10.1.7 by bondinga4by
35、312 in. (102 by 89-mm) pieceplywood to the previously prepared wallboard-plywood lami-nate as follows:10.1.2.1 Spread the test adhesive onto the plywood bondingsurface with a trowel having316-in. (4.8-mm) deep V-notchesso that the adhesive ridges are parallel to the grain of wood.During application
36、hold the trowel at an approximate 90 angleto the receiving surface.10.1.2.2 Insert six wire spacers No. 20 gauge at least 2-in.(51.0-mm) long in the joint 1-in. 6116-in. (25.4 6 1.6-mm).Position the spacers so that one is on the centerline of thebonded area (perpendicular to the ridges), and the oth
37、ers are1-in. (25.4-mm) away from the center spacers and parallel to it.10.1.2.3 Allow an open time of 30 s 6 5 s upon completionof spreading.10.1.2.4 Squarely position the gypsum wallboard-plywoodlaminate back surface paper onto the adhesive coated plywoodwith the overlapping 212 6116-in. (63.5 6 1.
38、6-mm), thusforming the 10-in.2(64.5-cm2) bonded area. See Fig. 3.10.1.2.5 Immediately following assembly, compress eachtest specimen under a uniformly distributed load of 15 lb (67N) for a period of 3 to 3-12 min.10.1.2.6 After the 3 to 3-12 min period, remove the load,withdraw the spacers, wipe the
39、 excess adhesive from thebonded edges with a square-edged spatula taking care not todisturb the alignment of the bonded pieces.10.1.3 Shear Strength DeterminationAfter completing theappropriate conditioning, test the specimen in shear using acompression-shear test fixture as shown in Fig. 1. The bot
40、tomedge of the wallboard-plywood laminate rests on self-aligningseat as the test loading is simultaneously applied to the topedge of the single plywood. The stress applied is parallel anduniformly distributed to the bond line shear plane and requirescareful orientation using shims and self-aligning
41、apparatus asnecessary. Determine the shear strength at a crosshead speed of0.50-in/min (12.7-mm/min). Observations are made duringstress application to ensure the test assembly maintains properalignment and the fixture operates without binding or frictionthroughout the test. Record the maximum shear
42、 strength andthe average shear strength for the 24 h, 14day, cycle exposure,and static load test conditions.10.1.4 Shear Strength After 24 h:10.1.4.1 Prepare five test assemblies using the procedure in10.1.1 and 10.1.2.10.1.4.2 After aging the assemblies 24 h 6 1 h at standardcondition (9.1), determ
43、ine the shear strength in accordancewith 10.1.3.10.1.5 Shear Strength After 14 Days:10.1.5.1 Prepare five test assembliess using the procedure in10.1.1 to 10.1.2.FIG. 3 Shear Strength Test Specimen AssemblyC557 03 (2017)410.1.5.2 After aging the assemblies 14 days at standardcondition (9.1), determi
44、ne the shear strength in accordancewith 10.1.3.10.1.6 Shear Strength After Cyclic Exposure:10.1.6.1 Prepare five test assemblies using the procedure in10.1.1 and 10.1.2.10.1.6.2 After aging the assemblies 14 days at standardcondition (9.1), process the assemblies through four completecycles (see Tab
45、le 2). Store the assemblies at standard condi-tions (9.1) for 24 h after each cycle.10.1.6.3 At the end of the cycling, condition the testspecimens for 2 days in standard conditions and determine theshear strength in accordance with 10.1.3.10.1.7 Shear Strength for Static Load:10.1.7.1 Prepare ten a
46、ssemblies using the procedure in10.1.1 and 10.1.2.10.1.7.2 Condition the shear test specimens 14 days atstandard conditions.10.1.7.3 Subject five shear test specimens to a static load of40 lbf (178 N) at 73 6 2F (23 6 1C) and five shear testspecimens to 20 lbf (89 N) at 100.2 6 2.0F (38 6 1C) for ap
47、eriod of 24 h. When testing, the wallboard/plywood laminateshould be fixed to a rigid frame. The full test load is applied tothe unsupported single plywood side of the adhesive bondline.10.1.7.4 At the end of the 24 h period, examine the testspecimen bondline for indication of separation. Such separ
48、a-tion is regarded as a failure.10.2 Tensile Strength (Rate of Tensile Strength Develop-ment):10.2.1 Preparation of Tensile Test SpecimensPrepare eachtensile test specimen as follows:10.2.1.1 Prepare the number of test specimens indicated in10.2.3 and 10.2.4. Each tensile test specimen consists ofa4
49、by4by12 in. (101.6 by 101.6 by 12.7 mm) thick gypsumwallboard, and 112 by 112 by 312 in. (38 by 38 by 89 mm)Douglas-fir lumber block. See Fig. 4. If necessary reinforce thegypsum wallboard by constructing a gypsum wallboard-plywood laminate for testing with the method described in10.1.1. Drill a pilot hole for the wood screw with eyelet at theapproximate center into the Douglas-fir block end face. Thepilot hole is drilled straight and parallel with the blocks length.The wood screw
