1、2014年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试英语（山东卷带解析） 其他 阅读下面的短文并用英语回答问题，然后将答案：写到答题卡相应的位置上（请注意问题后的字数要求）。 1 Nowadays the cost of a new car has fallen in real terms so that it is cheaper than ever to own one, and better road conditions have also attracted more drivers. The result is overcrowding on the road system, which is
2、one of the problems the local governments are faced with. 2 When people travel to other towns, the problem might be relieved by getting them to park outside the town. Buses could be provided to take them into the centre. These Park and Ride projects are increasingly popular in the UK. At Southerton,
3、 for example, a council-funded project led to a 15% drop in city centre traffic over five months. 3 What the council found, though, was that the project proved somewhat unpopular with shop owners in the area outside the centre. Many of their shops relied on passing car drivers for some of their trad
4、e. As the number of people driving past dropped, so did their incomes. 4 Making car driving expensive is another way of _. Road taxes tend to mean that people use their cars less. Fining drivers who are in areas where cars have been banned can also tend to encourage them to leave their cars behind.
5、5 However, one thing has to be got right for any solution to succeed. If we expect people to give up the habit of driving, we must give them an alternative they can rely on. Constant delays, unannounced changes to the timetable and sudden cancellations all discourage people from using public transpo
6、rt. People will only see it as a real choice if the buses and trains are on time. 【小题 1】 What causes overcrowding on the road system according to Paragraph 1 (no more than 12 words) _ 【小题 2】 What should people do when traveling to other towns according to the Park and Ride projects (no more than 10
7、words) _ 【小题 3】 Why were some shop owners unhappy about the project (no more than 10 words) _ 【小题 4】 Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4. ( no more than 8 words) _ 【小题 5】 Why are people unwilling to use public transport according to Paragraph 5 (no more than 8 words) _ 答案： 【小题 1】 The reduced/lowered co
8、st of a new car and better road conditions 【小题 2】 They should park outside the town, and take the bus to the centre. 【小题 3】 Their incomes dropped because fewer people drove past. 【小题 4】 encouraging people to use public transport more encouraging people to use their cars less relieving the problem( o
9、f overcrowding) 【 小题 5】 Because public transport is not reliable/satisfactory. 试题分析：随着汽车价格的逐渐下降，公路状况越来越好，路上的汽车也就越来越多了。结果就使得公路严重拥挤。本文就解决道路拥挤问题提出建议，如何才能让司机放弃开车选择公交。 【小题 1】根据第一段句子 “the cost of a new car had fallen” 和 “better road conditions have also attracted more drivers.”可以写出答 案：为： The reduced/lower
10、ed cost of a new car and better road conditions 【小题 2】根据第二段句子 “ the problem might be relieved by getting them to park outside the towntake them to the center” 可以写出答案： They should park outside the town, and take the bus to the centre. 【小 题 3】根据第三段最后一句 “As the number of people so did their incomes.”可知
11、，开车经过商场的人少了，商店的收入也就会随着减少。所以答案：为Their incomes dropped because fewer people drove past. 【小题 4】根据第四段空格所在的句子 “使开车费用增加也是一种方法 ”说明上文已经提到了解决什么问题的方法。根据第二段开头句子 “When people .the problem might be relieved of getting them to park outside the town.”可知，使开车的费用增加也是一种减轻交通拥挤问题的方法。因此可以写出答案： relieving the problem( of o
12、vercrowding)。根据下文提到 “road taxes”和 “finding drivers”等两项费用问题可以促使更多的司机不开车，所以这也是一种鼓励司机不开车乘公交车的一种方法。因此可以写出答案： encouraging people to use public transport more或 encouraging people to use their cars less 【小题 5】根据最后一段句子 “If we expect.rely on”说明，我们想让人们放弃开车的想法必须给他们值得信赖的选择。接着后面列举了一些公交车的弊端，比如耽搁时间，随意更换时间，突然取消等等问题
13、都不能让人们真正信赖公交。所以可以总结出答案： Because public transport is not reliable/satisfactory. 考点：考查阅读表达 单项选择 * Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time-consuming than we_. A will expect B are expecting C expect D had expected 答案： D 试题分析：从语境看，写请柬这个动作已经发生是过去的动作，预期的动作是发生在写请柬的过去，所以要用过去完成时。句意为：手写这些请柬比预期的要费
14、时的多。答案：选择 D。 考点：考查时态和语态。 【知识拓展】时态的选择要根据语境中提示的时间状语进行选择，或根据句意体会所要填的动词的动作发生在什么时候从而确定时态。在选择过去完成时时，句子中常会有相应的一个过去时作为参考，而要填的动词的动作发生在这个过去的动作之前，才能用过去完成时。 A company _profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad. A which B whose C who D why 答案： B 试题分析：这是一个定语从句， a company 是先行词， profit和
15、a company是所属关系，所以要用关系代词 whose。句意为：在国内市场利润减少的公司可能会寻求国外发展的机会。故答案：选 B。 考点：考查定语从句的用法。 Its standard practice for a company like this one_ a security officer. A employed B being employed C to employ D employs 答案： C 试题分析： it是形式主语，真正的主语是后 面的动词不定式。句意为：像这样的一个公司雇用一名保安是惯例。故答案：选 C。 考点：考查非谓语动词。 Is Anne coming tom
16、orrow _.If she were to come, she would have called me. A Go ahead B Certainly C Thats right D I dont think so 答案： D 试题分析：由答语中的 “If she were to come， she would have called me.”可知，Anne没有给说话者打电话，由此可推知，说话者认为 Anne明天不会来。句意为： Anne 明天来吗？ 我想她不会来。如果她想来就会给我打电话了。 A项意为 “继续，可以 ”； B项意为 “当然 ”； C项意为 “好吧 ”； D项意为 “我不这
17、样认为 ”。根据句意可知，答案：选 D。 考点：考查交际用语。 It is difficult for us to imagine_ life was like for slaves in the ancient world. A where B what C which D why 答案： B 试题分析： imagine后需要一个宾语， “life was like” 做 imagine的宾语需要一个不做句子成分的引导词，同时这个句子中 like缺少宾语，所以空格处缺少一个兼词 what。句意为：很难想象古代奴隶的生活是什么样子的。故答案：选 B。 考点：考查宾语从句的用法。 There i
18、s a note pinned to the door_ when the shop will open again. A saying B says C said D having said 答案： A 试题分析：在这个句子中 note和 say是主动关系，所以要用 saying。此处saying引导的句子做伴随状语。句意为：门上钉着张纸条，写着这家商店什么时候再营业。故答案：选 A。 考点：考查非谓语动词。 【知识拓展】非谓语动词的选择要根据所填的动词及它所要修饰的逻辑主语之间的关系确定。 doing 表主动表进行； done 表被动表完成； to do 表目的表将来。 They made
19、 up their mind that they_ a new house once Larry changed jobs. A bought B would buy C have bought D had bought 答案： B 试题分析： once引导的是条件状语从句，根据主句将来时从句一般现在时的用法可知，从句一般过去时，主句应是一般将来时的过去时。句意为：他们打算只要 Larry换了工作他们就买新房子。故答案：选 B。 考点：考查时态和语态。 Susan made_ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.
20、 A that B this C it D her 答案： C 试题分析：这是一个宾语从句， make的宾语是 that引导的句子，在本句中用 it做形式宾语代指 that引导的宾语从句。句意为： Susan向我表明她希望能过上新的生活。故答案：选 C。 考点：考查代词辨析。 This apple pie is too sweet, dont you think so _. I think its just right, actually. A Not really B I hope so C Sounds good D No wonder 答案： A 试题分析：由答语中的 “I think
21、It is just right”可知，说话者认为这个苹果饼的甜度刚刚好，所以答语中要表示不同意。句意为： 这个苹果饼太甜了，你觉得呢？ 不见得吧。我觉得刚刚好。 A项意为 “不见得，不是这样 ”； B项意为 “我希望是这样 ”； C 项意为 “听起来不错 ”； D 项意为 “难怪 ”。根据句意可知，答案：选 A。 考点：考查情景交际。 I dont really like the author,_ I have to admit his books are very exciting. A although B unless C until D once 答案： A 试题分析：句意为：我真的
22、不喜欢这个作家，尽管我不得不承认他的书很令人兴奋。 A项意为 “尽管 ”； B项意为 “除非 ”； C项意为 “直到 ”； D项意为 “一旦 ”。根据句意可知，答案：选择 A。 考点：考查连词辨析。 【知识拓展】状语从句连词的选择第一要知道各个选项中的连词的各种意思，第二根据句意进行确定。 完型填空 There was a pet store and the owner had a parrot. One day a walked in and the parrot said to the man ,“Hey you!” The man said, “What! ” The parrot sa
23、id, “Your is really ugly.” The man got very and went to the store owner and said, “Your bird just my wife. It said she was ugly.” The owner stormed over, the bird, took it into the “black room,” shook it a bit, out a few feathers, and said, “Dont ever, ever say anything to my customers again. You go
24、t that！ ” With that he took the bird and put it back into its cage. The old bird shook out its and relaxed in its cage. A couple of weeks and in walked this guy and his wife again. The parrot said, “Hey you!” The guy said, “What! ” The parrot answered, “You know that.” 【小题1】 A group B team C couple
25、D crowd A wife B sister C mother D daughter A curious B nervous C guilty D angry A greeted B puzzled C offended D scared A hugged B seized C trained D rescued A sent B handed C pulled D dug A touch B amuse C cheat D embarrass A warning B comment C suggestion D request A eyes B feathers C fur D skin
26、A lasted B arrived C appeared D passed 答案： 【小题 1】 C 【小题 2】 A 【小题 3】 D 【小题 4】 C 【小题 5】 B 【小题 6】 C 【小题 7】 D 【小题 8】 A 【小题 9】 B 【小题 10】 D Charlotte Whitehead was born in England in 1843, and moved to Montreal, Canada at the age five with her family. While her ill elder sister throughout the years, Charl
27、otte discovered she had a(an) in medicine. At 18 she married and a family. Several years later, Charlotte said she wanted to be a . Her husband supported her decision. , Canadian medical schools did not women students at the time. Therefore, Charlotte went to the United States to study at the Womens
28、 Medical College in Philadelphia. It took her five years to her medical degree. Upon graduation, Charlotte to Montreal and set up a private . Three years later, she moved to Winnipeg, Manitoba, and there she was once again a doctor. Many of her patients were from the nearby timber and railway camps.
29、 Charlotte herself operating on damaged limbs and setting bones, in addition to delivering all the babies in the area. But Charlotte had been practicing without a license. She had a doctors license in both Montreal and Winnipeg, but was . The Manitoba College of Physicians and Surgeons, an all-male
30、board, wanted her to her studies at a Canadian medical college! Charlotte refused to her patients to spend time studying what she already knew. So in 1887, she appeared to the Manitoba Legislature to a license to her but they, too, refused. Charlotte to practice without a license until 1912. She die
31、d four years later at the age of 73. In 1993, 77 years after her , a medical license was issued to Charlotte. This decision was made by the Manitoba Legislature to honor “this courageous and pioneering woman.” 【小题1】 A raising B teaching C nursing D missing A habit B interest C opinion D voice A inve
32、nted B selected C offered D started A doctor B musician C lawyer D physicist A Besides B Unfortunately C Otherwise D Eventually A hire B entertain C trust D accept A history B physics C medicine D law A improve B save C design D earn A returned B escaped C spread D wandered A school B museum C clini
33、c D lab A busy B wealthy C greedy D lucky A helped B found C troubled D imagined A harmful B tired C broken D weak A put away B taken over C turned in D applied for A punished B refused C blamed D fired A display B change C preview D complete A leave B charge C test D cure A sell B donate C issue D
34、show A continued B promised C pretended D dreamed A birth B death C wedding D graduation 答案： 【小题 1】 C 【小题 2】 B 【小题 3】 D 【小题 4】 A 【小题 5】 B 【小题 6】 D 【小题 7】 C 【小题 8】 D 【小题 9】 A 【小题 10】 C 【小题 11】 A 【小题 12】 B 【小题 13】 C 【小题 14】 D 【小题 15】 B 【小题 16】 D 【小题 17】 A 【小题 18】 C 【小题 19】 A 【小题 20】 B 试题分析：文章大意：这是一篇记叙
35、文。本文讲述的是立志成为医生的Charlotte虽然经历了很多困难，但她仍然坚持自己的理想并为之努力奋斗的故事。 【小题 1】 C 动词词义辨析及语境理解。由后面的 “her ill elder sister”可知，Charlotte多年护理自己体弱多病的姐姐。 A项意为 “提高，养育 ”； B项意为 “教导 ”； C项意为 “护理 ”； D项意为 “思念；错过 ”。根据句意，答案：选 C。 【小题 2】 B 名词词义辨析及语境理解。由后文可知， Charlotte在结婚后到美国的医学院去学习医学 ，所以她应该是发现自己对医学感兴趣。 A 项意为 “习惯 ”；B项意为 “兴趣 ”； C项意为
36、“观点 ”； D项意为 “声音 ”。 【小题 3】 D 动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意为：她 18岁的时候结婚成家了。start a family 意为 “成家 ”。 A 项意为 “发明 ”； B 项意为 “挑选 ”； C 项意为 “提供 ”；D项意为 “开始 ”。 【小题 4】 A 名词词义辨析及语境理解。由后文可知， Charlotte在结婚后到美国的医学院去学习医学，后来她成为了一名医生，所以她想成为一名医生。 A项意为 “医生 ”； B项意为 “音乐家 ”； C项意为 “律师 ”； D项意为 “物 理学家 ”。 【小题 5】 B 副词词义辨析及语境理解。由 “Canadian medic
37、al school did not”可知，加拿大的医学校不招收女学生，所以此处用 unfortunately。 A项意为 “此外 ”； B项意为 “不幸地是 ”； C项意为 “否则 ”； D项意为 “最后，终于 ”。所以答案：选 B。 【小题 6】 D 动词词义辨析及语境理解。由下文的 “Charlotte went to the United States to” 可知，加拿大的学校不收女学生。 A项意为 “雇佣 ”； B项意为 “娱乐 ”；C项意为 “信任 ”； D项意 为 “接受 ”。所以答案：选 D。 【小题 7】 C 名词词义辨析及语境理解。根据前文可知， Charlotte是学医学
38、，故答案：选 C。 A项意为 “历史 ”； B项意为 “物理 ”； C项意为 “医学 ”； D项意为 “法律 ”。所以答案：选 C。 【小题 8】 D 动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意为 :她花了五年时间获得了医学学位。 A 项意为 “提高 ”； B 项意为 “救，节省 ”； C 项意为 “设计 ”； D 项意为 “赚得，获得 ”。根据句意，答案：选 D。 【小题 9】 A 动词词义辨析及语境理解。由前文可知， Charlotte是离开加拿大去美国学习医学，五年之后应该是回到加 拿大，故答案：选 returned意为 “返回 ”。 A项意为 “返回 ”； B项意为 “逃跑 ”； C项意为 “传播，
39、蔓延 ”； D项意为 “徘徊，流浪 ”。所以答案：选 A。 【小题 10】 C名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意为：毕业后， Charlotte回到蒙特利尔开办了一个私人诊所。 A项意为 “学校 ”； B项意为 “博物馆 ”； C项意为 “诊所 ”； D项意为 “实验室 ”。根据文章可知， Charlotte学习医学想成为一名医生，所以此处应是开办诊所。 【小题 11】 A 形容词辨析及语境理解。由下文的 “Many of her patientsCharlot te in addition to delivering all the babies in the area. ” 可知，Charlot
40、te要做的工作很多，是一个忙碌的医生。 A项意为 “繁忙的，忙碌的 ”； B项意为 “富有的 ”； C项意为 “贪婪的 ”； D项意为 “幸运的 ”。所以答案：选 A。 【小题 12】 B 动词词义辨析及语境理解。此处是 find oneself doing的用法，意为 “发现自己不知不觉在做某事 ”。根据语境可知， Charlotte发现自己在不知不觉中给受伤的四肢做手术，接好断了的骨骼，还有给这个地区所有 的婴儿接生。A项意为 “帮忙 ”； B项意为 “发现 ”； C项意为 “惹麻烦 ”； D项意为 “想象 ”。所以答案：选 B。 【小题 13】 C 形容词词义辨析及语境理解。由前文的 “
41、operating on damaged limbs ”可知，此处应是 broken意为 “破碎的，坏掉的 ”。 A项意为 “有害的 ”； B项意为 “疲惫的 ”； C项意为 “坏掉的 ”； D项意为 “虚弱的 ”。所以答案：选 C。 【小题 14】 D 动词短语辨析及语境理解。由前一句可知， Charlotte没有执照，所以她要申请一个医生执照。 A项意为 “放好，抛弃 ”； B项意为 “接管，接 收 ”；C项意为 “上交 ”； D项意为 “申请 ”。 D项符合句意。 【小题 15】 B 动词词义辨析及语境理解。由下文的 “but they ,too, refused.” 可知， Charl
42、otte被拒绝了。 A项意为 “惩罚 ”； B项意为 “拒绝 ”； C项意为 “责备 ”；D项意为 “解雇，起火 ”。所以答案：选 B。 【小题 16】 D 动词辨析及语境理解。根据句意可知， the Manitoba College of Physicians and Surgeons希望 Charlotte在加拿大完成学业。 A项意为 “展示，展览 ”； B项意为 “改变 ”； C项意为 “预习 ”； D项意为 “完成 ”。所以答案：选 D。 【小题 17】 A 动词词义辨析及语境理解。根据上下文可知， the Manitoba College of Physicians and Surg
43、eons希望 Charlotte在加拿大完成学业，但是Charlotte不愿离开她的的患者把时间花在自己已经知道的东西上面。 A项意为“离开 ”； B项意为 “掌管，充电，要价，控告 ”； C项意为 “测试，检测 ”； D项意为 “治愈 ”。所以答案：选 A。 【小题 18】 C 动词词义辨析及语境理解。根据前文可知， Charlotte不愿离开她的的患者去完成学业，所以她要求 the Manitoba Legislature 给她发一个证书。 A项意为 “卖 ”； B项意为 “捐献 ”； C项意为 “颁发，发给 ”； D项意为 “展示 ”。四个选项中只有 issue符合句意，故答案：选 C。
44、 【小题 19】 A动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意为： Charlotte没有医生执照，但她一直工作到 1912 年。根据后面的 until 1912 可知，她一直在继续自己的工作。A项意为 “继续 ”； B项意为 “许诺，承诺 ”； C项意为 “假装 ”； D项意为 “梦想 ”。所以答案：选 A。 【小题 20】 B 名词 词义辨析及语境理解。有文章倒数第二段最后一句可知，Charlotte死于 1916年，所以 1993年是她去世 77年后，所以此处用 death。 A项意为 “出生 ”； B项意为 “死亡，去世 ”； C项意为 “婚礼 ”； D项意为 “毕业 ”。所以答案：选 B。 考点：
45、考查记叙文 阅读理解 The kids in this village wear dirty, ragged clothes. They sleep beside cows and sheep in huts made of sticks and mud. They have no school. Yet they all can chant the English alphabet, and some can make words. The key to their success: 20 tablet computers(平板电脑 ) dropped off in their Ethiop
46、ian village in February by a U.S. group called One Laptop Per Child. The goal is to find out whether kids using todays new technology can teach themselves to read in places where no schools or teachers exist. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology researchers analyzing the project data say theyre
47、 already amazed. “What I think has already happened is that the kids have already learned more than they would have in one year of kindergarten,” said Matt Keller, who runs the Ethiopia program. The fastest learnerand the first to turn on one of the tabletsis 8 -year-old Kelbesa Negusse. The devices camera was disabled to save memory, yet within weeks Kelbesa had figured out its workings and made the camera work. He called him
