1、2014年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试英语（新课标 卷带解析） 其他 阅读下面材料，用不多于 3个单词的正确形式填空 Are you facing a situation that looking impossible to fix In 1969, the pollution is terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. It _【小题 1】 (be)imaginable that it could be ever be cleaned up. The rive was so polluted that it _【小题
2、2】 (actual) caught fire and burned. Now year late,this rive is one of_【小题 3】 most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup. But river wasnt changed in a few days_【小题 4】 even a few months. It took years of work _【小题 5】 (reduce) industrial pollution and clean the water. Finally, that hard work pa
3、id off and now the water in the river is_【小题 6】(clean) than ever. Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit _【小题7】 is driving your family crazy. Possibly you drink too much or dont know how to control your credit card use. When you face such impossible situation, dont you
4、want a quick fix and something to change immediately. While there are_【小题 8】 (amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the _【小题 9】 (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be_【小题 10】 (patience) 答案： 【小题 1】 was 【小题 2】 actually 【
5、小题 3】 the 【小题 4】 or 【小题 5】 to reduce 【小题 6】 cleaner 【小题 7】 that/which 【小题 8】 amazing 【小题 9】 changes 【小题 10】 patient 试题分析：本文是一篇议论文。文中论述了当人们遇到看起来不可能做的事情时应该怎样做呢？短文以治理长期被污染的河流为例，一开始看起来治理它很难，但是经过几个月甚至几年的时间终于变成清澈的小河了。同样地道理，对于我们大多数人一样，做些改变需要的是努力和耐心。 【小题 1】 was.根据上文提到的事情使 1969 年的事情，所以这里应该用过去式。 【小题 2】 actual
6、ly.这里应该用副词来修饰动词 caught， actual实际上，是形容词； actually实际上，是副词。 【小题 3】 the.这里 one of+可数名词的复数，表示 之一； the most outstanding 是最高级，来修饰 examples；形容词的最高级与定冠词连用。 【小题 4】 or.河流在几天或甚至几个月之后没有多大的改善。这里是两个时间短语表示选择关系，故用 or. 【小题 5】 to reduce.减少工业污染和变成干净的水需要几年的工作时间。这里是句式： It takes +some time +to do sth做某事花费某人多长时间， 故这里应该用动词不
7、定式，故用 to reduce。 【小题 6】 cleaner. 现在河里的水比以前更清了。根据后面的比较连词 than可知这里应该用比较级，故用 cleaner. 【小题 7】 that/which.也许你有一个能使你的家人发疯的习惯。这里 habit是先行词， which或 that引导的是定语从句，并且在从句中作主语，不能省略，故用that/which. 【小题 8】 amazing.这里空格处应该用形容词，来修饰后面的名词， amazing指令人吃惊的； amazed 指人感到吃惊的。这里不是用来修饰人的，故用 amazing。 【小题 9】 changes.对于我们大多数人来说，变化
8、是逐渐的，需要很多努力和工作。因为这里缺少的是句子的主语，根据谓语动词 are可知主语应该是复数，故用 changes。 【小题 10】 patient.需要的是耐心。 patience“耐心 ”是名词；因为空格前有系动词be，所以这里应该用形容词 patient。 考点：短文填空。 完型填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（ A, B, C, D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a rou
9、tine basis. As a matter of fact, we can see this _at work in people of all _. For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about _with their new toys. But their _soon wear off and by January those_toys can be found put away in the basement. The world is full of_stamp albums and unfinished
10、 models, each standing as a monument to someones _interest. When parents bring home a pet, their child_bathes it and brushes its fur. Within a short time, however, the_of caring the animal is handed over to the parents. Adolescent enter high school with great_but soon looking forward to_. The same i
11、s true of the young adults going to the college. And then, how many_, who complain about the long drives to work, _drove for hours at a time when they first_ their drivers licenses Before people retire, they usually _to do a lot of_things, which never had _while working. But _after retirement, the g
12、olfing, the fishing , the reading and all of the other pastimes become as boring as the jobs they _. And, like the child in January, they go searching for new_. 【小题1】 A principle B habit C way D power A parties B races C countries D ages A working B living C playing D going A confidence B interest C
13、 anxiety D sorrow A same B extra C funny D expensive A well-organized B colorfully-printed C newly-collected D half-filled A broad B passing C different D main A silently B impatiently C gladly D worriedly A promise B burden C right D game A courage B calmness C confusion D excitement A graduation B
14、 independence C responsibility D success A children B students C adults D retirees A carefully B eagerly C nervously D bravely A required B obtained C noticed D discovered A need B learn C start D plan A great B strange C difficult D correct A time B money C skills D knowledge A only B well C even D
15、 soon A lost B choose C left D quit A pets B toys C friends D colleagues 答案： 【小题 1】 A 【小题 2】 D 【小题 3】 C 【小题 4】 B 【小题 5】 A 【小题 6】 D 【小题 7】 B 【小题 8】 C 【小题 9】 B 【小题 10】 D 【小题 11】 A 【小题 12】 C 【小题 13】 B 【小题 14】 B 【小题 15】 D 【小题 16】 A 【小题 17】 A 【小题 18】 D 【小题 19】 C 【小题 20】 B 【试题分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了一旦我们的各种活动成为我
16、们日常生活必须做的事情时，无论是哪个年龄段的人都会感到无聊而半途而废了。接下来具体说明了从小孩子、到青少年、再到成年人、到老人都会有这种情况出现。 【小题 1】 A。考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。事实上，我们可以看到这个法则在起作用。此处 principle法则； habit习惯； way方式、方法； power力量。只有 principle和第一句话中的 rule意思接近。故选 A。 【小题 2】 D。考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。后面详细描述了不同年龄的人的情况，因此可知本句话的意思是：其实，我们在不同年龄的人在工作时都会看出这一点。此处 parties党、聚会； B.races竞赛； cou
17、ntries国家； ages年龄。故选 D。 【小题 3】 C。考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。例如，在圣诞节的早晨，孩子们兴奋地玩他们的新玩具。此处 working工作； living和 一起生活； playing 玩；going去。短语 play with的意思是玩弄 。故选 C。 【小题 4】 B。考查形容词词义辨析及语境 理解。根据语境可知，但是孩子们对这些玩具的兴趣很快就越来越少了。此处 confidence自信； interest兴趣；anxiety焦虑； sorrow悲伤。故选 B。 【小题 5】 A考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。到一月份可以发现同样的那些玩具就被放在了地下室里。此处
18、 same相同的； extra额外的； funny好玩的；expensive贵的。 the same同一个的，说明还没持续几天兴趣就没了。故选 A。 【小题 6】 D。考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。这个世界充满了装了一半的集邮册和为完成的模型，此处 well-organized 组织好的； colorfully-printed涂得五颜六色的； newly-collected新收集来的； half-filled完成一半的。这里又是一个不能把兴趣保持下去的例子。所以最佳选 D。 【小题 7】 B。考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。每一个都如一个立在那里的纪念碑来纪念某个人短暂的兴趣。此处 broad宽
19、的； passing短暂的； different 不同的； main 主要的。如果知道 passing 的意思是短暂的。那么选 B 就很容易了。 【小题 8】 C。考查副词词义辨析及语境理解。当父母带回家一只宠物， 他们的孩子高高兴兴地给它洗澡、给它刷毛。此处 silently安静地； impatiently 不耐烦地； gladly高兴地； worriedly担心地。小孩子对宠物很感兴趣，所以选 C最能表达这里的意思。 【小题 9】 B。考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。然而，很快照顾动物的责任就交给父母。此处 promise承诺； burden负担、责任； right权利； game游戏。如果兴
20、趣变成了每天必做的是，孩子就坚持不下去了。当然照顾宠物的责任就由父母来承担了。 【小题 10】 D。考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。青少年进入高中时很激动。此处 courage勇气； calmness平静； confusion 混淆； excitement激动。根据常识可知，一开始进入新环境人们应该是兴奋、激动的。故选 D。 【小题 11】 A。考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。但是很快就盼着毕业了。此处graduation毕业； independence独立； responsibility责任； success成功。但是有的人不能坚持，过不久就盼着毕业离开了。只有 A符合语境。 【小题 12】 C。考
21、查名词词义辨析及语境理解。前面根据年龄提到小孩子、十多岁的青少年、青年人。接下来应该说成年 人了。成年人抱怨要开好长时间的车去上班。此处 children孩子们； students学生； adults成年人； retirees退休人员。故选 C。 【小题 13】 B。考查副词词义辨析及语境理解。和前面的人们一样，他们一开始拿到驾驶证时多么渴望一次开上几个小时。此处 carefully小心地； eagerly渴望地、急切地； nervously紧张地； bravely勇敢地。故选 B。 【小题 14】 B。考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。他们一开始拿到驾驶证时多么渴望一次开上几个小时。此处 requ
22、ired需要； obtained获得 ； noticed注意；discovered发现。只有 B符合语境。 【小题 15】 D。考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。在退休前人们经常计划着做很多的事。此处 need需要； learn学； start开始； plan计划。对未来生活的憧憬应该用 plan更合适。故选 D。 【小题 16】 A。考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。在退休前人们经常计划着做很多伟大的事。此处 great 伟大的； strange奇怪的； difficult困难的； correct正确的。结合前面的例子可知，自己以前没有做成的事，一开始总是觉得很伟大，很了不起。故选 A。 【小题 17
23、】 A。考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。这些事在工作期间都没有时间去做。此处 time时间； money钱； skills技能； knowledge知识。等到退休了再去做，应该是以前忙于工作而没有时间做。故选 A。 【小题 18】 D。考查副词词义辨析及语境理解。但是退休后不久，打高尔夫、钓鱼、读书和所有其他的消遣方式都变得无聊了。此处 only仅仅； well好；even甚至； soon不久。这里表达兴趣一旦变成每天必须做的事时，老人也一样难以坚持。故选 D。 【小题 19】 C。考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。这些想做的事就 像他们离开的工作一样变得索然无味了。此处 lost失去； chose选择
24、； left剩下、离开； quit停止。 leave work 离开工作岗位。故选 C。 【小题 20】 B。考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。就像那个一月的孩子一样，他们又去寻找新的玩具了。此处 pets宠物； toys玩具； friends朋友； colleagues同事。和一开始的例子一样。说明老人和小孩子一样没有长性。把老人比作孩子，那孩子玩的东西就是玩具了。故选 B。 考点：日常生活类阅读。 阅读理解 The Cambridge Science Festival Curiosity Challenge Dare to Take the Curiosity Challenge! The Ca
25、mbridge Science Festival (CSF) is pleased to inform you of the sixth annual Curiosity Challenge. The challenge invites, even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14 to create artwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity and how it inspires them to explore their world. Students
26、 are being dared to draw a picture, write an article, take a photo or write a poem that shows what they are curious about. To enter the challenge, all artwork or pieces of writing should be sent to the Cambridge Science Festival, MIT Museum, 265 Mass Avenue. Cambridge 02139 by Friday, February 8th.
27、Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners will be honored at a special ceremony during the CSF on Sunday, April 21st. Guest speaker will also present prizes to the students. Winning entries will be published in a book. Student entries will be exhibit and prizes will be g
28、iven. Families of those who take part will be included in the celebration and brunch will be served. Between March 10th and March 15th, each winner will be given the specifics of the closing ceremony and the Curiosity Challenge celebration. The program guidelines and other related information are av
29、ailable at: http:/cambridgesciencefestival.org. 【小题 1】 Who can take in the Curiosity Challenge A School students. B Cambridge locals. C CSF winners. D MIT artists. 【小题 2】 When will the prize-giving ceremony be held A On February 8th. B On March 10th C On March 15th. D On April 21st. 【小题 3】 What type
30、 of writing is this text A An exhibition guide. B An art show review. C An announcement. D An official report. 答案： 【小题 1】 A 【小题 2】 D 【小题 3】 C 试题分析：本文是一篇应用文。叙述了第六届剑桥科技节的通知，通知要求 5至 14的学生可以报名参加，参赛作品可以是一张画、一篇文章、一张照片或一首诗，作品能够鼓励人们探险世界。将在大桥科技节 4月 21日给优秀作品颁奖。 【小题 1】 A考查细节理解。谁能够参加好奇心的挑战？根据 The challenge invi
31、tes,even dares school studenrs between the ages of 5-14 to create artwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity。可知是 514 岁的学生可以参加比赛。故选 A。 【小题 2】 D考查细节理解。颁奖仪式什么时间举行？根据 Students who enter the Cambridge Challenge and are selected as winners will be honorned at a special ceremony during the CS
32、F on Sunday,April 21st.可知颁奖仪式在 4月 21日星期天举行，故选 D。 【小题 3】 C考查判断推理。这篇是属于什么体裁的文章？根据短文的内容及The program guidelines and other related information are available at:http:/cambridgesciencefestival.org.可推知这是一个通知，如果想了解更多的信息可以登陆这个网址。故选 C。选项 A展览指导或说明，如果是这一项的话，短文应该写出展览的时间及地点，那么让学生参加比赛及颁奖部分的内容就是多余的；故不符合原文；选项 B艺术展回顾或
33、评论，它的内容应该写的是对这种展览过后的评价，因而短文的句子的时态不会用将来时，而应该用一般过去式；而这篇短文用的是将来时；故排除 B。选项 D一个官方的报道。根据 The Cambridge Science Festival (CSF) is pleased to inform you Of the sixth annual Curiosity Challenge.可知这里是剑桥科技节的名誉写的通知，而并非官方，故排除 D。 考点：广告类短文阅读。 Passenger pigeons（旅鸽） once flew over much of the United States in unbeli
34、evable numbers. Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks（群） so large that they darkened the sky for hours. It was calculated that when its population reach its highest point, there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bi
35、rd population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant birds in the world. Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller, a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles (about 515 kilometers) long was seen near Cincinnati. Sadly, the abundance of passenger pig
36、eons may have been their undoing. Where the birds were abundant, people believed there was an ever-lasting supply and killed them by the thousands. Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain, waited until pigeons had settled to feed, then threw large nets over them, taking hundr
37、eds at a time. The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants. By the closing decades of the 19th century, the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans need for wood, which scattered（驱散） the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north, where c
38、old temperatures and spring storms contributed to their decline. Soon the great flocks were gone, never to be seen again. In 1897, the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons, but by then, no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years. The last confirm
39、ed wild pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County, Ohio, in 1900. For a time, a few birds survived under human care. The last of them, known affectionately as Martha, died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden in September 1, 1914. 【小题 1】 In the 18th and early 19th centuries, passen
40、ger pigeons _. A were the biggest bird in the world B lived mainly in the south of America C did great harm to the natural environment D Were the largest population in the US 【小题 2】 The underlined word “undoing” probably refers to the pigeons _. A escape B ruin C liberation D evolution 【小题 3】 What w
41、as the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons A To seek pleasure. B To save other birds. C To make money. D To protect crops. 【小题 4】 What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan A It was ignored by the public. B It was declared too late. C It was unfair. D It was strict. 答案： 【小题 1】 D
42、 【小题 2】 B 【小题 3】 C 【小题 4】 B 试题分析：本文是一篇记叙文。叙述了旅鸽逐渐消失的过程。在美国， 18世纪和 19世纪旅鸽的数量很大。人们认为旅鸽数量多，会永恒的供应，于是成千的人杀害了旅鸽。 19世纪末，美国人是为了需要木材而驱赶旅鸽。在 1897年，到密歇根州通过禁止屠杀旅鸽的法律时，在美国已经 10年没有见过大的旅鸽群。最后一批旅鸽，于 1914年，在辛辛那提动物园死去。 【小题 1】 D. 考查细节理解。在 18世纪和 19世纪初期，旅鸽的数量怎么样？根据 Passenger pigeons（旅鸽） once flew over much of the Unite
43、d States in unbelievable numbers. Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks（群） so large that they darkened the sky for hours.可知在美国， 18世纪和19世纪旅鸽的数量很大。故选 D。 【小题 2】 B. 考查词义猜测。划线单词 undoing可能指的是旅鸽发生了什么情况？根据 Where the birds were abundant, people believed there was an ever-lasting
44、supply and killed them by the thousands.可知人们认为旅鸽数量多会永恒的供应，于是成千的人杀害了旅鸽。因此判断此处 undoing的意思是死亡， 毁灭。故选B。 【小题 3】 C. 考查细节理解。人们杀死旅鸽的主要原因是什么？根据Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain, waited until pigeons had settled to feed, then threw large nets over them, taking hundreds at a time.
45、 The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.可知商业猎人捕捉了大量的旅鸽，把他们卖到大城市的餐馆里，因此推测人们杀死旅鸽的主要原因是为了赚钱。故选 C。选项 A的意思是寻开心。文中没有提到让人们高兴的内容，故不符合文章的意思。选项 B，为了挽救其他鸟类。在文中没有提到其他鸟类，故不符合原文，故排除 B项。选项 D,为了保护庄稼。根据 the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans need for
46、 wood, which scattered（驱散） the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north,可知美国人是为了需要木材而驱赶旅鸽，而不是为了保护庄稼，故排除 D项。 【小题 4】 B.考查推理判断。关于密歇根州通过得法律我们可以推断出什么？根据 In 1897, the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons, but by then, no sizable flocks had been seen in the sta
47、te for 10 years.可知到密歇根州通过禁止屠杀旅鸽的法律时，在美国已经 10年没有见过大的旅鸽群，这可推断旅鸽数量已经很少了，因此这项法律通过得太晚了。故选 B。 考点：环保类短文阅读。 A typical lion tamer (驯兽师 ) in peoples mind is an entertainer holding a whip (鞭子 )and a chair .The whip get all of the attention , but its mostly for show .In reality , its the chair that does the imp
48、ortant work .When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lions face , the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time .With its focus divided , the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next .When faced with so many options , the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair. How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion How often do you have something you want to achieve
