1、BS ISO 6336-5:2016 Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears Part 5: Strength and quality of materials BSI Standards Publication WB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS ISO 6336-5:2016 BRITISH STANDARD National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation o
2、f ISO 6336-5:2016. It supersedes BS ISO 6336-5:2003 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee MCE/5/-/14, Gears-materials. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does n
3、ot purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016 ISBN 978 0 580 80272 0 ICS 21.200 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal
4、obligations. This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2016. Amendments issued since publication Date Text affectedBS ISO 6336-5:2016 ISO 2016 Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears Part 5: Strength and quality
5、 of materials Calcul de la capacit de charge des engrenages cylindriques dentures droite et hlicodale Partie 5: Rsistance et qualit des matriaux INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 6336-5 Third edition 2016-08-15 Reference number ISO 6336-5:2016(E)BS ISO 6336-5:2016ISO 6336-5:2016(E)ii ISO 2016 All rights re
6、served COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an
7、intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyrighti
8、so.org www.iso.orgBS ISO 6336-5:2016ISO 6336-5:2016(E)Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 T erms, definitions and s ymbols 2 4 Methods for the det ermination of allo w able str ess numbers . 2 4.1 General . 2 4.2 Method A 3 4.3 Method B 3 4.4 Method B r. 3 4.5 Method B
9、k. 3 4.6 Method B p . 3 5 Standar d allo w able str ess numbers Method B 3 5.1 Application . 3 5.2 Allowable stress number (contact), H lim. 4 5.3 Bending stress number values for F limand FE. 5 5.3.1 Nominal stress numbers (bending), F lim5 5.3.2 Allowable stress number (bending), FE. 5 5.3.3 Rever
10、sed bending 5 5.4 Graphs for H limand F limand FE. 6 5.5 Calculation of H limand F lim6 5.6 Hardening depth of surface hardened gears in finished condition 23 5.6.1 General.23 5.6.2 Case depth of carburized and hardened gears 23 5.6.3 Nitriding hardening depth of nitrided gears 25 6 Requirements for
11、 material quality and heat treatment .26 6.1 General aspects 26 6.2 Normalized low carbon or cast steel, plain carbon, unalloyed steels (see Figures 1 and 2) .27 6.3 Black malleable cast iron see Figures 3 a) and 4 a) .27 6.4 Other materials see Figures 3 b), 3 c), 4 b), 4 c), 5 to 16 .27 6.5 Coupon
12、 40 6.6 Mechanical cleaning by shot blasting .41 6.7 Shot peening .41 6.7.1 General.41 6.7.2 Strength enhancement.41 6.7.3 Salvage .41 Annex A (informative) Considerations of size of controlling section for through hardened gearing 43 Anne x B (informative) C or e har dness c oefficients46 Bibliogr
13、aph y .47 ISO 2016 All rights reserved iii Contents PageBS ISO 6336-5:2016ISO 6336-5:2016(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried
14、 out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
15、 collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different
16、approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be
17、the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
18、Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformit y assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Org
19、anization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html. The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 60, Gears, Subcommittee SC 2, Gear capacity calculation. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 633
20、6-5:2003), which has been technically revised to reflect current practices throughout the industry. A list of all parts in the ISO 6336 series can be found on the ISO website.iv ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 6336-5:2016ISO 6336-5:2016(E) Introduction This document, together with ISO 6336-1, ISO
21、 6336-2, ISO 6336-3 and ISO 6336-6, provides the principles for a coherent system of procedures for the calculation of the load capacity of cylindrical involute gears with external or internal teeth. ISO 6336 is designed to facilitate the application of future knowledge and developments, as well as
22、the exchange of information gained from experience. Allowable stress numbers, as covered by this document, may vary widely. Such variation is attributable to defects and variations of chemical composition (charge), structure, the type and extent of hot working (e.g. bar stock, forging, reduction rat
23、io), heat treatment, residual stress levels, etc. Tables summarize the most important influencing variables and the requirements for the different materials and quality grades. The effects of these influences on surface durability and tooth bending strength are illustrated by graphs. This document c
24、overs the most widely used ferrous gear materials and related heat treatment processes. Recommendations on the choice of specific materials, heat treatment processes or manufacturing processes are not included. Furthermore, no comments are made concerning the suitability or otherwise of any material
25、s for specific manufacturing or heat treatment processes. ISO 2016 All rights reserved vBS ISO 6336-5:2016BS ISO 6336-5:2016Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears Part 5: Strength and quality of materials 1 Scope This document describes contact and tooth-root stresses and gives numer
26、ical values for both limit stress numbers. It specifies requirements for material quality and heat treatment and comments on their influences on both limit stress numbers. Values in accordance with this document are suitable for use with the calculation procedures provided in ISO 6336-2, ISO 6336-3
27、and ISO 6336-6 and in the application standards for industrial, high-speed and marine gears. They are applicable to the calculation procedures given in ISO 10300 for rating the load capacity of bevel gears. This document is applicable to all gearing, basic rack profiles, profile dimensions, design,
28、etc., covered by those standards. The results are in good agreement with other methods for the range indicated in the scope of ISO 6336-1 and ISO 10300-1. 2 Normative references The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requiremen
29、ts of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 53, Cylindrical gears for general and heavy engineering Standard basic rack tooth profile ISO 642, Steel Hardenabil
30、ity test by end quenching (Jominy test) ISO 643:2012, Steels Micrographic determination of the apparent grain size ISO 683-1, Heat-treatable steels, alloy steels and free-cutting steels Part 1: Non-alloy steels for quenching and tempering ISO 683-2, Heat-treatable steels, alloy steels and free-cutti
31、ng steels Part 2: Alloy steels for quenching and tempering ISO 683-3, Heat-treatable steels, alloy steels and free-cutting steels Part 3: Case-hardening steels ISO 683-4, Heat-treatable steels, alloy steels and free-cutting steels Part 4: Free-cutting steels ISO 683-5, Heat-treatable steels, alloy s
32、teels and free-cutting steels Part 5: Nitriding steels ISO 1328-1, Cylindrical gears ISO system of flank tolerance classification Part 1: Definitions and allowable values of deviations relevant to flanks of gear teeth ISO 2639, Steels Determination and verification of the depth of carburized and har
33、dened cases ISO 3754, Steel Determination of effective depth of hardening after flame or induction hardening ISO 4948-2, Steels Classification Part 2: Classification of unalloyed and alloy steels according to main quality classes and main property or application characteristics ISO 4967, Steel Deter
34、mination of content of non-metallic inclusions Micrographic method using standard diagrams INTERNATIONAL ST ANDARD ISO 6336-5:2016(E) ISO 2016 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 6336-5:2016ISO 6336-5:2016(E) ISO 6336-1, Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears Part 1: Basic principles, introd
35、uction and general influence factors ISO 6336-2, Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears Part 2: Calculation of surface durability (pitting) ISO 6336-3:2006, Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears Part 3: Calculation of tooth bending strength ISO 9443, Heat-treatable a
36、nd alloy steels Surface quality classes for hot-rolled round bars and wire rods Technical delivery conditions ISO 10474, Steel and steel products Inspection documents ISO 14104, Gears Surface temper etch inspection after grinding, chemical method ISO 18265, Metallic materials Conversion of hardness
37、values EN 10204, Metallic products Types of inspection documents EN 10228-1, Non-destructive testing of steel forgings Magnetic particle inspection EN 10228-3, Non-destructive testing of steel forgings Ultrasonic testing of ferritic or martensitic steel forgings EN 10308, Non-destructive testing Ult
38、rasonic testing of steel bars ASTM 1)A388-01, Standard practice for ultrasonic examination of heavy steel forgings ASTM A609-91, Standard practice for castings, carbon, low alloy and martensitic stainless steel, ultrasonic examination thereof ASTM E428-00, Standard Practice for Fabrication and Contr
39、ol of Steel Reference Blocks Used in Ultrasonic Examination ASTM E1444-01, Standard practice for magnetic particle examination 3 T erms, d efinitions and s ymbols For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 1122-1 and the symbols and units given in ISO 6336-1 apply. ISO
40、 and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at http:/ /www.electropedia.org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:/ /www.iso.org/obp 4 Methods for the de t ermination of allo w able str ess numbers 4.1 Gener
41、al Allowable stress numbers should be determined for each material and material condition, preferably by means of gear running tests. Test conditions and component dimensions should equate, as nearly as is practicable, to the operating conditions and dimensions of the gears to be rated. When evaluat
42、ing test results or data derived from field service, it is always necessary to ascertain whether or not specific influences on permissible stresses are already included with the evaluated data, e.g. in the case of surface durability, the effects of lubricants, surface roughness and gear geometry; in
43、 1) American Society for Testing and Materials2 ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 6336-5:2016ISO 6336-5:2016(E) the case of tooth bending strength, the fillet radius, surface roughness and gear geometry. If a specific influence is included in the permissible stress derived from tests or from field
44、service data, then the relevant influence factor should be set equal to 1,0 in the calculation procedure of ISO 6336-2 and ISO 6336-3. 4.2 Method A The allowable stress numbers for contact and bending are derived from endurance tests of gears having dimensions closely similar to those of the gears t
45、o be rated, under test conditions which are closely similar to the intended operating conditions. 4.3 Method B The allowable stress numbers for contact and bending were derived from endurance tests of reference test gears under reference test conditions. Tooth-root allowable stress numbers were also
46、 derived from pulsator tests. Practical experience should be taken into account. The standard allowable stress numbers specified in 5.2 and 5.3 are based on such tests and experience. Three different classes, ME, MQ and ML, are given for the allowable stress numbers. The appropriate choice of class
47、will depend, as described in Clause 6, on the type of production and quality control exercised. 4.4 Method B r Contact stress numbers derived from rolling contact fatigue testing have to be used with caution since they tend to overestimate allowable contact stress numbers for gear teeth. 4.5 Method
48、B k Allowable stress numbers for bending are derived from the results of testing notched test pieces. Preferably, the ratio of the test piece notch radius to thickness should be similar to that of the fillet radius to the tooth-root chord in the critical section and the surface condition should be s
49、imilar to that of the tooth root. When evaluating test data, it should be understood that test pieces are usually subjected to repeating bending stress, whereas in the case of a gear tooth, the fillets of the teeth are subjected to combined bending, shear and compressive stresses. Data on the various materials can be obtained from in-house testing, experience or from literature. 4.6 Method B p Allowable stress numbers for bending are derived from the results of t
